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Pharmacology > Exam Questions > Flashcards

Exam Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What was the original anticoagulant drug therapy used for patients with a history of HIT?

a. Hirudin
b. Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
c. Fondaparinux (Arixta)
d. Bivalirudin (Angiomax)
e. Warfarin

A

a. Hirudin

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2
Q

This anticoagulant agent binds to antithrombin and enhances the inactivation of both Factor IIa and Factor Xa.

a. Heparin
b. Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
c. Fondaparinux (Arixta)
d. Bivalirudin (Angiomax)
e. Warfarin

A

a. Heparin

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3
Q

Administering this drug in patients undergoing a spinal anesthesia increases the risk of hemorrhage and resulting paralysis.

a. Heparin
b. Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
c. Fondaparinux (Arixta)
d. Bivalirudin (Angiomax)
e. Warfarin

A

b. Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

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4
Q

A patient begins taking this drug for symptomatic treatment of GERD when he develops a darkening of the tongue. Which of the following is he most likely on?

a. Misoprostol
b. Sucralfate
c. Bismuth Subsalicylate
d. Cimetidine
e. Omeprazole

A

c. Bismuth Subsalicylate

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5
Q

If a patient overdoses on Heparin what is the reversal agent?

a. Bivalirudin (Angiomax)
b. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
c. PCC (Kcentra)
d. Protamine
e. Phytonadione

A

d. Protamine

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6
Q

A patient with GERD begins taking this medication and develops galactorrhea. Which of the following did she likely take?

a. Tums
b. Sucralfate
c. Misoprostol
d. Cimetidine
e. Omeprazole

A

d. Cimetidine

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7
Q

A patient with resistant hypertension adds this drug to his regimen. He returns to the clinic a few weeks later complaining of gynecomastia. Which of the following medications did he most likely begin taking?

a. Lisinopril
b. Losartan
c. Amlodipine
d. HCTZ
e. Spironolactone (Aldactone)

A

e. Spironolactone (Aldactone)

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8
Q

A patient with constipation begins taking this medication and develops tardive dyskinesia. Which of the following is he most likely taking?

a. docusate
b. psyllium
c. metoclopramide
d. bethanechol

A

c. metoclopramide

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9
Q

A patient with newly diagnosed hypertension returns to the clinic complaining of orthostatic hypotension. Which of the following drugs is he most likely taking?

a. Prazosin (Minipress)
b. Clonidine (Catapres)
c. Atenolol
d. Methyldopa (Aldomet)
e. Reserpine

A

a. Prazosin (Minipress)

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10
Q

This hypertension controlling drug works by disrupting the integrity of pre-synaptic vessels that store neurotransmitters. It was discontinued d/t complications of depression.

a. Prazosin (Minipress)
b. Metoprolol
c. Tamsulosin (Flomax)
d. Methyldopa (Aldomet)
e. Reserpine

A

e. Reserpine

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11
Q

How is heparin cleared from the system?

a. liver
b. kidney
c. reticulo-endothelial system
d. GI

A

c. reticulo-endothelial system

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12
Q

A patient with hypertension decides to stop taking his medication because he is not seeing any benefits. He now presents with an even higher blood pressure. Which of the following medications did he most likely discontinue?

a. Prazosin (Minipress)
b. Clonidine (Catapres)
c. Tamsulosin (Flomax)
d. Methyldopa (Aldomet)
e. Reserpine

A

b. Clonidine (Catapres)

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13
Q

Which of the following drugs has the greatest risk of hemorrhage?

a. Aspirin
b. Clopidogrel (Plavix)
c. Vorapaxar (Zontivity)
d. Dipyrimadole (Persantine)
e. Tirofiban (Aggrestat)
f. Atleplase (Activase)

A

f. Atleplase (Activase)

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14
Q

A patient with a long history of HF begins taking this drug and now complains of visual disturbances. He states he is “seeing angles”. Which of the following medications is he most likely on?

a. Digoxin
b. Chlorthalidone
c. Metolazone
d. Furosemide
e. Entresto

A

a. Digoxin

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15
Q

What lab test is used to monitor Warfarin?

a. PTT
b. PT
c. INR
d. CK

A

b. PT

INR is used to standardize PT value

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16
Q

This antiplatelet drug works as a direct thrombin receptor antagonist. It is relatively new and its role is yet to be established.

a. Aspirin
b. Clopidogrel (Plavix)
c. Vorapaxar (Zontivity)
d. Dipyrimadole (Persantine)
e. Tirofiban (Aggrestat)

A

c. Vorapaxar (Zontivity)

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17
Q

Which of the following drugs is indicated for an acute exacerbation of HF?

a. HCTZ
b. Chlorthalidone
c. Furosemide
d. Metoprolol Succinate
e. Entresto

A

c. Furosemide

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18
Q

Which of the following antacids can be used to treat traveler’s diarrhea?

a. Misoprostol
b. Sucralfate
c. Bismuth Subsalicylate
d. Cimetidine
e. Omeprazole

A

c. Bismuth Subsalicylate

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19
Q

Which of the following factors is the most critical for mortality reduction with TPA administration in a patient suffering from an infarction?

a. type of TPA derivative administered
b. route of administration
c. time since onset of symptoms
d. dose of TPA given

A

c. time since onset of symptoms

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20
Q

The mechanism of action of this drug is to irreversibly inhibit COX-1 resulting in a decrease of thromboxane A2 formation.

a. Aspirin
b. Clopidogrel (Plavix)
c. Vorapaxar (Zontivity)
d. Dipyrimadole (Persantine)
e. Tirofiban (Aggrestat)

A

a. Aspirin

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21
Q

Which of the following is NOT a first-line agent for hypertension treatment?

a. Lisinopril
b. Losartan
c. Amlodipine
d. HCTZ
e. Spironolactone (Aldactone)

A

e. Spironolactone (Aldactone)

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22
Q

This antiplatelet drug has the fastest onset of action and is the strongest mediator of platelet activation.

a. Aspirin
b. Clopidogrel (Plavix)
c. Vorapaxar (Zontivity)
d. Dipyrimadole (Persantine)
e. Tirofiban (Aggrestat)

A

a. Aspirin

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23
Q

This antihypertensive drug is a direct renin inhibitor.

a. Lisinopril
b. Losartan
c. Aliskiren (Tekturna)
d. Spironolactone (Aldactone)
e. HCTZ

A

c. Aliskiren (Tekturna)

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24
Q

This anticoagulant drug specifically inhibits Factor IIa. It was developed specifically for patients with a history of HIT.

a. Heparin
b. Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
c. Fondaparinux (Arixta)
d. Bivalirudin (Angiomax)
e. Warfarin

A

d. Bivalirudin (Angiomax)

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25
Q

This LMWH-like agent is safe to use in patients with a history of HIT.

a. Heparin
b. Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
c. Fondaparinux (Arixta)
d. Bivalirudin (Angiomax)
e. Warfarin

A

c. Fondaparinux (Arixta)

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26
Q

Which of the following antihypertensive drugs can be beneficial in a patient with osteoporosis?

a. Lisinopril
b. Losartan
c. Amlodipine
d. HCTZ
e. Furosemide

A

d. HCTZ

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27
Q

This acid suppressive therapy has the highest chance of rebound hyperacidity.

a. Tums
b. Sucralfate
c. Misoprostol
d. Cimetidine
e. Omeprazole

A

e. Omeprazole

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28
Q

A patient with a long history of HF is now unable to tolerate a beta-blocker. He is switched to a drug that works by selectively inhibiting the funny Ion channel of diastolic depolarization. Which of the following medications is he on?

a. Digoxin
b. Chlorthalidone
c. Ivabradine
d. Furosemide
e. Entresto

A

c. Ivabradine

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29
Q

A patient with long history of HF presents to the ED with acute decompensated HF. He is given a drug that inhibits the PDE3 preventing cAMP degradation. Which of the following is he on?

a. Digoxin
b. Dobutamine
c. Ivabradine
d. Milrinone
e. Entresto

A

d. Milrinone

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30
Q

This antiplatelet drug works by antagonizing the P2Y12 receptor reducing the activation of adenosine diphosphate (ADP).

a. Aspirin
b. Clopidogrel (Plavix)
c. Vorapaxar (Zontivity)
d. Dipyrimadole (Persantine)
e. Tirofiban (Aggrestat)

A

b. Clopidogrel (Plavix)

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31
Q

A patient with IBS begins taking this medication that stimulates the type-2 chloride channel to release more chloride ion into the lumen.

a. docusate
b. psyllium
c. metoclopramide
d. Linaclotide
e. Lubiprostone

A

e. Lubiprostone

32
Q

If a patient overdoses on Enoxaparin (Lovenox) what is the reversal agent?

a. Bivalirudin (Angiomax)
b. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
c. PCC (Kcentra)
d. Protamine
e. Phytonadione
f. both b and c

A

f. both b and c

33
Q

A patient presents to the ER with severe symptomatic bradyarrhythmia d/t overdosing on his beta-blocker. Which of the following is used for supportive treatment?

a. Protamine
b. Glucagon
c. Insulin
d. Fresh frozen plasma

A

b. Glucagon

34
Q

A patient with newly diagnosed hypertension begins taking this medication and develops a dry non-productive cough. Which of the following medication did he most likely begin taking?

a. Lisinopril
b. Losartan
c. Aliskiren (Tekturna)
d. Spironolactone (Aldactone)
e. HCTZ

A

a. Lisinopril

35
Q

This anticoagulant agent is the safest to use in a pregnant patient.

a. Heparin
b. Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
c. Fondaparinux (Arixta)
d. Bivalirudin (Angiomax)
e. Warfarin

A

b. Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

36
Q

What is the recommended regimen for H-pylori treatment?

A

BMT

  • bismuth subsalicylate
  • metronidazole
  • tetracycline
37
Q

This anticoagulant agent binds to antithrombin and enhances the inactivation of Factor Xa way more than Factor IIa.

a. Heparin
b. Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
c. Fondaparinux (Arixta)
d. Bivalirudin (Angiomax)
e. Warfarin

A

b. Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

38
Q

This HF management drug works by inhibiting the Na/K/Cl symptorter in the thick ascending loop of henle.

a. HCTZ
b. Chlorthalidone
c. Metolazone
d. Furosemide
e. Entresto

A

d. Furosemide

39
Q

This antiplatelet drug is given IV only and is rarely used today due to it having the highest bleeding risk of all the antiplatelet drugs.

a. Aspirin
b. Clopidogrel (Plavix)
c. Vorapaxar (Zontivity)
d. Dipyrimadole (Persantine)
e. Tirofiban (Aggrestat)

A

e. Tirofiban (Aggrestat)

40
Q

What lab test is used to monitor heparin?

a. PTT
b. PT
c. INR
d. CK

A

a. PTT

41
Q

Which of the following antihypertensive medications has CYP450 related drug interactions?

a. Lisinopril
b. Losartan
c. Amlodipine
d. HCTZ
e. Diltiazem

A

e. Diltiazem

* non-DHP CCB

42
Q

A 35 year old pregnant female takes an NSAID for her headache when she develops an upset stomach. She then proceeds to take a medication that results in labor induction. Which of the following did she likely take?

a. Misoprostol
b. Sucralfate
c. Bismuth Subsalicylate
d. Cimetidine
e. Omeprazole

A

a. Misoprostol

43
Q

Which of the following medications is indicated for stress ulcer prophylaxis in a patient who is mechanically ventilated in an ICU?

a. Misoprostol
b. Sucralfate
c. Bismuth Subsalicylate
d. Cimetidine
e. Omeprazole

A

b. Sucralfate

44
Q

If a patient overdoses on Warfarin what is the reversal agent?

a. Bivalirudin (Angiomax)
b. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
c. PCC (Kcentra)
d. Protamine
e. Phytonadione

A

e. Phytonadione

45
Q

Which of the following antacids has the fastest onset of action.

a. Tums
b. Sucralfate
c. Misoprostol
d. Cimetidine
e. Omeprazole

A

a. Tums

* Alka Selter, Maalox = anything containing hydroxides

46
Q

A patient is given this medication to evacuate his colon in preparation for a colonoscopy.

a. docusate
b. psyllium
c. metoclopramide
d. bethanechol
e. Miralax

A

e. Miralax

47
Q

A patient with long history of HF presents to the ED with acute decompensated HF. He is given a drug that is a strong beta-1 agonist. Which of the following is he on?

a. Digoxin
b. Dobutamine
c. Ivabradine
d. Milrinone
e. Entresto

A

b. Dobutamine

48
Q

This drug, commonly used to treat hypertension is also used in opioid withdrawal.

a. Prazosin (Minipress)
b. Clonidine (Catapres)
c. Tamsulosin (Flomax)
d. Methyldopa (Aldomet)
e. Reserpine

A

b. Clonidine (Catapres)

49
Q

These medications are the most potent agents for acid suppressive therapy.

a. Tums
b. Sucralfate
c. Misoprostol
d. Cimetidine
e. Omeprazole

A

e. Omeprazole

50
Q

A patient with HF that is usually well-tolerated with HCTZ presents today complaining of symptoms. Which of the following medication can be used as a short-term add on to help with symptom management?

a. HCTZ
b. Chlorthalidone
c. Metolazone
d. Metoprolol Succinate
e. Entresto

A

c. Metolazone

51
Q

This acid suppressive therapy has the longest time of onset d/t it being a pro-drug.

a. Tums
b. Sucralfate
c. Misoprostol
d. Cimetidine
e. Omeprazole

A

e. Omeprazole

52
Q

This anticoagulant drug works by inhibiting vitamin K dependent clotting factors (2,7,9,10).

a. Hirudin
b. Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
c. Fondaparinux (Arixta)
d. Bivalirudin (Angiomax)
e. Warfarin

A

e. Warfarin

53
Q

A patient with newly diagnosed hypertension begins taking Lisinopril and develops angioedema. Which of the following medication should he transition to instead?

a. Chlorthalidone
b. Losartan
c. Aliskiren (Tekturna)
d. Spironolactone (Aldactone)
e. HCTZ

A

b. Losartan

54
Q

A patient with newly diagnosed HF begins taking this drug and develops symptomatic hypotension. Which of the following did he most likely take?

a. HCTZ
b. Chlorthalidone
c. Metolazone
d. Furosemide
e. Entresto

A

e. Entresto

55
Q

Which of the following antacid medication is a CYP450 inhibitor?

a. Tums
b. Sucralfate
c. Misoprostol
d. Cimetidine
e. Omeprazole

A

d. Cimetidine

56
Q

This antihypertensive drug is a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.

a. Lisinopril
b. Losartan
c. Amlodipine
d. HCTZ
e. Spironolactone (Aldactone)

A

e. Spironolactone (Aldactone)

57
Q

Starting this medication may result in a decrease of Clopidogrel (Plavix) efficacy.

a. Tums
b. Sucralfate
c. Misoprostol
d. Cimetidine
e. Omeprazole

A

e. Omeprazole

* 2C19 enzyme inhibitor

58
Q

A patient begins taking this anticoagulant. A few weeks later he returns complaining of alopecia and urticaria. Which drug do you suspect he is taking?

a. Hirudin
b. Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
c. Fondaparinux (Arixta)
d. Bivalirudin (Angiomax)
e. Warfarin

A

e. Warfarin

* allergic reaction d/t food dyes

59
Q

A patient with newly diagnosed hypertension begins taking this medication and develops angioedema. Which of the following medication did he most likely begin taking?

a. Lisinopril
b. Losartan
c. Aliskiren (Tekturna)
d. Spironolactone (Aldactone)
e. HCTZ

A

a. Lisinopril

60
Q

A patient with newly diagnosed HF begins taking this drug and develops ototoxicity. Which of the following did he most likely take?

a. HCTZ
b. Chlorthalidone
c. Metolazone
d. Furosemide
e. Entresto

A

d. Furosemide

61
Q

This drug is used in hypertensive emergencies.

a. Nitroprusside
b. Amlodipine
c. metoprolol
d. HCTZ
e. Furosemide

A

a. Nitroprusside

62
Q

If a patient overdoses on a DOAC what is the reversal agent?

a. Recombinant Factor Xa (Andexxa)
b. Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
c. PCC (Kcentra)
d. Protamine
e. Phytonadione

A

a. Recombinant Factor Xa (Andexxa)

63
Q

A patient on digoxin is at an increased risk of toxicity in which of the following situations?

a. dehydration
b. hyponatremia
c. hypokalemia and/or low magnesium
d. hyperkalemia

A

c. hypokalemia and/or low magnesium

64
Q

Which of the following drugs is FDA approved for treating benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH)?

a. Prazosin (Minipress)
b. Clonidine (Catapres)
c. Tamsulosin (Flomax)
d. Methyldopa (Aldomet)
e. Reserpine

A

c. Tamsulosin (Flomax)

65
Q

Which of the following drugs is indicated for treatment of hypertension and tachycardia?

a. Prazosin (Minipress)
b. Metoprolol
c. Tamsulosin (Flomax)
d. Methyldopa (Aldomet)
e. Reserpine

A

b. Metoprolol

66
Q

A patient with newly diagnosed HF begins taking this drug, which is a mixture of a ARB and a peptidase inhibitor. Which of the following did he most likely take?

a. HCTZ
b. Chlorthalidone
c. Metolazone
d. Furosemide
e. Entresto

A

e. Entresto

67
Q

A patient with IBS and constipation begins taking a medication that stimulates the CFTR receptor in the GI tract.

a. docusate
b. psyllium
c. metoclopramide
d. Linaclotide
e. Tegaserod

A

d. Linaclotide

68
Q

Which of the following drugs is most likely to result in reflex tachycardia?

a. HCTZ
b. Amlodipine
c. metoprolol
d. Hydralazine
e. Furosemide

A

d. Hydralazine

69
Q

A patient with hypertension is currently on an ACE inhibitor. Which of the following medications is indicated to balance potassium levels?

a. Furosemide
b. Losartan
c. Amlodipine
d. HCTZ
e. Spironolactone (Aldactone)

A

d. HCTZ

70
Q

A patient with GERD is told he can no longer take this antacid medication d/t it being removed from the market as a result of the possibility of NMDA formation. Which of the following medication are we referring to?

a. Ranitidine
b. Sucralfate
c. Misoprostol
d. Cimetidine
e. Omeprazole

A

a. Ranitidine

71
Q

A patient with newly diagnosed hypertension begins taking a medication that resulted in peripheral edema. Which of the following did he most likely take?

a. Lisinopril
b. Losartan
c. Amlodipine
d. HCTZ
e. Spironolactone (Aldactone)

A

c. Amlodipine

72
Q

This antiplatelet drug has a delayed onset of action as a result of it being a pro-drug.

a. Aspirin
b. Clopidogrel (Plavix)
c. Vorapaxar (Zontivity)
d. Dipyrimadole (Persantine)
e. Tirofiban (Aggrestat)

A

b. Clopidogrel (Plavix)

73
Q

A patient with hypertension is on an ACE + spironolactone. Which of the following metabolites should be monitored?

a. sodium
b. chloride
c. potassium
d. iron

A

c. potassium

74
Q

This antiplatelet drug has been commonly used in procedures involving imaging the heart. This drug also has the lowest bleeding risk of all the antiplatelet drugs.

a. Aspirin
b. Clopidogrel (Plavix)
c. Vorapaxar (Zontivity)
d. Dipyrimadole (Persantine)
e. Tirofiban (Aggrestat)

A

d. Dipyrimadole (Persantine)

75
Q

A patient with hypertension on Lisinopril has achieved his target blood pressure goal however he is hypokalemic. Which of the following medications is indicated to prevent potassium loss?

a. Lisinopril
b. Losartan
c. Triamterene
d. HCTZ
e. Furosemide

A

c. Triamterene

“used to prevent K+ loss in patient in which his BP is already where you want it to be”

76
Q

A 28 year old female with hypertension is now pregnant. She was on an ACE inhibitor. Which of the following medications should she transition to?

a. Prazosin (Minipress)
b. Metoprolol
c. Tamsulosin (Flomax)
d. Methyldopa (Aldomet)
e. Reserpine

A

d. Methyldopa (Aldomet)

77
Q

This anticoagulant agent directly inhibits factor Xa.

a. Rivaroxaban
b. Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
c. Fondaparinux (Arixta)
d. Bivalirudin (Angiomax)
e. Warfarin

A

a. Rivaroxaban

* Apixaban also a Factor Xa inhibitor

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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