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Embryology/Histology Exam 1 > Exam Questions > Flashcards

Exam Questions Flashcards

1
Q

cartilage of the 2nd pharyngeal arch

A

reicherts

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2
Q

structures from which the tongue muscles arise

A

occipital somites

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3
Q

Summarize the 6 main functions of inner dental epithelium through its life cycle

A
  1. MORPHOGENESIS - establish crown pattern
  2. HISTODIFFERENTIATION - differentiates into ameloblasts
  3. Active secretion of enamel matrix, wherein they develop TOME’S PROCESSES
  4. Short translational phase leading to MATURATION PHASE
  5. exhibit MODULATION - ruffle ended cells allow incorporation of inorganic material, smooth ended cells allow exit of proteins and water
  6. PROTECTIVE PHASE - newly formed enamel is protected until it erupts
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4
Q

period comprising weeks 1-8 of prenatal development

A

embryo

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5
Q

origin of spinal ganglia

A

neural crest cells

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6
Q

palate that appears before head lifts away from thorax

A

primary

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7
Q

carotid artery supplying face before week 7

A

internal

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8
Q

Summarize mineralization (3)

A
  1. Cells secrete enamel proteins that immediately participate in mineralization to generate enamel that is 30% MINERALIZED
  2. Once enamel thickness is formed and structured, it acquires a lot more mineral coincident with bulk removal of enamel proteins and water to form a unique layer that is 95% MINERAL
  3. Step #2 is under complex CELLULAR CONTROL and associated morphological changes include MODULATION
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9
Q

located at the tail end

A

caudal

“cauda equina”

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10
Q

type of mesoderm from which trunk muscles develop

A

paraxial mesoderm

Also:
muscles of entire body
bones of most of body (not head)
dermis
pharyngeal arches
CT
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11
Q

Reciprocal induction

A

At the beginning of hard tissue formation (APPOSITION - deposition of hard tissue)

for dentinogenesis and amelogenesis to take place normally, differentiating odontoblasts and ameloblats will recieve signals from eachother

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12
Q

membrane separating mouth and pharynx

A

buccopharyngeal membrane

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13
Q

period comprising weeks 9-40 of prenatal development

A

fetus

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14
Q

nerve supplying muscles of tongue

A

hypoglossal

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15
Q

Where are Tome’s processes located

A

At the apical end of ameloblasts

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16
Q

portion of adrenal gland derived from lateral plate mesoderm

A

cortex

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17
Q

muscles performing this task are derived from the first pharyngeal arch

A

mastication

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18
Q

signaling structure formed in week 2 of development

A

notochord

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19
Q

pituitary lobe derived from the floor of the developing brain (neuroectoderm)

A

posterior

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20
Q

nerve supplying the PA from which the muscles of facial expression are derived

A

facial

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21
Q

Segments of hindbrain

A

rhombomeres

“rhombus”

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22
Q

pituitary lobe derived from oral ectoderm

A

anterior

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23
Q

solid ball of cells

A

morula

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24
Q

type of mesoderm from which urogenital system develops

A

intermediate

*The only thing intermediate mesoderm turns into

25
Q

intermediate structure which deveops into the mucosa of the posterior ⅓ tongue

A

hypopharyngeal eminence

26
Q

neural crest cells adj to rhombomere 8 migrate to this pharyngeal arch

A

four

27
Q

a place where two bones are fused/connected by an immovable joint

A

symphysis

28
Q

pair of parathyroid glands derived from the third pharyngeal pouch

A

inferior parathyroid

also thymus

29
Q

process by which all 3 germ layers are formed

A

gastrulation

30
Q

secondary cartilage of mandible that remains present until late teens, and is important for mandibular growth

A

condylar

31
Q

ear bone fromed from meckel’s cartilage

A

incus

malleus

32
Q

muscles developing from the first pharyngeal arch

A

mastication
(temporal, masseter, medial/lateral pterygoids)

Also:
mylohyoid
anterior digastric
tensor tympani
tensor veli palatini
33
Q

intermediate structures which develop into most of the mucosa of the anterior ⅔ tongue

A

lingual swellings

34
Q

portion of upper lip formed by the fusion of the maxillary process and medial nasal process

A

lateral

35
Q

transient, short lived structure derived from second pharyngeal arch

A

copula

36
Q

cartilage of 1st pharyngeal arch

A

meckel’s

37
Q

future mouth

A

stomatodeum

“stoma”

38
Q

Rod sheath

A

Organic sheath between rod and interrod enamel - accumulation of organic matrix

39
Q

layer in bilaminar disk that sits under epiblast

A

hypoblast

40
Q

palate that completes its formation after the head lifts away from the thorax

A

secondary

41
Q

contains embryoblast, trophoblast, and primary yolk sac

A

blastocyst

42
Q

type of mesoderm from which the heart develops

A

lateral plate mesoderm

heart, blood, lymph, spleen, adrenal cortex, CT, serous membranes, pharyngeal arches

43
Q

foramen from which thyroid begins its descent into the neck

A

cecum

44
Q

nerve supplying small, dorsal part of the mucosa of the posterior ⅓ tongue

A

vagus

45
Q

In the morphogenetic part of the presecretory phase of amelogenesis, what 4 things are of note?

A
  1. cells change from cuboidal to low columnar
  2. nucleaus moves centrally
  3. poorly defined golgi
  4. CELLS CAN STILL DIVIDE
46
Q

secondary cartilage aiding growth of maxilla

A

zygomatic

47
Q

process which fuse to form the middle portion of the upper lip

A

medial nasal processes

48
Q

process by which the mandible and maxilla develop

A

intramembranous ossification

49
Q

nerve supplying most of the mucosa of the posterior ⅓ of tongue

A

glossopharyngeal

50
Q

skin derived from this germ cell layer

A

ectoderm

Also:
hair, nails, mammary glands, anterior pituitary, lens of eye, inner ear, ENAMEL

51
Q

source of all 3 germ layers

A

epiblast

52
Q

secondary cartilage of mandible that appears at anterior ends of mecke’s cartilage and disappears in first year of life

A

symphysial

53
Q

carotid artery supplying face after week 7

A

external

54
Q

mesoderm units adjacent to future spinal cord

A

somites

mite = might = lift with your BACK

55
Q

mesoderm units in head and neck region

A

somatomeres

“somatosensory”
“soma” = brain of a cell

56
Q

located at the head end

A

rostral

57
Q

does meckels cartilage turn into the mandible

A

no

58
Q

1 of 2 processes developing from the first pharyngeal arch

A

maxillary and mandibular processes

59
Q

secondary cartilage of mandible that doesn’t do much and disappears before birth

A

coronoid

Embryology/Histology Exam 1 (2 decks)

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