Exam questions Flashcards
What did Cohen (2000) form?
The main effect model
This shows how social influence, services and information can help promote health behaviours and in turn, battle physical and psychiatric disease
What does Turner-Cobb & Steptoe (1998) research show?
- Life events and social support interacted in predicting the occurrence of infection in children aged 5-16
- impact of life stress on vulnerability to infectious illness in children is moderated by psychological coping and social resources, and that different psychosocial factors influence the occurrence and duration of infections.
What did the Whitehall studies show?
18,000 British civil servants - showed that men of the lowest socioeconomic status (e.g. messengers) had a mortality rate 3 times higher than those of the highest status (e.g. administrators)
State a study using CBSM
Cruess & Antoni (2000) used a CBSM intervention for 10 weeks on women entering stages 1 and 2 of breast cancer. Found that the intervention successfully reduced serum cortisol levels, and the control group showed no change
State a study using mindfulness
Haller (2017) used MBSR intervention, a meta analysis of 10 studies was used. It found that the therapy was useful in reducing anxiety, sleep stress and depression – but the effectiveness was only found to be short term
What is a study which looks at social support in relation to maternal cancer? What did it show?
Rodriguez (2018) showed that social support moderates the relationship between perceived stress and a positive adjustment for adolescents who’s mothers are diagnosed with cancer
What are 4 techniques needing to be spoke about in a PA answer?
Social influence/networks
Interventions e.g. point-of-decision prompts, education, campaigns
Motivational interviewing
Self-monitoring apps
State 2 studies looking at social influence as a method to increase PA
Zhang (2016) shows how this can be more effective than traditional media messages and also works well on student populations
Cavalo (2012) shows that encouraging emails and social support from FB groups can be effective, but this is only short-term
State 2 studies looking at interventions as a method to increase PA
Muller (2013) point-of-decision motivational posters increased stair use in Berlin underground stations
Kahn (2002) shows that community wide campaigns and school-based physical education programmes can be useful in low SES populations
State 2 studies looking at self-monitoring apps as a method to increase PA
Turner (2013) people who used the app in the 6 month period reported more frequent exercise, with higher intent to exercise and a lower BMI at the end of the 6 months
Michie (2009) apps are twice as effective when used with goal setting features and reviewing feedback
State 2 studies looking at motivational interviewing as a method to increase PA
O’Hallaran (2014) when adding this in with other care methods, it can be effective in populations with chronic health illness
Armstrong (2011) able to reduce weight and BMI in obese and overweight populations
State 3 similarities of TPB and TRA
Provides a role for society
Both focus on attitude as a behaviour predictor
Both reductionist
State 3 differences between TRA and TPB
TPB an extension
TPB has a role for wider environment (culture. physical)
Different explanations for behaviour (Bandura explanation)
State research suggesting TRA and TPB consider a role in society
McCarthy (2004) found that poultry consumption: 74% of variance explained by attitudes and 15% by subjective norms
Astrom & Rice (2001) fruit and vegetable intake predicted by attitudes, subjective norms and PBC
State research suggesting TRA and TPB are reductionist
Connor & Armitage (2005) other predictors found include moral norms, past behaviours/habits and self-identity
Berg (2000) examined bread and milk choice in 1000 Swedish children - a considerable impact of descriptive norms was found, not a factor of either model
