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Chemistry C-1 > Exam Questions > Flashcards

Exam Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

Give a reason why the carbon compounds produced are different

A

Incomplete combustion

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2
Q

Why is sulfur dioxide produced in a petrol engine?

A

Sulfur impurities react with oxygen in the air

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3
Q

Many scientists are concerned about the carbon dioxide released from burning fossil fuels such as petrol

A

Because CO2 causes global warming and sea level rises causes flooding

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4
Q

Why does the government and people often ignore scientists’ predictions of an earthquake?

A

Not to cause panic and worry
Not much they can do
Not always right, exact time or how severe

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5
Q

What is Wegener mean by continental drift?

A

All continents started together over time they have slowly mover apart and still are

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6
Q

The atomic umber of an atom is the number of….

A

Protons

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7
Q

The mass number an atom is the number of ….

A

Protons and neutrons the nucleus

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8
Q

Titanium is more expensive than iron, why?

A

More stages

More energy required to extract

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9
Q

The air is removed from Reactor 2. An atmosphere of argon is used for the reaction between titanium chloride and magnesium metal, why?

A

Argon is un reactive

If it was air then oxygen would react with the magnesium

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10
Q

Steps for fractional distillation

A

The crude oil is heated to 350oC
Most of the compounds I. The Crüe oil evaporate
Any liquids flow down to the boot, of the column and the hot vapour ride up the column
When the hot vapour rise up the colum, the vapours cool
When a fraction in the vapour cools to its boiling point, the fraction condenses
The condensed fraction is separated and flows out through a pipe

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11
Q

Name two substances produced when poly(ethene) burns in the air

A

Carbon dioxide

Water

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12
Q

What is always given of in complete combustion?

A

Carbon dioxide

Water

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13
Q

Why has the percentage of CO2 decrease in the Earth’s early atmospher?

A

Plants photosynthesis

Dissolved in oceans

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14
Q

Miller and Urey used methane, ammonia and hydrogen for the Earth’s early atmospher, why?

A

The gases contain the elements which are needed for making amino acids

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15
Q

Miller and Urey’s experiment provides only weak evidence of how amino acids formed on earth, why?

A

It was an assumption, not now for a fact

Don’t know there was defiantly lightning

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16
Q

Calcium reacts with … To produce calcium carbonate

A

Water

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17
Q

Calcium hydroxide reacts with … to produce calcium carbonate

A

CO2

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18
Q

Buildings made of limestone are affected b the products from burning fossil fuels containing sulfur, why?

A

Sulfur reacts with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide
Acid rain produces from sulfur dioxide
Erodes buildings

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19
Q

Why may a gold ring not be made of 100% gold?

A

To soft

To expensive

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20
Q

Carbon dioxide is one if the main gases in the mixture of gases coming out of th kiln, why?

A

CO2 from limestone when combustion

Methane when burned produces CO2

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21
Q

What is he orientate of nitrogen in the air?

A

78%

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22
Q

Why does the mixture in the simple salad dressing separate?

A

They are immiscible

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23
Q

Mustard in the french salad dressing gasps molecules with hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.
Explain why the french salad (contain olive oil and visiter) does not separate

A

Mustard is an emulsifier
Head - hydrophilic
Tail - hydrophobic

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24
Q

What is the test for unsaturated fats?

A

Bromide water

Orange to colourless if unsaturated

25
Q

How do you harden vegetable oil?

A

Nickel catalyst used
Hydrogen reacts with the olive oil
Reaction at 60oC

26
Q

In an equation of cracking hydrocarbons what do you always have to give?

A

C4H10

27
Q

What is seen when sugar solution and yeast are fermented?

A

Fizzing

28
Q

Why does aluminium react with iron oxide?

A

Because it is more reactive than iron so displacement takes place

29
Q

Copper is extracted from ores containing a low percentage of copper compounds, why?

A

Very little of high grade ores

High demand

30
Q

Why is it difficult to dispose of waste rock?

A

Waste rock takes a lot of space

31
Q

Why is the extraction of pure copper expensive?

A

Large amounts of one ore to be mined

Many extraction stages

32
Q

What is used in phytomining to remove copper compounds from the land?

A

Plants are used to absorbed the copper compounds and are later burnt

33
Q

What type of reaction releases energy from a fuel

A

Exothermic

34
Q

Ways of make alcohol from plants and their pros and cons

A

Fermented
Plants (with sugar like sugar canes) + yeast —————> alcohol
Pros: renewable
Cons: long, takes up land

                        High temperature  Steam + ethene ----------------------------> alcohol Pros: less energy Cons: ethene = crude oil which is unrenewable, high temp needed so more energy
35
Q

Why are new ways if extracting copper being researched?

A

Low high grade ore

Reduce environmental impact

36
Q

3 ways to produce copper metals from its compound

A

Smelting (bio leaching + photosynthesis)
Reduction
Electrolysis

37
Q

Properties of transition metals

A

Strong
Malleable
Good conducted

38
Q

Problem with poor metals e.g gold

A

Too soft

39
Q

Properties of aluminium

A

Malleable
Not corrosive
Low density

40
Q

Properties titanium

A

Many stages
Low high grade ores
Large amount of energy
Cannot be extracted by carbon

41
Q

Why should we recycle iron or steel?

A

Reduce energy
Less expensive
Reduce waste

42
Q

Methods of smelting:

A

Bioleaching

Photomining

43
Q

Two fuels which are rentable

A

Ethanol

Biodiesel

44
Q

When alkanes are burnt what do they give of?

A

Burns to produce carbon and water

45
Q

What does complete combustion of ethanol produce?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

46
Q

What is released when hydrogen and oxygen is released?

A

Only produces water

47
Q

Give two reasons why fraction from crude oil are cracked

A

More uses as fuels

To make alkenes

48
Q

What is ethanol

A

Type of alcohol same two ways to produce alcohol

49
Q

Suggest three ways of reducing the problems of plastic rubbish

A

Adding cornstarch
Biodegradable polymers
Recycle

50
Q

What type of fuels are produced from vegetable oils?

A

Biofuels

51
Q

Outline a method you could use to separate some oil from seeds

A

Crush seeds
Press seeds
Collect liquid
Separate oil from water

52
Q

Reaction of hydrate vegetable oils

A

Hydrogen
60oC
Nickel catalyst

53
Q

Process of photomining

A

Some plants absorb copper compounds through their roots. They concentrate these compounds as a result of this. The plants can be burned to produce an ash that contains the copper compounds. This method of extraction is called phytomining.

54
Q

What is the process of bioleaching?

A

Some bacteria absorb copper compounds. They then produce solutions called leachates, which contain copper compounds. This method of extraction is called bioleaching.

55
Q

What is smelting?

A

Copper can be extracted from these ores by heating them in a furnace, a process called smelting

56
Q

Blast furnace:

A

To make iron
Iron oxide + carbon —–> iron + carbon dioxide
Or
Iron oxide + carbon monoxide —> iron + carbon dioxide

57
Q

What is hydrophilic?

A

Head

Loves water

58
Q

What is hydrophobic

A

Tail

Hates water

Chemistry C-1 (11 decks)

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