Exam Questions Flashcards
What is in the upper and lower respiration system?
Lower=trachea, bronchi/bronchioles, alveoli (air sacs), larynx, pleural membranes. Upper= nasal passages, pharynx
3 major parts of a neuron
cell body, dendrites, axons
2 major organs of central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
2 disorders of nervous system
trauma (concussion) and infections (Rabies)
Appropriate function to appropriate brain region
forebrain (emotions and conscious thought) midbrain (vision and hearing) hindbrain (movement and automatic functions)
Pathogen
Pathogens are disease causing agents and they include bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, worms, and prions
Virulence
how much damage is caused by the infection (highly virulent= serious illness)
Transmissibility
how readily a pathogen is passed from person to person; high transmissibility = spreads readily
Mode of transmission
how it is passed to people (respiratory, oral, bodily fluids, direct contact)
Where each part of the lymphatic system is
lymph nodes are located along lymphatic vessels, spleen is located in upper left abdominal cavity (largest lymphatic organ), thymus gland is located behind sternum above the heart, tonsil are found in the throat, adenoids are located back of nasal passages.
1,2,3 lines of defense
1st line of defense= physical or chemical barriers that block entry(skin, tears/saliva, mucus & stomach) 2nd=Nonspecific defenses (Phagocytosis, Inflammation, Fever response) 3rd= Immune Response (recognizes and targets specific pathogens and foreign substances, has “memory”, and “remembers initial exposure and responds more quickly and aggressively on subsequent exposures)
List 2 main problems in difficulty breathing in a person with asthma
bronchospasm and inflammation
Types of medications for asthma
Inhaled steroids, Short-acting B-agonists, Long-acting B-agonists & combination medicines
Action potential
In all cells, including neurons, the sodium-potassium pump transports three sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell for every two potassium ions (K+) transported in. the sodium-potassium pump removes both an osmotic particle and a positive charge from the cell at the same time. As a result of the activity of the sodium-potassium pumps and also the presence of negatively charged protein molecules trapped within the cell, the cell cytoplasm has a slight excess of negative charge compared to the intersti-tial fluid.
List ways nervous system is protected
bone, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, blood-brain barrier
