Exam Questions Flashcards
1
Q
A malignant tumor may spread to distant parts of the body through local invasion, true or false?
A
False
2
Q
Sedating a patient for his or her treatment without a doctor’s order is an example of:
A
False imprisonment
3
Q
Harmful touching of another person is
A
Battery
4
Q
At least how much bone marrow must be within a radiation treatment field for bone marrow depression to occur?
A
25%
5
Q
Can an animal be considered a vector?
A
Yes
6
Q
a vector is:
A
a living organism that can transmit an infectious agent
7
Q
What is the most common type of nosocomial infection?
A
Bladder infection
8
Q
Which of the following is not a reservoir of infection: Patient, healthcare worker, protozoa, water?
A
Protozoa
9
Q
What is needed for indirect contact to occur? 1. Vector 2. Vehicle 3. Droplets 4. Fomites
A
1,2,3,&4
10
Q
Influenza spreads mainly through which method of transmission?
A
Droplet
11
Q
Tuberculosis is transmitted through which method?
A
Airborne
12
Q
Severe reaction to anaphylactic shock
A
Cardiac arrest
13
Q
Which of the following are NOT sterile areas in a surgical room? From the waist down, the waist up, persons front, persons back
A
Waist down, persons back
14
Q
What PPE should be put on first?
A
Gown
15
Q
What PPE should be put on last
A
Gloves
16
Q
What PPE should be removed first
A
Gloves
17
Q
What PPE should be removed last
A
Mask
18
Q
Tumor marker test for testicular cancers
A
HCG
19
Q
What is an example of a vector? Contaminated table or a fly
A
A fly
20
Q
What is an example of a fomite?
A
Contaminated eye shield
21
Q
Stage of an ARS when patient experiences nausea and vomiting
A
Prodromal
22
Q
Stage of an ARS when the patient experiences no symptoms is
A
Latent
23
Q
First link in the chain of infection
A
Infectious agent
24
Q
1 Gray is equal to how many Sievert
A
1
25
Interaction that occurs when an incoming electron is slowed and changes direction near the nucleus is known as:
Bremsstrahlung
26
Maximum allowed cumulative exposure to a 30-year-old radiation therapist
30 rem
27
Interaction that occurs between photon and atomic nucleus
Pair production
28
Measurement of ionization in air is referred to as:
exposure
29
Picket fence tests
MLC's
30
Pancreatic tumor most commonly arise in the
Head
31
Geiger Muler Detector is most likely to be used for:
Radiation Contamination
32
Max dose to lens of eye to someone who does NOT work in radiation oncology
1.5 rem
33
Maximum annual dose permitted to the hands of a physicist who handles radioactive materials
500 mSv
34
Pharynx from sup to inf:
Naso, Oro, Hypo
35
common site for lung cancer mets
bone, brain
36
one of the most radiosensitive organs
lung
37
Mayneord F Factor is a correction for which of the following
Distance
38
Spinal cord ends at
L2
39
Most common location for distant mets of sarcomas
Lung
40
Most aggressive skin cancer
Melanoma
41
Find therapeutic range of electrons, divide the energy by
4.0
42
PDD has a direct relationship with 1. Energy 2. Depth 3. Field Size 4. SSD
1, 3. & 4
43
Most radioresistant cell cycle phase
S
44
Most radiosensitive cell cycle phase
M
45
TD 5/5 for Whole Brain
4500 cGy
46
In relation to the glottis, the false vocal cords are located:
Superior
47
Depth of dose equilibrium is most dependent on
Beam energy
48
Photon interaction most likely to occur during kV imaging
Photoelectric effect
49
Where are the adenoids located
Nasopharynx
50
Tonsillar lymph nodes surrounding the naso and oropharynx are known as:
Waldeyers ring
51
Most radioresistant structure when irradiation entire organ
Small Intestine
52
Tolerance dose when irradiating the whole kidney
2300 cGy
53
Which lung cancer has higher incidence of met spread?
small cell
54
Material used for OSL's
Aluminum oxide
55
Treatment volume that encompasses the tumor and microscopic disease
CTV
56
Which isodose curve is used to define the physical radiation field for a 15 MV beam
50%
57
X-ray interaction in which the photons energy is completed absorbed is
Photoelectric
58
Predominant photon interaction during port imaging
Compton Scattering
59
To preserve skin sparing properties of the MV photon beams, the compensator must be placed at least _____ from the skin
15-20 cm
60
Cerrobend has a lower melting point than lead
True
61
Cerrobend blocks are thicker than lead
True
62
Allowable transmission of lead and cerrobend is
<5%
63
Palpable or visible extent of the tumor is referred to as:
Gross Tumor Volume
64
Procedure that removes skin cancers one layer at a time is called:
Moh's Surgery
65
Back scatter has a direct relationship with:
Field size
66
Correct definition of an excisional biopsy
Removal of the entire tumor
67
If a partial arc is utilized for a tx and the tumor is located 8 cm below skin surface, where should the beam be aimed?
Distal to the tumor
68
The probability of bremsstrahlung production:
Increases with atomic number
69
What is the tolerance for the daily check of linac output constancy?
3%
70
Which of the following photon beam energies have the most desirable skin-sparing effect?
25 MV
71
A Sievert (Sv) is ___?
The SI unit of dose equivalent
72
If the planned distance is 100 cm but the ODI on the patient reads 101.5 cm, what is the error?
An underdose of 3% - use D2/D1^2
73
Which of the following basic methods of protection is the most efficient way to increase protection from radiation?
Distance
74
Radiation therapist control room is considered a:
Restricted Area
75
Employees must be monitored for radiation exposure when they are expected to receive more than _____ of the effective dose equivalent.
10%
76
The spectrum of different shades of gray or contrast on a CT image is:
Window width
77
The average or median of all the shades of gray on a CT image is:
Window level
78
Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons are called:
Isotope
79
Atoms with the same number of neutrons but different number of protons are called:
Isotone
80
The brachytherapy application method in which the radioactive source is placed within a body tube is:
Interluminal
81
The power source for the waveguide is:
Modulator
82
The part of the linear accelerator that amplifies microwaves is:
Klystron
83
The source of electrons in a linear accelerator:
Electron gun
84
Frequency and wavelength is inversely proportional.
True
85
Which of the following has the highest quality factor?
Alpha Particles
86
OER in human cells is:
2.5-3
87
The point on a dose-response relationship graph that represents the cells capability to repair:
Dq
88
The point on a dose-response relationship graph that shows the cells radiosensitivity:
Do
89
The radiation unit that expresses the amount of radiation absorbed by a person is:
Rem
90
Which radiation instrument is used to check the linac's beam output daily?
Diode
91
Which radiation instrument is used to calibrate ion chambers in a linac?
Thimble Chambers
92
What is the main difference between gamma rays and x-rays?
Origin
93
Atoms that have the same number of protons, but differ in number of neutrons is referred to as a(an):
Isotope
94
Atoms that have the same atomic number and mass, but differ in the energy state is referred to as a(an:
Isomer
95
Threatening a patient is an example of:
Assault
96
Harmful touching of another person is:
Battery
97
Which PPE should be removed last?
Mask
98
Which of the following imaging types can be used for image guidance biopsies?
US, MRI, CT
99
Which type of contrast media is most commonly used in magnetic resonance imaging?
Gadolinium
100
What should be done if a person experiences a seizure in the radiation oncology department?
Clear the area around them of any potential hazards
101
What is the appropriate response for a radiation therapist when a patient shows signs of a diabetic reaction?
Call for medical assistance
102
What is the recommended rate of chest compressions per minute during CPR?
100-120 compressions per minute
103
All of the following can affect absorbed dose EXCEPT:
Air temperature
104
When setting up a patient, the PSA malfunctions and the couch vertical continues to rise without the RTT controlling it. The first step is to:
Hit emergency off button
105
The useful range in tissue of a 10 MeV electron beam is:
5 cm
106
When calculating for shielding for the linear area control room, which is directly monitored by the radiation safety officer, it should be limited to an exposure of:
0.1 msV/week
107
For proper body mechanics, the center of gravity at the _______ when standing.
Pelvis
108
The most appropriate sign to hang outside of a patient's hospital room while receiving an LDR treatment is:
Caution: Radioactive Materials
109
Vital signs are: 1. Pulse 2. Respirations 3. Temperature 4. Blood Pressure
1,2,3,4
110
Which of the following is known to cause pulmonary toxicity?
Bleomycin
111
The volume created to include microscopic disease is:
CTV
112
What is the SI unit for dose equivalent?
Sievert
113
Which of the following defines a Sievert (Sv)
The SI unit of dose equivalent
114
The cells ability to repair is represented as _____ on a dose-response relationship graph.
Dq
115
What is the therapeutic ratio if the normal tissue tolerance is 10 Gy and the lethal tumor dose is 8 Gy?
1.25
116
The most common location for hematogenous spread of the pancreas is:
Liver
117
MLCs: 1. High atomic number materials 2. Can move independently 3. Provide conformal shaping 4. Acceptable transmission is 5%
1,2,3
118
Which type of radiation has two protons and two neutrons, is released from an unstable heavy nuclei, and has a high LET?
Alpha Particles
119
Leukemia in which the stem cells contain the Philadelphia chromosome:
CML
120
Cerrobend melting point
165 degrees
121
A common staging system used for cancers in the rectum:
Dukes
122
The photon interaction with an outer shell electron that does not affect the photon's energy is:
Coherent
123
Tumors in the esophagus typically have histology of:
Adeno
124
The machine that operates at an energy range of 150-500 kV is known as:
Orthovoltage
125
With the collimator at 0, the Y jaw will represent:
Superior & inferior treatment borders
126
X jaw will represent:
Lateral tx borders
127
Which type of radiation penetrates the LEAST in human tissue?
Alpha
128
Beta Particles have a quality factor of:
1
129
Areas that are restricted to 0.02 mSv/week are called:
1. Restricted areas
2. Unrestricted areas
3. Controlled areas
4. Uncontrolled areas
2 and 4
130
The major difference between x-rays and gamma rays is:
Source
131
The most sensitive critical structure to take into consideration when planning for a lung tumor is:
Contralateral lung
132
The hinge angle of parallel opposed fields is:
180 degrees
133
A bone marrow transplant from a sibling is known as:
Allogenic
134
To create a more homogenous dose distribution when treating with paired fields with a hinge angle less than 180 degrees, we should use a:
Wedge, not compensator
135
Decreases skin sparing:
1. Bolus
2. Wedge
3. Compensator
4. Beam spoiler
1, 4
136
The main purpose of gaps when treating CSI is to avoid hotspots to this organ at risk:
Spinal Cord
137
Aside from collimating jaws, scatter also occurs with:
Flattening filter
138
What is the minimum testing frequency for leaf position accuracy?
Monthly
139
What is the tolerance for daily photon output constancy?
3%
140
What is the dmax for a 9 MeV beam?
2.2 cm
141
Which of the following is NOT a phase of CML: Blastic, Chronic, Accelerated, Latent
latent
142
After a total dose of 3200 cGy to the parotid, the effect would be:
Xerostomia
143
When electrons are used for treatment, what is not being used by the linear accelerator? (choose all that apply)
Flattening filter
target
144
The intensity of a radiation beam is 150 cGy/min at a distance of 100 cm. What is the intensity of this beam at 105 cm?
Inverse square law: 150/x= (105/100)^2 x=136 cGy/min
145
A ring badge worn by a physicist handling radioactive sources is a type of:
TLD
146
What is the maximum dose permitted to the lens of the eye to someone who does NOT work in radiation oncology or radiology?
1.5 rem
147
The gantry angle indicator on the linac tolerance is within _____ degrees.
1 degree
148
Which of the following is NOT a common site for lung cancer metastasis?
pancreas
149
Distant spread of the lungs can occur to the:
liver, brain, bones, bone marrow, adrenal glands, and/or kidneys.
150
29. The oral cavity anatomy includes the:
lips, buccal mucosa, teeth, gums, alveolar ridge, anterior or front 2/3 of the tongue, floor of mouth below the tongue, hard palate, and the retromolar trigone.
151
The base of the tongue is located in the:
oropharynx
152
Epinephrine is produced by what organ?
adrenals
153
The Mayneord's F factor is a correction for which of the following:
Distance
154
The point which the gantry, collimator, and couch rotate around is called:
isocenter
155
To find the therapeutic range of electrons, divide the energy by:
4.0
156
PDD has a direct relationship with:
energy, field size, SSD
157
What is the therapeutic ratio if the lethal tumor dose is 5500cGy and the normal tissue tolerance is 6500 cGy?
6500/5500 = 1.18
158
What is the tolerance dose (TD 5/5) for the whole brain defined by Emami et. al.
4500 cGY
159
Largest gland in the human body is:
Liver
160
In relation to the glottis, the false vocal cords are located:
Superior
161
We will be treating an AP/PA spine at midplane. A patient has a separation of 32 cm. What is the field size on the skin surface if the field size measures 6x10cm at 100 SAD?
FS1/SSD1 = FS2/SSD2
5x8.4
162
Which type of photon interaction is most likely to occur during kV imaging?
Photoelectric Effect
163
A patient was accidentally treated at 90 cm SSD instead of 100 cm. The prescribed dose was 2.5 Gy. What did the patient actually receive?
Inverse Square Law
I1/I2 = (D2/D1)^2
x/2.5= (100/90)^2
x=3.09 cGy
164
A treatment of 152 monitor units requires that a blocking tray factor of 0.942 be included in the calculation. What should the monitor units be if the tray is added to the treatment?
152/.942
=161 MU
165
Which type of radiation travels the furthest through matter?
x-rays
166
The physical radiation field is defined by the:
50% isodose line regardless of beam energy.
167
The x-ray interaction in which the photon's energy is completely absorbed is:
Photoelectric
168
Calculate the monitor units to deliver 200 cGy to the 90% isodose line using 12 MeV electrons at 100 SSD & the cutout factor is 0.787
MU calculation: 200/(0.9 x 0.787) = 282 MU
169
The predominant photon interaction during portal imaging would be:
Compton
170
Which of the following are TRUE about lead & cerrobend?
1. Lead has a lower melting point.
2. Cerrobend has a lower melting point.
3. Lead blocks are thicker.
4. Cerrobend blocks are thicker.
5. Allowable transmission is <0.5%
6. Allowable Transmission is <5%
2, 4 , 6
171
Backscatter has a direct relationship with:
Field size
