Exam Prep

Question 1

Millennium development goal 1?

Answer 1

extreme poverty and hunger.

• reduce the amount of people living on $1 per day
• $1 a day is extreme poverty not necessarily hunger (subsistence farming etc)
• sub Saharan Africa has highest prevalence to undernourishment

Question 2

Millennium development goal 2?

Answer 2

Universal primary education.

• children ages 5-11
• 17% of secondary school aged children attend primary school (2000-2006)

Question 3

Millennium development goal 3?

Answer 3

Gender equality and empowerment.

• Criteria include: women in parliament, employment, female literacy, girls in primary and secondary education.
• adult education run by NGOs not local government
• OECD have highest levels gender equality, Southern Asia has lowest

Question 4

Millennium development goal 4?

Answer 4

Child mortality

• not age specific
• 1960-2005 child mortality has decreased for all groupings
• do not have complete/ fully reliable census data for all locations
• malnutrition was a underlying cause to a number of the leading causes of death in children 5 and under e.g. Diarrhoea (17%)

Question 5

Millennium development goal 5?

Answer 5

Maternal health

• Maternal mortality, births attended
• Sudan’s maternal health highest out of developing countries
• issues with maternal health stem from lack of basic sanitation/ healthcare causing issues such as haemorrhage, sepsis, obstructed labour etc.

Question 6

Millennium development goal 6?

Answer 6

Disease

• often focussed on combatting HIV/AIDS, means less funding on other diseases e.g. Malaria
• Bill and Melinda Gates foundation focus on AIDS rather than malaria as they argued malaria easier to treat and prevent
• 11.8 young people (15-24) living with AIDS
• takes alway strong healthy labour force
• children ages 0-4 vulnerable to malaria
• NGOs working with locals to train in vaccinations

Question 7

Millennium goal 7?

Answer 7

Environmental sustainability

• global warming creating droughts and flooding
• people have access to water but could be from polluted, infected, unsafe sources
• water access cannot be a focal point, safe clean water is key

Question 8

Millennium development goal 8?

Answer 8

Partnership: Aid, Trade and Debt

• each country spends 0.7% of annual GDP on development
• Portugal 0.2%
• Norway 0.93%
• US has ABC campaign (Abstinence, Be faithful, Condom) to prevent HIV, however this can become political and religious
• heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC), up to 40% of a countries budget goes on debt

Question 9

Sustainable development goals?

Answer 9

Now 17 sustainable development goals rather than MDGs

• poverty and hunger are now separate
• changed to eradicate extreme poverty rather than extreme poverty
• new goals are harder to meet