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NUR 231 exam 2 > Exam practice > Flashcards

Exam practice Flashcards

1
Q

diffusion

A

the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the red blood cells

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2
Q

virulence

A

ability to produce disease

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3
Q

incubation period

A

interval between entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of first symptoms

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4
Q

prodromal stage

A

interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms to more specific symptoms

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5
Q

illness stage

A

interval when patient manifest signs and symptoms specific to type of infection

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6
Q

convalescence

A

interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear

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7
Q

skin

A

provides barrier to microorganisms and antibacterial activity

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8
Q

suprainfection

A

develops when braod-spectrum antibiotics eliminate a wide range of normal flora organisms, not just those causing infection

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9
Q

serous

A

clear, like plasma fluid

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10
Q

sanguineous

A

containing blood

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11
Q

puruelent

A

containing WBCs and bacteria, yellow to green

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12
Q

granulation tissue

A

granulation tissue is not as strong as tissue collagen and assumes the form of scar tissue

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13
Q

iatrogenic infections

A

type of HAI from a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure. such as a bronchchoscopy and treatment with broad[spectrum antibiotics increase risk for certain infections

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14
Q

exogenous infection

A

comes from microorganisms found outside the individual

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15
Q

endogenous infection

A

occurs when part of th patients flra becomes altered and an overgrowth results, can happen after broad specturum antibiotic is given

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16
Q

immune senescence

A

age-related immune system decreases

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17
Q

after 70 older adults are more likely to form autoantibodies that

A

attack their own body instead of infections

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18
Q

wound specimen collection

A

clean site with sterile water or saline before wound specimen collected. use cotton-tipped swab or syringe to collect fluid

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19
Q

blood specimen

A

perform a venipuncture at two different sites at two different times, 15 to 30 mins apart, to decrease lilkielhood of both specimens being contaminated with skin flora

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20
Q

stool specimen

A

use a tongue blade to collect a small amount from pts bed pan, do not touch surface of cup when transferring stool

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21
Q

urine specimen

A

use sterile cup to collect 1 to 5 ml of urine

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22
Q

chemical name

A

provides an exact desiption of its composition and molecular structure

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23
Q

generic name

A

example acetaminophen is for Tylenol, becomes the official name for publications

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24
Q

medication classification

A

indicates the effect of the medication on a body system, the symptoms the medication relieves, or its desired effect

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25
Q

beta2-adrenergic

A

used for asthma patients, classification that contains at least eight different medications

26
Q

elixir form

A

clear fluid containing water and or alcohol, often sweetend

27
Q

highly lipid-soluible medications

A

cross cell membranes easily and are absorbed quickly

28
Q

Blood flow effects medication how

A

richer blood flow makes it easier for medication to absorb

29
Q

membrane permeability

A

to be distributed to an organ a medication has to pass thorugh all of the the tissues anbiological membranes of the organe

30
Q

blood-brain barrier only allows

A

fat-soluble medications to pass into the brain and cerebral spinal fluid

31
Q

CNS infections require what type of trement

A

injection of antibiotics directly into the subarachnoid space in the spinal cord

32
Q

albumin effect on medication

A

medications partialy bind to albumin making that part of the chemical not be able to exert is purpse but the parts that are not binded are free. older people have less albumin so they are at more risk for toxicity

33
Q

biotransformation

A

occurs under the influence of enzymes that detoxify and remove biologically active chemicals, most biotranssformations occur in the liver

34
Q

exocrine glands help eliminate what

A

excrete lipid soluble medications

35
Q

therapeutic effect

A

the expected or predicted physiological response to a medication

36
Q

naloxone

A

an opioid antagonist, reverses the effects of opiod toxicity

37
Q

idiosyncratic reaction

A

medications sometimes cause unpredictable effects

38
Q

medication interaction

A

one medication modifies the action of another

39
Q

synergistic effect

A

the combined effect of two medications is greater that he effect of the medications when given separately,

40
Q

Alcohol is synergistic with

A

antihistamines, antidepressants, barbiturates, and narcotic analgesics

41
Q

patient with high bp can take

A

diuretics and vasodilarors that act together to control the blood pressure when one medication is not effective on its own

42
Q

trough level is generally drawn how many minutes before administering the drug

A

30 minutes

43
Q

the peak level is drawn whenever the drug is

A

expected to reach its peak concentration, this varies depending on the medication

44
Q

time critical medications

A

within 30 minutes before or after scheduled administration time

45
Q

non time critical medications are given

A

1 to 2 hours before or after scheduled time

46
Q

parenteral administaration

A

involves injecting a medication into body tissues

47
Q

four major sites of injections

A
  1. intradermal (ID): injection into the dermis just under epidermis
  2. Subcutaneous: injection into tissues just below the dermis of the skin
  3. Intramuscluar
  4. Intravenous
48
Q

polypharmacy

A

happens when a patients takes two or more medications to treat the same illness

49
Q

allopathic medicine

A

conventional western medicine

50
Q

diffusion

A

passive movement of electrolytes or other particles down the concentration gradient

51
Q

reflex incontinence

A

damage to the spinal cord above the sacral reginion, causes loss of voluntary control of urination

52
Q

uremic syndrome

A

an increase in nitrogenous wastes in the blood, marked fluid, and electrolyte abnormalities, nausea, vomiting, headache, coma, and convulsions are all characteristics

53
Q

renal replacement therapies

A

used when the uremc symptoms worsen, need it for survival

54
Q

hyperactive or overactive bladder

A

associated with indivauals of all ages, but older adulsts are more likely to have incontinence associated with it following physical and cognitive decline, occurs from sudden involuntary contraction of the muscles of the urinary bladder

55
Q

sudden contractions of the bladder muscles causing need to void

A

urge incontinec

56
Q

nephrostomy

A

urinary drainage directly from one or both kidneys, tube is placed directly into the renal pelvis

57
Q

three pressure related factors contribute to pressure ulcer develpment

A

pressure intensity, pressure duration, and tissue tolerance

58
Q

risk factors for pressure ulcer development

A

impaired sensory perception, impaired mobility, alteration in level of consciousness, shear, friction, moisture

59
Q

stage I pressure ulcer

A

nonblanchable redness of intact skin,

60
Q

stage II

A

partial thickness skin loss or blister, presents as shiny or dry shallow ulcer without slough or brusing

61
Q

stage III full thickness skin loss

A

subcutaneous fat may be visible but nothing else, slough may begin to be present along with tunneling

62
Q

stage IV full thickness

A

exposed bone, tendon, or muscle, slough or eschar may be present, tunneling is common

NUR 231 exam 2 (4 decks)

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