Exam PPQ's

Question 1

There are at least two differences between the shape of the inverted U for a cognitive and an autonomous stage learner. What are those two differences? (2)
A. Autonomous curve shifts to the left.
B. Autonomous curve shifts to the right.
C. Cognitive curve has a higher peak.
D. Autonomous curve has a higher peak.

Answer 1

B & D
The autonomous curve is further right. This means they need to perform at higher levels of arousal than cognitive stage learners. The autonomous curve also has a higher peak meaning that their best performance is better than the best performance of the cognitive stage learner.

Question 2

What type of learner requires the highest levels of arousal to achieve optimal performance? (1)
A. Autonomous.
B. Cognitive.
C. Novice.
D. Associative.

Answer 2

A - The autonomous stage learner requires the highest level of arousal to perform best.

Question 3

Who was responsible for drive theory? (1)
A. Grimsby.
B. Sheffield.
C. Lincoln.
D. Hull.

Answer 3

D - Hull wrote drive theory.

Question 4

Yerkes and Dodson wrote the inverted U theory. What does "inverted" mean? (1)
A. Circular.
B. Side-by-side.
C. Smooth.
D. Upside down.

Answer 4

D - Inverted means upside down. The upside down U theory.

Question 5

What is the role of the RAS? (1)
A. Create arousal.
B. Control arousal.
C. Decrease arousal
D. Increase arousal.

Answer 5

B - The RAS controls arousal.

Question 6

Which of the following performers requires the highest levels of arousal? (1)
A. Midfielder.
B. Referee.
C. Goalkeeper.
D. Javelin thrower.

Answer 6

D - The athlete with the simplest task needs the highest level of arousal. By simple we mean having a low perceptual load and few decisions. The javelin thrower is a good example.

Question 7

Complete Spence and Spence’s equation. (1)

Performance = Habit Strength x __________

Answer 7

Drive.

Question 8

The RAS controls arousal along two continua. What are they? (1)
A. Repetition.
B. Timing.
C. Intensity.
D. Direction.

Answer 8

C & D - The RAS operates on the direction and the intensity of arousal.

Question 9

What is the RAS?

R________ A_________ S_________

Answer 9

The Reticular Activating System.

Question 10

Which of the following can cause a shift in the inverted U? (2)
Choose three options.
A. Experience Level.
B. Age.
C. Personality.
D. Task Difficulty.
E. Gender.

Answer 10

A, C and D - Task difficulty (complex or simple), experience level and personality can all cause a shift in the inverted U.

Question 11

Introvert and extrovert are types of what? (1)
A. Attitudes.
B. Arousal types.
C. Personalities.
D. Brain features.

Answer 11

C - Introverts and extroverts are types of personality.

Question 12

Match the features of Yerkes and Dodson’s inverted U theory to under and over aroused. (1)

• Hyper vigilance.
• Boredom.

Answer 12

Under aroused = boredom.

Over aroused = hyper vigilance.

Question 13

Which of the following performers requires the lowest levels of arousal? (1)
A. Swimmer.
B. Sprinter.
C. Judo player.
D. Road cyclist.

Answer 13

C - The athlete with the most complex task needs the lowest arousal levels. By complex we mean that the skill has a high perceptual load and many decisions. The judo player is an excellent example.

Question 14

Which theory of arousal includes the possibility of an extreme decline in performance if the athlete goes slightly over their optimal arousal level? (1)

Answer 14

Catastrophe theory.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT directly an effect of arousal? (1)
A. Negative thoughts.
B. Increased muscle tension.
C. Increased breathing frequency.
D. Increased heart rate.

Answer 15

A - Negative thoughts is not directly an effect of arousal. Negative thoughts are more closely related to anxiety.