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P.E Sport Psychology > Arousal > Flashcards

Arousal Flashcards

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1
Q

What is arousal?

A

Arousal is a level of activation or excitation, measuring the wakefulness and alertness from deep sleep to agitation.

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2
Q

What is the RAS?

A

Reticular Activating System.

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3
Q

What does the RAS do?

A

Controls anxiety.

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4
Q

What are the two branches of the RAS?

A

Direction and Intensity.

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5
Q

What is used to control anxiety?

A

The RAS, Reticular Activating System.

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6
Q

Who created Drive Theory?

A

Hull.

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7
Q

What did Hull create?

A

Hull created Drive Theory.

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8
Q

What was Spence and Spence’s equation?

A

Performance level = Habit strength x Drive.

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9
Q

Who created the equation for Performance level?

A

Spence and Spence (1968).

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10
Q

When did Spence and Spence create the equation for performance?

A

1968.

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11
Q

What were evaluation points for Hull’s Drive Theory?

A
  • Simplistic.
  • Doesn’t account for personal differences.
  • Doesn’t account for different activities.
  • Doesn’t account for different levels of learning.
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12
Q

Which theory of arousal is a linear relationship between arousal and performance?

A

Hull’s Drive Theory.

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13
Q

Explain the trend shown in Hull’s Drive Theory:

A

The linear relationship shows higher arousal levels mean higher level of performance.

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14
Q

Who created the Inverted U theory?

A

Yerkes and Dodson.

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15
Q

What are evaluation points for the Inverted U theory?

A
  • Simplistic.
  • Doesn’t account for different activities.
  • Doesn’t account for personality differences.
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16
Q

In the Inverted U theory, what is said to cause under-arousal?

A

They are tending to too much information and their selective attention is lacking.

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17
Q

In the Inverted U theory, what is said to cause over-arousal?

A

They are missing relevant cues which negatively impact performance.

18
Q

How does over-arousal affect performance?

A

It decreases performance.

19
Q

When does the zone of optimal performance occur?

A

At a moderate arousal level.

20
Q

How does the Inverted U shape change for personality differences?

A

Introverts shift the curve left whilst extroverts shift the curve to the right.

21
Q

Yerkes and Dodson created which theory of arousal?

A

The Inverted U theory.

22
Q

How does the Inverted U shape change for Introverts?

A

Shifts to the left as they require less arousal to get in the zone of optimal arousal.

23
Q

How does the Inverted U shape change for Extroverts?

A

Shifts to the right as they require more arousal to get in the zone of optimal arousal.

24
Q

How does the Inverted U shape change for differences in experience?

A

A cognitive performer requires lower arousal to reach their optimum performance, an associative performer requires a medium amount of arousal and an autonomous performer requires high levels of arousal.

25
Q

What factors can change the shape or location of the Inverted U?

A
  • Personality,
  • Experience,
  • Difficulty
26
Q

How does the Inverted U shape change for task difficulty?

A

A complex skill requires relatively low arousal levels whereas a simple skill requires a higher arousal level.

27
Q

How does the Inverted U shape change for a complex skill?

A

The curve is shifted left as less arousal is required for optimal performance.

28
Q

How does the Inverted U shape change for a basic skill?

A

The curve is shifted right as more arousal is required for optimal performance.

29
Q

Summarise the catastrophe theory:

A

As arousal increases so does performance, until a threshold, where performance experiences an extreme decline. From there, if arousal decreases then recovery occurs and if arousal increases further then performance worsens at a gradual rate.

30
Q

In the catastrophe theory, what are the possible outcomes after the extreme decline?

A

Recovery (if arousal lowers) and Gradual worsening (if arousal increases further).

31
Q

What are the key words used to describe the trend shown in Hull’s drive theory?

A

Proportional linear relationship.

32
Q

Which theory does the equation P = f ( H x D ) belong to?

A

Drive theory.

33
Q

P = f ( H x D ), what does H and D mean?

A 
H = The habit strength.
D = Drive or arousal level.
34
Q

What did Hanin create?

A

The (Individual) Zone of Optimal Functioning.

35
Q

Who created the (Individual) Zone of Optimal Functioning?

A

Hanin.

36
Q

What did Hanin suggest about arousal in the IZOF theory?

A

Hanin suggested that increases in arousal can improve performance and that the optimum level of arousal varies for individual players.

37
Q

What is special about Hanin’s IZOF?

A

Instead of a point of optimum arousal, he described a zone or bandwidth.

38
Q

How did Hanin say an individual could find their zone?

A

Using techniques such as mental rehearsal, visualisation and positive self-talk.

39
Q

According to Hanin’s IZOF, once in the zone what happens to a performer?

A
  • Their performance seems to flow effortlessly.
  • A state of supreme confidence and calmness under pressure.
  • The athlete feels that they are in total control of their actions and focus is optimised.
40
Q

What is peak flow experience?

A

An extension of the feelings and performance levels experienced in the zone.

P.E Sport Psychology (2 decks)

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