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Science > Exam- Plate Tectonics > Flashcards

Exam- Plate Tectonics Flashcards

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1
Q

Evidence that supports plate tectonic theory

A
  • same fossil on other sides of the ocean
  • same rock on other sides of ocean
  • continents fit together like puzzle pieces
  • glacial evidence in Africa
  • magnetic reversals on the mid-Atlantic ridge
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2
Q

Dip in the ocean floor formed from subduction

A

Trench

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3
Q

Longest mountain chain in the world formed at divergent boundary

A

Mid-ocean ridge

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4
Q

Formed when India converged with Asia

A

Himalaya mountains

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5
Q

Type of boundary when plates pulled apart

A

Divergent

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6
Q

Space created when plates pull apart

A

Rift Valley

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7
Q

Cycle of magma in the mantle which makes the plates move

A

Convection current

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8
Q

Island located on the mid-ocean ridge in the Atlantic Ocean

A

Iceland

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9
Q

When 2 plates slide past each day other

A

Transform fault

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10
Q

When 2 plates collide and 1 goes under

A

Subduction

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11
Q

Plate Tectonic Therory

A

Theory that the earth’s lithosphere is broken into large sections called plates. Plates move due to convection currents in the earth’s mantle

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12
Q

This part of Africa is pulling apart and will one day be a sea

A

Great Rift Valley

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13
Q

Giant sea wave formed in a subduction zone

A

Tsunami

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14
Q

Lithosphere plates move due to:

A

Convection

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15
Q

The Ring of Fire is a major volcanic belt around the

A

Pacific Ocean

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16
Q

In general how fast to the plates move

A

Centimeters per year

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17
Q

What feature forms at an ocean-ocean subduction zone?

A

Volcanic islands and trenches

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18
Q

Glacial evidence near the equator in Africa indicated to Wegener that this continent was:

A

Once located closer to the South Pole

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19
Q

Which process creates as many as 30 small earthquakes daily in California

A

Transform Fault

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20
Q

Generally, what is the age of the oceanic crust?

A

Younger than the continent crust

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21
Q

What was Wegener’s hypothesis called?

A

Continental Drift

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22
Q

What wasn’t used in Wegener’s hypothesis?

A

Magnetic reversals

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23
Q

Evidence that support Wegener’s idea of a supercontinent called Pangea include:

A
  • Continent coastlines match
  • Fossil evidence
  • rock types match on adjacent continents
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24
Q

What type of plate boundary represents a trench forming

A

Convergent subduction

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25
Q

Amount of energy released by an earthquake

A

Magnitude

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25
Q

Amount of energy measured by a logarithmic scale

A

Richter Scale

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26
Q

The amount of damage from an earthquake

A

Intensity

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27
Q

Natural disasters that an earthquake could cause

A
  • Landslide

- tsunami

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28
Q

Earthquake waves are measured using a_________________?

A

Seismograph

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29
Q

What type of waves does the seismograph record?

A

P,S, and L waves

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30
Q

The difference in arrival time between the p and S waves is called

A

Lag time

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31
Q

Lag time is helped used to determine the location of the

A

Epicenter

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32
Q

What can volcanoes form on that is not a plate boundary

A

A hotspot

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33
Q

Examples of convergent subduction

A
  • Mariana’s Trench
  • Mt. St. Helens
  • Japan
  • Andes Mtns
  • Aleutians Islands
34
Q

Example of transform fault

A

San Andreas Fault

35
Q

Examples of divergent boundary

A
  • Iceland
  • Great Rift Valley
  • Mid Ocean Ridge
36
Q

Examples of convergent collision

A

Himalayas

37
Q

Point on the earth’s surface directly above focus

A

Epicenter

38
Q

Actual spot in the crust where the earthquake occurred

A

Focus

39
Q

What are the three types of faults

A

Strike split
Thrust
Normal

40
Q

Total force acting on crustal rock per unit area

A

Stress

41
Q

Deformations of material caused by stress

A

Strain

42
Q

A material is compressed, stretched, or bent, but returns to its original shape when stress is removed

A

Elastic deformation

43
Q

A material is compressed, stretched, or bent, but stays deformed when stress is removed

A

Plastic deformation

44
Q

Where are most faults located

A

Plate boundaries

45
Q

A break or crack in the crust

Cause of earthquakes

A

Fault

46
Q

P wave

A
  • Primary wave
  • Push waves
  • travel the fastest
  • travel through any material
47
Q

S wave

A
  • secondary wave
  • snake waves
  • travel 2nd fastest
  • doesn’t travel though liquids
48
Q

L wave

A
  • surface waves

- cause most damage

49
Q

What is ground shaking multiplied by

A

Power of 10

50
Q

What is total energy multiplied by

A

Power of 32

51
Q

What are the three causes/locations of volcanoes

A
  • Hot spot volcano
  • Rift volcano
  • Subduction volcano
52
Q

High temperature lava has _________ silica and flows ________

A

Low

More/easily

53
Q

Low temperature lava has __________ silica content and flows________

A

High

Slowly

54
Q

A high silica example is

A

Rhyolite

55
Q

A low silica example is

A

Basalt

56
Q

String of volcanoes in a subduction zone

A

Island arc

57
Q

Earthquakes happen at these plate boundaries

A

All

58
Q

Three volcano cone types

A

Cinder
Shield
Composite/Statovolcano

59
Q

A cinder volcano has a _________ slope
A shield volcano has a _________ slope
A composite volcano has a _________ slope

A

Steep
Gentle
Intermediate

60
Q

Example of cinder is

A

Paracutin

61
Q

An example of shield

A

Mauna loa

62
Q

An example of composite is

A

Mt. St. Helens

63
Q

Cinder has ________ silica content

Lava description is ______________

A

High

Thick

64
Q

Shield has ________ silica content

Lava description is ______________

A

Low

Thin

65
Q

Composite has ________ silica content

Lava description is ______________

A

Medium

Both thick and thin

66
Q

What on a composite volcanos makes the volcano have layers

A

The repeated eruptions

67
Q

What type of volcano has a lot of cinder and ash

A

Composite volcano

68
Q

What direction does a dike form

A

Upwards

69
Q

What direction does a sill form

A

Horizontally

70
Q

Why does intensity differ

A

Because of the magnitude

71
Q

On the Richter scale the _________ goes up a power of ____ for each number you go up

A
  • Magnitude

- 10

72
Q

How fast do plates move per year

A

Centimeters

73
Q

The underground point of origin is called the

A

Focus

74
Q

The damage from earthquake depends on

A

Location of the earthquake types of buildings in the area and type of soil in the area

75
Q

Where is maximum earthquake intensity usually found at

A

Epicenter

76
Q

What earthquake waves is most similar to ocean waves

A

L wave

77
Q

What earthquake waves only travel along the surface

A

L waves

78
Q

What earthquake waves help us understand the inside of earth must’ve been a liquid outer core

A

S waves

79
Q

The tube that connects the magma chamber to the creator of a volcano is the

A

Vent

80
Q

High silica content found them lava results in

A

Thick slow lava flow

81
Q

Shield cone

A

Gentle slope
Thin lava
Mauna loa Hawaii

82
Q

Cinder cone

A

Steep slope
Thick ash and lava
Paracutin Mexico

83
Q

Composite cone

A

Intermediate slope
Alternating thick and thin lava
Mt St. Helens

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