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Exam Part 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

When is an embryo called a fetus? 2

A

When it is about 3 to 9 months old.

It is now recognizably human

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2
Q

What is Astronomy?

A

The study of anything beyond our earth (the universe)

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3
Q

How is a baby boy made?

A

When the father gives a sperm cell that has a Y sex cell to the egg cell

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4
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Is a type of cell division that creates two identical DAUGHTER CELLs

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5
Q

What is power?

A

Is the rate of energy consumption (rate at which electricity is converted to other forms of energy to do work for us)

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6
Q

Where is the ammeter placed in a schematic diagram? What does it do?

A

Is placed after the source of energy.

It measures amps.

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7
Q

How is current measured?

A

By Amperes

Amps

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8
Q

What are six evidences of electrical charge?

A

Crackling

Sticking

Repelling

Attracting

Sparks

Pain(shocks)

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9
Q

How is Physical Changes defined? 4

A

Changes in the physical properties of a substance

Often reversible

Change of shape or state usually

No change in the molecular structure

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10
Q

What did the Alchemist in 500-1600 AD do? 5

A

They were part philosopher/mystic/magician/chemist.

Performed experimentation

Tried to turn lead into gold

Searched for a substance for eternal life

They invented modern tools and techniques still used today.

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of charges?

A

Neutral

Negative

Positive

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12
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic ACID

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13
Q

How is the Scientific Method done? By who?

A

Modern chemists used experimentation to explain matter and define “ELEMENTS” and “MIXTURES”.

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14
Q

Are charges destroyed? 2

A

No and also aren’t created.

They are simply moved around (between or within objects)

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15
Q

Where can energy be stored as an electric potential?

A

It can be stored in a battery or electromagnet

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16
Q

What can electric potential be converted to?

A

It can be converted to kinetic, light or heat energy

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17
Q

What is Reproduction?

A

Is the production of an offspring (new life).

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18
Q

What happens during Metaphase? 2

A

Chromosomes LINE UP in the middle of the cell.

Spindle fibers ATTACH to chromosomes at the centromeres.

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19
Q

What is the Bing Bang Theory? How long?

A

Is a theory describing the birth OF THE UNIVERSE

14 billion years ago

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20
Q

What is the Heliocentric model? 3

A

A sun-centered model of the universe

Unpopular theory at first because it was a new theory. (earth was no longer in the centre of the solar system)

It was strengthened by Isaac Newton
Gravity + Galileo’s telescope + geometry

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21
Q

What is Genotype? 2

A

It refers to the ACTUAL GENES present in the cells of an individual (not observable)

The genotype determines the phenotype

Ex BB’s individual genotype is a homozygous

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22
Q

What is genetics?

A

Is the branch of biology involving the study of inherited Traits.

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23
Q

What is sometimes called the “Copernican Revolution”? After who?

A

It refers to a Heliocentric Model

Named after Nicholas Copernicus

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24
Q

What is universe?

A

Is everything that exists everywhere, including all matter and energy

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25
Q

What is an embryo? What forms?

A

Is what a zygote called after it lived for two months

Major organs and body parts form

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26
Q

What are gametes? 4

A

Are specialized sex cells

Sperm and eggs in humans

Contains 1/2 set of DNA (haploid cells)

Produced by MEIOSIS (in the reproductive organs)

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27
Q

What is a parallel circuit? 6

A

Different parts of the circuit are on separate branches

Electrons van take several paths

Parts of the circuit used the same voltage

More expensive, but much more practical

Used for household wiring

If one bulb burns out, or turns off, the others can still work (there is still a closed circuit)

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28
Q

How does a lightning happens? 4 steps.

A

First there friction
Electrons and protons are polarized

Second there’s Induction
Clouds repel the electrons on the ground

Third there grounding
Electricity is discharged
Charges Becomes neutral again

Fourth Thunder

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29
Q

What does friction do?

A

It INCREASES the amount of CONTACT between two surfaces

Before, they were neutral

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30
Q

What is the Basic Law of Electrostatics?

A

Like charges repel each other; unlike charges attract

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31
Q

What is a valence electron?

A

Is the electron(s) located in the outermost she’ll of an element. They determine whether an element is very reactive or inert.

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32
Q

What is family within the Periodic Table of Elements? Examples?

A

Is the column of Elements on the Periodic Table of Elements.

Ex. Alkaline Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Transition Metals, Noble Gases, Halogens

33
Q

What is a compound?

A

Is the substance formed when two or more atomic elements CHEMICALLY join together in specific proportions.

Ex Fe3 O4 is the compound made when iron and oxygen chemically join together

34
Q

What are chromosomes? 2

A

Are coded strands of DNA in each cell (human cells have 46 or 23 pairs)

Each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes

35
Q

What is Geocentric Model? 4

A

Formed when early sky watchers imagined earth at the centre of a GIANT SPHERE

Called Aristotle’s Universe

An earth-centered model of the WHOLE UNIVERSE.

Stars were “fixed” on the outer sphere, but the planets, moon and sun orbiter the earth on CONCENTRIC circles within the sphere.

36
Q

How are Interplanetary Distances measured?

A

Measured in ASTRONOMICAL UNIT

OR

AUS

37
Q

WHAT is heterozygous? 2

A

Is an individual said to be heterozygous for a trait if it has two DIFFERENT genes for that trait.

Also called a hybrid

38
Q

What is a punnett square?

A

Is a diagram used to predict the possible genotypes of the offspring of two parents

Percent chance or ratio

39
Q

What happens during Interphase? 3

A

Performing normal cell function going to mitosis

DNA strands are THREADS OF CHROMATIDS

Chromatin is replicated
Doubles the two identical Chromatids
Held together at the centromeres

40
Q

If all the lights are still able to work but died because one of the bulbs short circuited, what type of circuit is it?

A

A series circuit

41
Q

What is an electric field?

A

Is the area over which an electric charge can exert force
Repelling or Attracting

Strongest when near the charged object

42
Q

Until when did Aristotle’s geocentric model lasted?

A

Until the 1500s

43
Q

What does the prostate gland secrete?

A

It secretes a sugarous #fructose# for sperms

44
Q

What are stars? What is it called?

A

Arr globe shape of matter that give off huge amounts of energy

Called Nuclear Fusion

45
Q

How are interstellar Distances measured?

A

They are measured in light years

46
Q

What are Genes?

A

Are inherited units or sections of chromosomes that parents pass on to offspring during fertilization (sexual reproduction)

47
Q

What does current depend on?

A

Current depend on the VOLTAGE and how much the wire and load RESISTS the flow.

48
Q

How is cost of energy calculated?

A

Cost is calculated by multiplying the energy used by the price per kilowatt hour

49
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

Is the production of identical offspring through SIMPLE CELL DIVISION.

50
Q

What is conduction?

A

Is an already charged object transferring it’s charge to a neutral object by which a contact has been made.

51
Q

What did Democritus philosophized? 3. Plus what happened to his philosophy?

A

Named the atom #Atomus#

He said that they are invisible indivisible that could not be broke down.

He was rejected by Socrates and Aristotle after his death.
The four elements model dominated for another 2000 years.

52
Q

What is chemical changes? 4

A

Are changes in the chemical properties of a substance.

They are not easily reversible without another chemical reaction

NEW Substances with new PROPERTIES are produced

It involves a rearrangement of the substances atoms NEW Molecules are produced

53
Q

Who is John Dalton? 2

A

Is an English chemist known for just Billiard Ball’s model for the atomic theory.

He said that all elements are made of solid indivisible, invisible and indestructible atoms

54
Q

What is Electrostatics usually produced by?

A

By friction

55
Q

What does replication refer to?

A

During cell division, the cell’s chromosomes must first Double or REPLICATE and then divide so that each new daughter cell receives a complete set.

56
Q

What is the Bing Bang Theory talking about? 5

A

It says that all matter and energy had been contained in a SIMPLE POINT

This point suddenly EXPANDED into space at a tremendous speed and energy was turned into matter

The universe was immediately filled with a dense. #Soup# of SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

Soon gravity pulled these particles together to form protons and neutrons.

H and He formed a millions years later and the universe was full of H and He atoms

57
Q

What are the components of a Heliocentric Model? 7

A

Sun in the middle

Mercury first orbiting the sun

Venus next

Then earth

Moon is orbiting Earth

Some planets

Then fixed stars

58
Q

What is fertilization? 2

A

Is when gametes combine to form a zygote with a full set of DNA

The zygote’s cells will then divide through mitosis to make all of the DIPLOID body cells of a fully frown organism.

59
Q

What is an ova?

A

Is the plural of ovum

Meaning one egg

60
Q

Where does Spermatogenesis occur?

A

Inside the semiferous tubules.

61
Q

What is implantation? When does it happen?

A

After fertilization, the dividing ball of cells becomes embedded in the uterine lining this is the beginning of pregnancy

It usually happen during 6-10 days after fertilization

62
Q

What is a comet? 2

A

Is a small body of dust and ice orbiting the sun at very large distances

The tail is seen as the comet comes closer to the sun and begins to evaporate

63
Q

What is continuity?

A

“like produces like” when an organism passes on its Traits to the next generation

64
Q

What are planets?

A

Are large, spherical objects that orbits a star (reflecting light only)

65
Q

What is the moon? When?

A

Is a rocky permanent satellite of the earth or with other planets

Origin is likely the result of debris from a planet sized object smashing into the earth 4,5 billions ago

66
Q

What is the testes?

A

Is the gland that produces sperm

67
Q

What does the prostate gland secrete?

A

It secretes an ALKALINE FLUID that will protect the sperm from the acidic environments of the vagina

68
Q

What is cleavage

A

Is the first several cell divisions of the zygote. Using mitosis

69
Q

What is the sun? 5

A

Is a medium sized star.

1.4 million km around,

110 times the diameter of Earth

73% hydrogen, 25% helium

5 billion years old

70
Q

What is a Dominant Gene?

A

A gene that will function even when paired with the opposite trait

71
Q

How much is a lightning year?

A

Is the distance from which a beam of light travelled in a year

=9.5 trillion kilometres

=63,240 AUs

72
Q

Why would we use a light year?

A

To measure between stars and galaxies.

73
Q

What is a black hole?

A

Is the result of a massive star collapsing inwards as they die, with such a strong gravity that no light or matter can escape

74
Q

What is a homozygous?

A

Is an individual zygote said to be homozygous for a trait if it has two genes that are the SAME for that trait

Also called purebreed

75
Q

What is a nebula? 3

A

Are vast cloud of gas and dust that eventually becomes a star

Gravity pulls together more and more hydrogen atoms

Intense heat and pressure cause NUCLEAR FUSION

76
Q

WHAT happens in Prophase? 4

A

Mitosis begins.

Chromatids have coiled up to form visible chromosomes

Nuclear membrane disappears

Centrioles migrate yo the ends and spindle fibers form

77
Q

What is cell division?

A

Is when PARENT CELL divide to produce two identical DAUGHTER CELL

Used for growth, repair and reproduction

78
Q

What happens in Anaphase?

A

Spindle fibers CONTract stinking back to opposite ends of the cell

Chromatids are pulled apart

Science (6 decks)

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