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Intro to Sociology > Exam One - Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Exam One - Quiz Questions Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which discipline defines itself as “the systematic study of human society”?

A

Sociology

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2
Q

The concept “sociology” was coined in 1838 by

A

Auguste Comte

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3
Q

What is the main focus of the sociologists who are called “structural-functionalists”?

A

They focus on the structures of society and their functions in the maintenance of society’s order and stability

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4
Q

What is the main focus of those sociologists who are called “conflict theorists”?

A

The focus on reasons for conflict and inequality

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5
Q

What is the main focus of those sociologists who are called “symbolic interactionists”?

A

They focus on words and gestures in small group interactions that carry special meanings

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6
Q

Which of the following is the best description of a culture?

A

A culture represents the beliefs and practices of a group of people.

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7
Q

Which of the following is the best description of a society?

A

A group of people who share the same culture and live in a particular geographical area (either large or small).

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8
Q

Which of the following is the best description of material culture?

A

Material culture refers to the material objects or belongings of a group of people.

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9
Q

Which of the following is the best description of nonmaterial culture?

A

Nonmaterial culture consists of the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society.

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10
Q

What is ethnocentrism?

A

Ethnocentrism involves a belief or attitude that one’s own culture is better than all others

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11
Q

What is Xenocentrism?

A

Xenocentrism refers to the belief that another culture is superior to one’s own.

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12
Q

What are cultural universals?

A

Patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies

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13
Q

What is culture shock?

A

An experience of personal disorientation when confronted with an unfamiliar way of life.

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14
Q

According to the textbook which of the following is a term used to describe “the deliberate imposition of one’s own cultural values on another culture.”

A

cultural imperialism

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15
Q

Which of the following are true about “norms”.

A
  • Norms define how to behave in accordance with what a society has defined as good, right, and important, and most members of the society adhere to them.
  • Norms are sometimes also formal laws such as laws against incest or murder.
  • Norms are sometimes just customs that are not written into law.
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16
Q

Which of the following is the best description of the concept of “mores”?

A

Mores are social customs that have a deep-seated moral significance.

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17
Q

Which of the following is the best description of the concept of “mores”?

A

Mores are social customs that have a deep-seated moral significance.

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18
Q

Which of the following is the best description of the concept of “folkways”?

A

Folkways are a sub-category of norms that are customs that do not have moral significance.

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19
Q

What is pop culture?

A

“Pop culture” refers to the things that are enjoyed by most of the population. If you used a slang term to describe it often the words “cheap” and “trashy” would be used.

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20
Q

What is “high culture”?

A

High culture is the culture enjoyed by social elites like Opera and classical music concerts.

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21
Q

What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

A

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is the theory that our understanding of the world is shaped by our language.

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22
Q

Which of the following is the best description of the concept of “culture lag”?

A

The time that elapses between the introduction of a new item of material culture and its acceptance as part of nonmaterial culture.

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23
Q

When sociologists discuss culture and diffusion which of the following is the best description of the concept of diffusion?

A

It is the spread of material and nonmaterial culture across different countries and areas.

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24
Q

Which of the following is the best description of the functionalist view of culture?

A

Culture operates to help the different parts of society function smoothly.

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25
Q

Which of the following is the best description of the conflict theory of culture?

A

Culture helps the powerful to preserve their power and privilege.

26
Q

Which of the following is the best description of the symbolic interactionist view of culture?

A

Culture is created through symbols, gestures and language of people at the individual level.

27
Q

Organic solidarity is most likely to exist in which of the following types of societies?

A

Industrial

28
Q

Which of the following societies were the first to have permanent residents?

A

Horticultral

29
Q

Which of the following occupations is a person of power most likely to have in an information society?

A

Software Engineer

30
Q

Which of the following fictional societies is an example of a pastoral society?

A

The Hunti, a wandering group of nomads who specialize in breeding and training horses

31
Q

Which of the following is the best description of the Thomas theorem?

A

If people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences.

32
Q

Which of the following is the best definition of Robert Merton’s concept of the “self-fulfilling prophecy.”

A

If successive generations of people believe the same idea, even if it is false, then it will become true if people act on it as if it is true.

33
Q

Which of the following is the best definition of role strain?

A

A good example of role strain is a person such as a working single parent with a disabled father who has to perform many different roles at once all of which are exhausting. In this case different roles include employee, parent, caregiver and homemaker.

34
Q

Which of the following is the best description of Erving Goffman’s concept of role performance.

A

It describes the fact that all people (whether or not they are paid to be actors) take elaborate steps to manage the impression they make on other people.

35
Q

Which concept is used to designate the process by which people creatively shape reality as they interact?

A

Social construction of reality

36
Q

Flirting is a playful way of seeing if someone is interested in you without risking outright rejection. From this point of view, flirting illustrates

A

the social construction of reality

37
Q

The study of social interaction in terms of theatrical performance is referred to as

A

dramaturgical analysis

38
Q

Which sociologist developed the approach called dramaturgical analysis?

A

Erving Goffman

39
Q

What does the term “presentation of self” mean?

A

efforts to create impressions in the minds of others

40
Q

Considering the movie “Alive” about the 1972 Andes flight disaster, What happened to the leadership of the group when the new beliefs were adopted?

A
  • The old official leader (that is the official captain of the Rugby team) lost his leadership role.
  • The leaders linked to the old survival plan (waiting to be rescued) were replaced by the leaders of the new survival plan (eating the dead and walking down out of the mountains).
  • The first person to suggest the new reality (that they had to eat the dead) became, in effect, the leader of the group.
41
Q

In the portrayal of the rugby players surviving the air crash in the film alive the people involved had to make a distinction between the soul and the physical body. How did they do this?

A

They reasoned that the soul leaves the body at death and must therefore be two separate things.

42
Q

Did the characters negotiate the new reality or was it just imposed by one of the leaders?

A

They had a negotiation that involved both their practical problems (“we’re starving and we’re trapped”) and theology (the difference between the soul and the physical body).

43
Q

One of the crash survivors tried to sanctify (make holy) the act of eating a form of food normally considered very unclean. How did he do this?

A

He compared the process to Holy Communion.

44
Q

What was the result of the Harlow experiment in which baby monkeys were exposed to two different types of fake mother monkey figures. One fake mother was emotionally code - a wire mesh sculpture that was able to offer food through a feeding tube. The other mother figure was a more realistic version of a mother monkey with a soft terrycloth covering. What was the result of this experiment?

A

The babies spent more time with the comforting terry-cloth mother figure.

45
Q

Which of the following is the best explanation of the difference between psychology and sociology?

A

Psychologists are interested in how mind affects behavior. Sociologists are interested in how society affects behavior.

46
Q

Which of the following is the best explanation of George Herbert Mead’s theory of self-development?

A

As we grow up we must learn to be able to look at ourselves through the eyes of other people.

47
Q

Which of the following is true of Carol Gilligan’s theory of moral development and gender.

A
  • Boys have more of a rule-based justice perspective.
  • Girls have more of a care and responsibility perspective.
  • When people break the rules girls are more likely to consider the reasons behind their behavior.
48
Q

Which of the following are true of Sigmund Freud’s theories?

A
  • A person stuck in a “phallic stage” may be promiscuous or emotionally immature.
  • An adult with an oral fixation may indulge in overeating or binge drinking.
  • An anal fixation may produce a neat freak (hence the term “anal retentive”).
49
Q

Which of the following are true of Sigmund Freud’s theories?

A
  • A person stuck in a “phallic stage” may be promiscuous or emotionally immature.
  • An adult with an oral fixation may indulge in overeating or binge drinking.
  • An anal fixation may produce a neat freak (hence the term “anal retentive”).
50
Q

Which of the following best describes Freud’s concept of the “id”?

A

Our primitive selfish desires

51
Q

Which of the following best describes how sociologists view the family as an agent of socialization?

A

The family is the first agent of socialization

52
Q

Which of the following are true about the role of the peer group in socialization?

A
  • A peer group is made up of people who are similar in age and social status and who share interests.
  • Peer group socialization begins in the earliest years, such as when kids on a playground teach younger children the norms about taking turns, the rules of a game, or how to shoot a basket.
  • Peer groups provide adolescents’ first major socialization experience outside the realm of their families.
53
Q

Which of the following are true about religion and socialization?

A
  • Religion is an important avenue of socialization for many people.
  • Many religious institutions also uphold gender norms and contribute to their enforcement through socialization.
  • Like other institutions, these places teach participants how to interact with the religion’s material culture (like a an altar, a prayer rug, or a communion wafer).
54
Q

According to the text, entering which of the following situations requires resocialization?

A
  • Entering a prison.
  • Entering a senior citizens home.
  • Entering the military.
55
Q

The most common way resocialization occurs is in a ____________ where people are isolated from society and are forced to follow someone else’s rules.

A

total institution

56
Q

A manifest function of sports is

A

providing recreation and physical conditioning.

57
Q

A sociologist using the gender-conflict approach might state that

A

in many ways, men are in positions of power over women.

58
Q

According to Emile Durkheim, categories of people with a higher suicide rate typically have

A

lower social integration

59
Q

A statement that explains how and why specific facts are related is called a(n)

A

theory

60
Q

According to Erving Goffman, we engage in a _____ when we use costumes, props, tone of voice, and gestures to convey information to others.

A

performance

61
Q

According to Erving Goffman, people usually make efforts to _____ their intentions.

A

idealize

62
Q

A role set refers to

A

a number of roles attached to a single status.

Intro to Sociology (2 decks)

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