Exam One

Question 1

The subject matter behavior modification concerns itself with is/are:

Answer 1

human behavior

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a dimension of behavior?

impact, frequency, duration, intensity

Answer 2

impact

Question 3

Pavlov did experiments in operant behavior. True or false.

Answer 3

false

Question 4

Behavior is defined as what people do and say. True or false.

Answer 4

true

Question 5

Mary’s parents are concerned about her screaming. If the loudness of Mary’s screams is what they are interested in, this would be an example of:

Answer 5

intensity

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT used in direct assessments?

Answer 6

questionnaires

Question 7

A track coach records the amount of time it takes a sprinter to start running once the gun has been sounded. The coach is recording the dimension of ____________.​

Answer 7

latency

Question 8

A teacher records the number of math homework problems a student has correctly completed in order to determine the student’s performance. The teacher is using ____________ recording.​

Answer 8

product

Question 9

An observer divides an observation period into a number of consecutive time periods, and then records whether the target behavior occurred during each period. This is called:​

Answer 9

interval recording

Question 10

A behavioral definition:

Answer 10

describes specific behaviors

Question 11

In behavior modification, the main way to document behavior change is through the use of a(n):

Answer 11

graph

Question 12

The level of the target behavior is recorded on the:​

Answer 12

vertical axis

Question 13

In behavior modification, a research design is used to:

Answer 13

determine if the treatment changed the behavior

Question 14

An A-B design does not demonstrate a functional relationship between the treatment and the target behavior because there is no:

Answer 14

replication

Question 15

A researcher records the hair pulling behavior of three different children in a classroom and implements treatment at a different time for each child. tHe researcher is using a(n) __________ design.

Answer 15

multiple-baseline-across-subjects

Question 16

Negative reinforcement decreases a behavior in the future.​ True or false.

Answer 16

false

Question 17

Mary takes out the garbage and, as a result, her parents let her watch her favorite television show. Mary is then more likely to take out the garbage when asked. Being able to watch her favorite television show is a ____________ for her behavior of taking out the garbage.​

Answer 17

reinforcer

Question 18

​Timmy swears whenever his mom makes broccoli for dinner. Timmy’s mom always sends him to his room without dinner when he swears. As a result, Timmy is more likely to swear when his mom makes broccoli. This is an example of:

Answer 18

negative reinforcement

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a question to ask when trying to decide whether a situation represents positive or negative reinforcement?​

Answer 19

did the stimulus appear to be pleasant?

Question 20

Whenever Tony puts money into a pop machine, he gets a can of pop. Tony never gets pop out of the machine when he does not put money in. This is an example of __________ existing between putting money in the machine and getting pop out.​

Answer 20

a contingency

Question 21

Extinction and negative reinforcement both decrease a behavior. True or false?

Answer 21

false

Question 22

Timmy takes out the garbage and his mother praises him when he does it. When his mother stops praising him, Timmy stops taking out the garbage. Timmy’s behavior of taking out the garbage has been:​
Correct!

Answer 22

extinguished

Question 23

Randy stopped putting money into a candy machine because he stopped getting candy out. After a couple months Randy put money into the candy machine again, but when no candy came out, he stopped putting money in. Randy’s behavior of putting money into the candy machine after a couple months is an example of:​

Answer 23

spontaneous recovery

Question 24

Whenever Matt is told to run laps during basketball practice, he complains to the coach that he is too tired in order to get out of running. The coach starts making him run the laps anyway, and eventually Matt stops complaining about being too tired when he is told to run. This is an example of:​

Answer 24

extinction of a negatively reinforced behavior

Question 25

In comparison to a behavior that has been continuously reinforced, a behavior that has been intermittently reinforced will _____________ when reinforcement is stopped​

Answer 25

decrease more slowly

Question 26

In behavior modification, a punisher is defined by its:​

Answer 26

effect on the behavior it follows

Question 27

Andrew was removed from class because he swore at his teacher. As a result of being removed from class activities, Andrew never swears at his teacher again. This is an example of:​

Answer 27

negative punishment

Question 28

Time-out from positive reinforcement and response cost both:​

Answer 28

involve the loss of access to reinforcers

Question 29

If a stimulus needs to be paired with an established punisher in order to function as a punisher it is referred to as a(n):​

Answer 29

conditioned punisher

Question 30

Whenever Tommy hits his little brother, he loses his television privileges. Tommy never loses his television privileges for any other behavior. This is an example of a(an) ____________ existing between hitting his little brother and losing his television privileges.​

Answer 30

contingency

Question 31

In behavior modification, an aversive stimulus is defined in terms of:

Answer 31

its effect on behavior

Question 32

Which of the following is a negative punishment procedure?

Answer 32

response cost

Question 33

Matthew gets upset and throws one of his toys against the wall. His Dad then removes him from the toy room and puts him in the hallway for a brief period of time. As a result, the probability of Matthew throwing his toys against the wall decreases. Which negative punishment procedure is Matthew's Dad using with him?

Answer 33

exclusionary time-out

Question 34

When a time-out procedure is used, the ____________ environment must consist of positively reinforcing activities or interactions.

Answer 34

time-in

Question 35

The procedures of extinction, response cost, and time-out are similar in that they all:

Answer 35

are used to decrease problem behaviors

Question 36

In ____________ procedures, a reinforcer is removed following the occurrence of the behavior and the behavior decreases in the future, and in ____________ procedures a punisher is applied following the occurrence of the behavior and the behavior decreases in the future.

Answer 36

negative punishment; positive punishment

Question 37

Requiring an individual to engage in a low probability behavior contingent on the occurrence of a high probability behavior is a form of punishment that is based on:

Answer 37

the Premack Principle

Question 38

When John shoots a free throw incorrectly in basketball practice, his coach requires him to continue shooting until he has shot the ball correctly a number of times. In which type of punishment does the individual have to engage in the correct behavior contingent on the occurrence of the problem behavior?

Answer 38

positive practice

Question 39

​In behavior modification, ____________ procedures are the least likely to be used to decrease problem behaviors.

Answer 39

positive punishment

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT an ethical issue to be considered in the use of punishment?

Answer 40

covert implementation