Exam One Flashcards
Six Types of Violence
Structural
Cultural
Corporate
Political/State
Legitimate
Interpersonal
Structural -
( quiet and systematic) For example strain theory
Cultural
Belief systems that threaten people ex confederate flags
Political/State
Similar to corporate violence, but illegal and injurious acts by nation states or political groups or state actors to advance their self interests
Legitimate
Authorized and legalized use of physical force to protect, defend, punish, or defeat others.
Ex : . Application of the death penalty; acts of self-defense football, boxing, or MMA
Interpersonal
Usually defined as criminal violence. Consists of at least three elements:
At least two actors performing separate opposing roles,
A direct rather than an indirect harm
Use of some type of physical force or verbal/nonverbal coercion: The act is always unwanted and the target unwilling. The perpetrator overpowers, controls, or disables the target, e.g., use of a weapon,
Technological Violence–
Ever experience a computer virus or have computer attacked?
Natural Disaster Violence–
Earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis, tornados can be violent.
Narrow Definition
tend to focus on the behavior of individuals or small groups at the lower end of the economic spectrum;
Wide Definition
include acts resulting in injury committed by corporations or the State and by people at the higher end who have economic or political power
Major Forms of Criminal IV
murder,rape,robbery,kidnapping,physical assault, domestic violence, etc
Period 1(1850s-1880s)
Western Frontier: single men ex-soldiers with weak social bonds
Personal honor, take law into own hands
Civil War: Before and After
Period 2(1920s-1930s)
Great Depression/Period of deprivation
St. Valentines Day Massacre
Chicago Mob Groups: Al Capone
Youth gangs
Period 3(1965-1995)
Third Great Wave
Murder Rate Peaked in 1980
Second slightly lower peak; 1991
David Courtwright : Urban Frontier
Civil Unrest
Pornography
Two Recent Periods w/ Low Rates of Serious Violence
Period 1( WWII through 1950s)
Period 2(1994-2014)
- Third great wave,
which dissipated with the violent crime drop starting about 1994. People in my age group, born 50s–60s & growing up 70s-80s came of age in a violent era.
- Murder rate peaked in 1980,
highest in post WWII era. Nearly double the new millenium. (Me: H.S. 1972-76, college 1976-80). Disco era. High violence, yet still an age of innocence. Changed with Manson murders & Richard Speck case.
- Second slightly lower peak in murder rate in 1991,
then a dramatic drop starting about 1994, but high across the decade of the 1980s especially.
- Serious violence became concentrated in the urban underclass,
what David Courtwright characterized as the urban frontier.
Yet again, era of dramatic social change. Factors that perhaps contributed to serious violence:
- Urban Depopulation:
People leaving & corporate relocation left areas of cities with few jobs & more vacant spaces. Crime became entrenched. As suburbs grew, roadways expanded, traffic increased, road rage became more visible. Ex. Chicago road rage incident in 1970s.
