exam multiple choice Flashcards
Aquinas’s 4 Main causes of Existence
Final,Formal, Material, Efficient
final cause
the whole reason why it is there
formal cause
the design of it, what was it made for, its purpose
material cause
what something is made out of
efficient cause
how did that material become the way it is
ta ethika
- means having to do with good character
- Ethics are in search of the good, and they do not change
catholic social teachings
- Dignity of the Human Person
- Common Good
- Solidarity
- Preferential Option for the Poor
- Stewardship of Creation
- Subsidiarity & the Role of Government
- Participation
- Rights & Responsibilities
- Economic Justice
- Peace
stewardship
living out a commitment to be Christ-centered rather than self-centered
nature miracle
calmed a storm, walked on water
healing miracle
Caused blind to see and deaf to hear
death miracle
Widow’s son at Nain; the daughter of Jarius
baptism
- Sacrament of Initiation
- Wash away original sin, Rite of passage
- Change your life
- Main component: water
- Meant to unify people
dynamis
“acts of power”
ergon
“work”
semeion
“sign”
conscience
- Definition of who we are on a deep level
- Supposed to be based on objective moral standards. It is supposed to be prudent judgement and compatible with who we are supposed to be
3 senses of conscience
- Conscience as a capacity to recognize right and wring
- Conscience as a process of moral reasoning
- Conscience as a judgement
hermenutics
How does the scriptural teaching apply to us today
magisteruim
the teaching authority of the Catholic Church, responsible for interpreting and preserving the truths of faith from Scripture and Tradition.
2 parts of magesterium
Ordinary Magisterium (regular teachings by the pope and bishops) and the Extraordinary Magisterium (solemn, definitive proclamations)
who comprises the magesterium
the pope and the bishops.
annulment
An annulment is a declaration that a marriage was invalid from the start because it lacked essential elements for a sacramental union, such as free consent or intent.
prophet and characteristics of one
- Confrontation
- Introduction
- Imparting of a Mission
- Objection by the Prophet to Be
- Reassurance by God
- Sign
vocation
Our calling; the person God calls us to be
5 proofs of Gods existence
Motion:There was a first mover that set all things in motion (BBT)
Causality:There must be a first cause (Cause and effect)
Contingency:There had to be a necessary being for us to exist
Perfection: We grade our lives and behaviour based on perfection (God)
Design: The universe is so perfect that if one slight thing was wrong, it will all fall apart.
3 conditions needed for mortal sins
- Sufficient knowledge and reflection
- Full consent of the will
- Serious matter - causes real evil to yourself or another person
purgatory
Sheol, (Purgatory) is a state of purification after death, where souls destined for heaven are cleansed of sin’s residual effects to achieve the holiness needed to enter God’s presence.
sermon on the mount
- collection of Jesus’ teachings in Matthew 5-7.
- It includes the Beatitudes, highlighting virtues for blessed living.
- Jesus teaches the Lord’s Prayer, moral guidance, and principles like love, humility, and forgiveness.
theotokos
God bearer
4 cardinal virtues
Prudence:The ability to make wise decisions
Justice: Giving others their due and acting fairly in all relationships.
Fortitude: Courage to face difficulties and remain steadfast in pursuing good.
Temperance: self-control in actions.
3 theological virtues
Faith:Belief in God and all that He has revealed.
Hope:Trust in God’s promises and the desire for eternal life.
Charity (Love): Loving God above all and loving others as oneself.
ex Nihilo
God is not dependent on any other matter (out of nothing)
transcendent
God exists outside time and space
omnipotent
all powerful
omnipresent
God being present everywhere at the same time
benevolent
God demonstrates his involvement through benevolence, which is how he shows love and kindness to us
kingdom of God
- Symbol/metaphor for God.
- Kingdom of God has come to you=God is now among you
4 types of love
Storge (Affection): Love between family members
Philia (Friendship): Deep friendship and camaraderie
Eros (Romantic Love): Passionate and romantic love between partners.
Agape (Unconditional Love):Selfless, sacrificial love
7 deadly sins
- Wrath
- Lust
- Gluttony
- Pride
- Greed
- Sloth
- Envy
mortal sin
A grave sin that destroys a person’s relationship with God. It requires full knowledge, deliberate consent, and a serious matter. If not repented, it results in separation from God.
venial sin
A less serious sin that weakens, but does not break, a person’s relationship with God. It can be forgiven through confession, prayer, and penance.
sin of omission
A sin committed by failing to do something good that one should have done.
sin of commision
A sin committed by actively doing something wrong or sinful. For example, lying or stealing.
social sin
Sins that result from societal structures, practices, or systems that cause injustice or harm, such as racism, poverty, and exploitation. These can affect the community or the broader society.
paraousia
second coming of christ and the end of time
eschatology
the study of the last things: death, judgement, heaven, purgatory, and hell
apocalyptic literature
- A style of writing that evolved during the time of Jesus
- Focus in the end of history and God’s final judgement
- It employed frightening imagery and end of time conflict between good and evil
revelation
revealing; making known
revealed theology
Natural law (Secular) → Natural Theology
Eternal Law → Revealed Theology
divine inspiration
Divine inspiration is the belief that God guided human authors in writing the Scriptures, ensuring that they communicated His truth while using their own language, culture, and literary style.
positive assistance theory
Basically the theory that God and the Holy Spirit intervenes with people’s lives to help them reach their full potential.
freud
id: driven by pleasure
ego: decision making
superego: judgment and morals
kohlberg
STAGE 1: punishment and obidence
Good or bad is seen in terms of obeying authority and avoiding punishment. Something is seen as okay as long as the person isn’t caught and punished
STAGE 2:Self-interest
Right is what makes me feel good; wrong is what makes me feel bad or gives me pain. If I am concerned about someone else, it is only because of what I can get out of it
STAGE 3: Good boy/girl
This is the peer pressure stage where moral decisions are made based on what will cause others to accept or reject me
STAGE 4: law and order
Right is what the law—or any legitimate authority—says is right.
STAGE 5: Social Contract
One goes beyond law and order or the approval of others; what is good for the rest of society. The common good is the goal.
STAGE 6:Principle
The highest level of moral development based on universal ethical principles; wellfare for all persons
tim o’connell
Capacity: knowing and doing what is good and actively seeking to avoid evil
Process: discovering the good through discemment, correct seeing, and right thinking. Searches for the good through accurate perception and reflection
Judgement: moves from correct thinking to actual action.
synderesis
includes moral consciousness. Discovery of basic moral principles. Christians believe that this is an inclination towards God. It can mean that even those who are not religious have an inate moral conscious.
gan eden
heaven
gehenna
considered to be hell; condemnation and punishment
purgatory
after death everyone went to Sheol; described as a dark place where people went and stayed for eternity
pasch
passover
virtue
virtue is to be found in the Golden Mean which includes finding the balance between means
- Courage (fortitude)
- Justice
- Temperance (self control)
- Wisdom (prudence)
incarnation
God incarnate; first introduced at the Council of Chalcedonian.
catechism
The catechism of the Catholic Church calls this the truth written upon ones heart, mind, or soul
4 vocations
single life, married life, religious order and priesthood
voluntary euthanasia
Ending life in painless manner
active euthanasia
- Actual act to end someone’s life or speed up the process
- Involves a second party
passive euthanasia
- Doctor doesn’t actively end the life, but withholds something to end it quicker
- Lacking food, water or medication.
involuntary euthanasia
- Case in which the consent is unavailable
- Considered murder
annulmennt
marriage was invalid from the beginning
divorce
end of legal contract for marriage in the eyes of the government not God
steps of a call story
- confrontation
- introduction
- imparting on a mission
- objection by the prophet to be
- reassurance by God
- sign
in vitro fertilizaiton
4
- procreation should be tied to marital act
- can lead to destruction of embryos
- third-party undermines unity
- adpotion is preferred
rationality
stealing from a large store does not hurt anybody
trivialization
not a big deal, everyone does it
misinformation
doing what you think is correct without research
end justifies means
i was hungry and stealing was fine in order to satisfy my hunger
difficult to reason
irrational actions
means to an end
killing is okay as long as it saves 2 lives
physical sight to behold
healing the mans blindness
spiritual sight to behold
understanding of Jesus being the messiah
divine sight to behold
miracle revealing God’s presence
exegesis
understanding biblical scripture
exegesis in bible passage
reassuring his people that there is a Father that will answer their prayers but they will come in different forms
hermenutics in bible passage
persistance in prayer an dseeking God’s will are essential aspects of Christian life
incarnation
God the son became fully human while remaining divine in he person of Jesus Christ.
