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Exam mistakes Flashcards

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1
Q

A role of cortisol during prolonged stress is to

A

Suppress the immune system

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2
Q

Literature review

A

Use secondary data to answer a question or provides research for comparison before conducting primary data investigations

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3
Q

Controlled experiment

A

An investigation where a causal relationship between two variables is tested in a controlled environment (involves manipulation of variable)

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4
Q

Correlational study

A

A study in which researchers observe and measure the relationship between two or more variables without any active control or manipulation of them

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5
Q

Modelling/stimulations

A

small/large scale presentation of an object to enable replication, explanation or investigation

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6
Q

Product, process or system development

A

Design and development of something to meet a human need, which may involve technological application (neurons to power artificial limbs)

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7
Q

Classification and identification

A

means to organize things by putting them into or constructing sets (finding new neurons e.g.)

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8
Q

Case study

A

An in-depth investigation of an individual, group, or particular phenomenon that contains a real or hypothetical situation and includes the complexities that would be encountered in the real world

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9
Q

Fieldwork (observational)

A

any research involving observation and interaction with people and environments in real-world settings, conducted beyond the laboratory

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10
Q

Difference between extraneous and controlled variable

A

Extraneous variable (EV) may have an unwanted effect on the DV, whereas controlled variable is an EV that has been held constant

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11
Q

Neuromodulator

A

Chemical molecules that have an effect on multiple postsynaptic
neurons, released into multiple neural synapses, have widespread modulatory effects as they can influence large areas of brain tissue,
produces relatively long-lasting effects, as they modulate neural activity more slowly than neurotransmitters

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12
Q

Gut-brain axis

A

The bidirectional connection between the gut and the brain through the enteric and central nervous systems.

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13
Q

Gut microbiome

A

all of the genes of the microorganisms that live in the gut

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13
Q

Gut microbiota

A

all of the microorganisms that live in the gut

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14
Q

Enteric nervous system

A

Refers to the network of nerves in the gut and is a subdivision
of the autonomic nervous system

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15
Q

Difference between written and oral cultures

A

written cultures can spread information more widely than oral cultures can

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16
Q

Written traditions

A

practices in which knowledge, stories, and customs are preserved and shared through writing and reading

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17
Q

Decay

A

When information is not renewed (not being used- through repetition)

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18
Q

Multimodal

A

using a variety of methods (8 ways of learning)

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18
Q

Displacement

A

Short-term memory where the capacity to retain info is restricted up to seven items at a 7

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19
Q

Mixed design

A

refers to an experimental design which combines elements of within-subjects and between-subjects designs.

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20
Q

Systems of knowledge

A

Understandings of how social, physical, and spiritual aspects are connected, and how they form knowledge and skills to promote survival and contribute to a strong sense of identity (sharing expertise)

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21
Q

7 domains of SEWB

A

Body, mind and emotions, Family and kinship, Community, Culture, Country, Spirituality and ancestors

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22
Q

Body (domain)

A
  • Connecting to physical body and health in order to participate in all aspects of life
  • Accessing good nutrition, managing illness, disability
22
Q

Community (domain)

A
  • Connecting to wider social systems, allowing families to connect with and support one another
  • Accessing and being part of community services and support networks
22
Q

Mind and emotions (domain)

A
  • Ability to effectively manage thoughts and emotions
  • Maintaining self-esteem, having confidence, sense of identity
22
Q

Family and kinship (domain)

A
  • Connecting to immediate and wider family group
  • Spending time with family, caring for the ill
23
Q

Country (domain)

A
  • Connecting to traditional lands of a particular language or cultural group, both geographically as well as spiritually, emotionally, and intellectually
  • Taking only what we need, belonging to land, maintaining connections to territories
23
Q

Culture (domain)

A
  • Identity, values, traditions, connecting with past, present and future
  • Elders passing on traditions, speaking local languages, participating in rites and rituals
24
Q

Spirituality and ancestors (domain)

A
  • Connecting to all things, shaping beliefs, values, and behaviours, guiding knowledge systems and culture
  • Knowing that one’s ancestors watch over them, offering guidance and answering questions when needed
25
Q

Mnemonics

A

are systems, techniques, or strategies implemented to consciously improve memory. They help you to encode, store and retrieve info by turning it into something more meaningful.

26
Q

How does episodic and semantic memory affect possibly imagined futures

A

Semantic is used to construct the picture, episodic is used for the scenario and to construct as well

27
Q

Ways of knowing

A

where learning is viewed as being embedded in relationships where the learner is part of a multimodal system of knowledge patterned on Country

28
Q

Method of loci

A

You first start with a series of well known locations, and ‘attach’ each word or concept to each location. Then you take a physical walk or mental walk to recall each of these items.

29
Q

Benzodiazepines assist with GABA dysfunction by

A

Making the receptor sites on the post-synpatic neuron become more responsive to GABA

30
Q

How do you increase capacity of short-term memory

A

Chunking: The grouping, or ‘packing’ of separate bits of information into a larger single unit, or ‘chunk of information’, e.g. mobile number has 10 numbers, to chunk it, it separates it into 0402, 945, 602

31
Q

Acute stress

A

a form of stress characterised by intense psychological and physiological symptoms that are brief in duration

32
Q

Chronic stress

A

is a form of stress that endures for several months or longer

33
Q

Effects of cortisol

A

Suppress immune system, increases arousal and resistance

34
Q

Basal ganglia

A

encodes and stores classically conditioned memories

35
Q

Cerebellum

A

encodes and stores implicit procedural memories

36
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

are biological and behavioural changes that occur as part of a cycle that lasts around 24 hours (sleep-wake cycle)

37
Q

Ultradian rhythm

A

are biological and behavioural changes that occur in a cycle that lasts less than 24 hours. (sleep cycles of REM/NREM)

38
Q

Mindfulness meditation

A

Individual focuses on their present experience to promote feelings of calm and peace

39
Q

Pupils in SNS/PNS

A

Sympathetic: Dilate
Parasympathetic: Constrict

40
Q

Bronchioles in SNS/PNS

A

Sympathetic: Relaxed
Parasympathetic: Constricts

41
Q

Stimulation in SNS/PNS

A

Sympathetic: Stimulates glucose
Parasympathetic: Stimulates bile production

42
Q

Sprouting

A

growth of dendritic spines (bushier dendrites), growth of filigree appendages (axon sprouts, synaptogenesis), formation of additional synapses

43
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Learning process in which the likelihood of a particular behaviour occuring is determined by the consequences of that behaviour

44
Q

Rerouting

A

the formation of new neural connections to establish alternative neural pathways

45
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Learning that occurs through the repeated association of two (or more) different stimuli (learner is passive)

46
Q

Sung narratives

A

Stories told through singing, music and sometimes dance

47
Q

Songlines

A

Sung narratives of the landscape that weave across Country and enable every significant place in Aboriginal Dreaming to be known

48
Q

Progression of memory loss due to Alzheimer’s

A
  1. Hippocampus is damaged first
  2. Trouble forming episodic/semantic memories
  3. Then trouble retrieving explicit memories (episodic) and constructing possibly imagined futures
  4. neocortex is now damaged
  5. Trouble retrieving semantic memory
  6. implicit now affected elsewhere
49
Q

Three effects of shift work

A

Sleep fragmentation (sleep quality)
Sleep quantity
Sleep timing (shift sleep-wake cycle)

50
Q

Three common features of stress, anxiety and phobia

A

All have internal/external factors, all can be maladaptive, activate F-F-F response, can impair functioning and contribute to mental disorder

51
Q

Action potential

A

The neural message, in the form of an electrical impulse, sent down the axon of a neuron when certain conditions met

52
Q

Counterbalancing

A

A method to reduce order effects that involves ordering experimental conditions in a certain way

53
Q

2 key aspects of Spinal reflex

A

Adaptive response
Evolutionary response

Psychology (2 decks)

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