Exam Lectures Flashcards
What is growth according to self-expansion theory?
People are motivated to broaden their sense of self by having novel experiences, learning new skills and perspectives
What is one example of a way to grow?
Starting a relationship
Aron et al (2000) examined the relationship between engaging in novel and arousing activities with partner and _____________
Increased relationship quality
What was the hypothesis of the novel activities study by Aaron (2000)
Novel and arousing activities increase relationship quality
How do we maintain passion in relationships?
Increasing growth by engaging in novel activities (date nigh) with your partner
What is common with all self expanding shared activities
Exciting activities
What are key components to exciting shared activities? (5)
- Novelty
- Arousing
- Positive
- Interesting
- Challenging (balance, not too much or too little)
Why is it important that the exciting activities are shared?
The excitement from the activity might be transferred to your partner
Is there a set list of self-expanding activities?
No, it is different for different people
What was the design of the novel activities study by Aron (2000)
- Pretest measure of satisfaction and passion
- Performed a task together
- Post test questionnaire of satisfaction and passion
What were the results of the novel activity study
Greater increase in relationship quality following the novel-arousing activities than the more mundane activity and no activity control group
What were the 3 conditions in the novel activity study
- A novel-arousing task
- A mundane task
- No activity control group
What was the IV in the 4 week excitement intervention program study
Activity Homework:
- Excitement intervention program
- Control group (on wait list for excitement intervention program)
What was the DV for the 4 week excitement intervention program study
- Positive affect
- relationship satisfaction
Excitement
What was the design of the 4 week excitement intervention program study
- Couples made a list of 10 shared activities that had qualities such as novelty, excitement, interest and challenge
- Completed these for 90 minutes a week
What were the results of the excitement intervention program study
Couples that participated displayed increased positive affect, excitement, and relationship satisfaction four weeks later compared to those in a control group
Daily fluctuations in self expansion are associated with ________
daily relationship quality
Approach relationship goals (3)
Pursue growth
Development
Fun
Avoidance relationship goals
Avoid pain and conflict
Daily measures of expansion likelihood study measures (3)
- Relationship goals
- Relationship self-expansion
- Occurrence of shared self expanding activity
Result from the daily diary self-expansion study on a persons own approach goals
Higher daily approach goals reported higher levels of daily self wxpansion
Result from the daily diary self-expansion study On their PARTNER’s approach goals
When your partner’s approach goals were higher your self expansion was higher
Result from the daily diary self-expansion study On their PARTNER’s approach goals
When your partner’s approach goals were higher your self expansion was higher
Result from the daily diary self-expansion study on occurance of exciting shared activities
Higher approach goals were linked to increased daily self expansion is because of greater occurance of exciting shared activities
Planning fun date study hypothesis
People with high approach goals are more likely to plan and engage in dates that have more exciting properties
Results of planning fun date study
People with higher approach relationship goals displayed a higher inclination to plan dates that were more exciting
Results of partners actually going on the date that they planned in the planning fun date study
People with higher approach relationship goals were more likely to engage in dates with more exciting qualities
Summary of results of the approach goals and shared activities studies for people with increased approach goals (3)
- Increased daily self expansion
- Increased occurrence of self-expanding activities
- Increased inclination to plan and engage in self-expanding, exciting dates
What was the IV of the 1st study examining whether boredom prompts people to self-expand (2)
Boredom context
Control
What was the DV of the 1st study examining whether boredom prompts people to self-expand (2)
- “Should” ratings for self expanding activities
2. . Likely ratings for self expanding activities
In the 1st study examining whether boredom prompts people to self-expand, when people knew that they were bored, they should ________
engage in self expanding activities
In the 1st study examining whether boredom prompts people to self-expand, what was the likelihood ratings of actually engaging in the self expanding activities
People in BOTH the self expanding and control condition gave the same ratings of likelihood
What were the 2 IVs of the 2nd In the 1st study examining whether boredom prompts people to self-expand
- Boredom prime
2. Control
What were the 2 DVs of the 2nd study examining whether boredom prompts people to self-expand
- Intentions to engage in exciting new activities
2. Intentions to engage in familiar and comfortable activities
What were the result of the 2nd study examining whether boredom prompts people to self-expand (2)
- People primed with boredom had greater intentions to try novel activities over familiar activities in the next week
- People in the bored condition were more likely to plan exciting dates and less familiar dates
In the daily diary self-expansion study, people that experienced more daily threat were ______ likely to engage in self expanding activities
less
In the daily diary self-expansion study, when they themselves and their partner were experiencing more daily threat were _______ likely to self expand
less
Summary of self expanding shared activities, they are:
- Exciting
- Associated with increases in relationship quality
- Can potentially be prompted by boredom
People who have higher approach relationship goals have ______ self-expansion and plan/engage in _____ self-expanding activities
greater
more
People who have higher threat concerns have _______ self expansion
lower
What was the focus of relationship maintenance when the field emerged?
“Putting out fires” and reducing negativity
How do partners respond when a partner is in need examples? (3)
- Listen to partner
- Affiliative behaviours (eg. hug)
- Provide comfort
Social support in relationships study design
One couple member (support seeker) disclosed personal problem to problem (care-giver) while being videotapes
What 3 things were measured in the social support in relationships study
- Participants completed measures of how the interaction went
- Research assistants coded them on:
- support giving behaviour
- support seeking behaviour
In the social support in relationships study, _________ behaviour (from the care-seeker) led partners to respond with more helpful forms of caregiving (care givers).
Responsive caregiving then lead____________
- Direct support seeking
2. seekers to feel cared for and experience increased mood
In the social support in relationships study, couples in ___________ engaged in more __________ interactions
- better functioning relationships
2. supportive
Capitalizing on positive events:
sharing positive news and how the partner responds to you sharing good news
When partner shares good news, what is the best way to respond?
Reciprocating with positive energy
What were the 2 questions that were explored in the Capitalization on good news with partner study
- Is communicating personal positive events with others associated with increased daily positive affect and well being?
- Does the manner a partner responds to these positive events affect relationship well being?
When a person experiences a positive event, positive affect and life satisfaction were higher on the days that the person __________
Shared the positive event
When you share good news about a positive event that happens to you, what type of partner response is associated with increased relationship satisfaction
Scoring high on the active, constructive capitalization responses
Gratitude in a relationship serves as fuel to increase what?
Mutually responsive behaviours
Definition of gratitude
Positive emotional response to intentionally-provided benefits from another
In the study of everyday gratitude in couples as a way to promote relationship growth, each day the participants were asked to record what 3 things?
- Their own and their partner’s thoughtful actions
- Their emotional response to interactions with their partner
- Relationship well being from that day
What was the hypothesis of the study of everyday gratitude in couples?
Gratitude would produce increases in relationship well-being, for the grateful recipient and for the benefactor
In the study of everyday gratitude in couples, it was found that partner’s thoughtful gesture predicted ________ feelings of gratitude
Increased
In the study of everyday gratitude in couples, feelings of gratitude one day predicted ______________ on the subsequent day
increased feeling of relationship quality with the partner
In movie-relationship satisfaction study, what were the 3 intervention groups couples were assigned to?
- Compassion training
- Conflict management
- Relationship awareness through film
For the movie-relationship satisfaction study, was was the 20 hours a week comprised on in the compassion and conflict management conditions
- weekly lectures
- supervised practice sessions
- homework assignments
For the movie-relationship satisfaction study, was was the 20 hours a week comprised of in the movie condition?
Half of the time was for assignments and the other half of the time was spent watching movies
In the movie-relationship satisfaction study, how were the movies use for therapy?
They watched a relationship movie and discussed a list of question about the screen couple’s interactions afterward and report how similar they were to the couple in the movie
Which early marital training resulted in the best outcomes in the movie-relationship satisfaction study?
All were equally good
The divorce and separation rate was ____% for the training groups vs ___% for the control group in the movie-relationship satisfaction study
11%
24%
What was the bottom line o the movie-relationship satisfaction study
Couples have tools at home to make the relationship better (like a movie and discussion)
Aron proposed that we have relationships why
To increase self efficacy
Self efficacy:
one’s belief about their ability to succeed in situations
We increase our self efficacy in relationships by adopting: (3)
Resources
Point of view
Identity
What is including self in other
In close relationships our identities can overlap
When married couples were assessed in their ability to discern if a trait belonged to them or their partner they were faster to respond when ______ and slower to respond when______?
Faster: when the trait was true for both
Slower: when the trait was true/false for one but not the other
Rusbult argued that there are 3 factors that contribute to a decision to stay together with a partner:
- Relationship satisfaction
- Investment
- Quality of alternative
4 types of violence in relationships
Physical
Sexual
Psychological
Emotional
3 reasons according to the investment model for why people might stay in an abusive relationship
- Don’t beleive there are better alternatives
- Do not see themselves as worthy of better
- Do not want to waste time and energy invested
Facebook jealousy
feelings of jealousy regarding facebook use of behaviour
What attachment style reports more and less facebook jealousy
more: anxiously attached
less: avoidantly attached
What partially explains the relationship between anxious attachment style and facebook jealousy y
trust
Those high in what attachment style report more infidelity in dating relationships?
avoidant
What might be a possible explanation for why avoidant people cheat more in dating relationships
They are less committed to the relationship
What attachment style reported more cheeting in when married?
High attachment anxiety
What attachment style engages in more continuing bonds (trying to maintain conection) after a break up
Anxiously attached people
After a break up people report feeling a change in self concept _____
clarity
Who is the father of attachment theory
John Bowlby
3 stages of attachment that ate critical to optimal development
Proximity seeking
Safe haven
Secure base
Proximity seeking:
Desire to want to be near an attachment figure
Safe haven
Ability to feel comfortable and able to turn to an attachment figure in times of distress
Secure base
having an available and encouraging figure
4 characteristics of attachment anxiety
- Fear of abandonment
- feel anything good may disappear at any moment
- look for a lot of reassurance
- may become volitile
4 characteristics of attachment avoidance
- fear of closeness
- feel getting too close to anyone is dangerous
- detached
- may seem remote and cold
What is the central assumption of attachment styles
The kinds of bonds we form with our primary caregivers early in life influence the types pf relationships we form as adults
What is the “strange situation” experiment
See how a child reacts when a stranger comes in the room, when the mom leaves and when the mom comes back
Characteristics of a caregiver who promotes secure attachment (3)
- Available, responsive and helpful
- Used as a secure base for exploration
- Sought in times of distress
Characteristics of a child with secure attachment (2)
- Easily soothed when distressed
- Comfortable with exploring environment
Characteristics of a caregiver who promotes avoidant attachment (2)
- Insensitive, unavailable and rejects child’s needs
- May withdraw from assisting with difficult tasks
Characteristics of a child with avoidant attachment (2)
- Is emotionally and physically independent of a care giver
- Does not seek contact with care giver when distressed
Characteristics of a caregiver who promotes anxious attachment (2)
- Slow or inconsistent in responding to a child’s needs
- may interfere with child’s exploration
Characteristics of a child with anxious attachment (5)
- Clingy
- Rejects attachment figure
- Fails to develop feelings of security
- less exploring
- difficult to sooth
When men and women are insecurely attached, what tends to be their attachment style?
Men = avoidant Women = anxious
Secure children describe relationship with parents as:
Warm
Avoidant children describe mother as:
cold and rejecting
Anxious children report their father as:
unfair
What are the 4 attachment styles according to the avoidance-anxiety paradigm
- Secure (low avoid, low anx)
- Preoccupied (low avoid, high anx)
- Dismissive (high avoid, low anx)
- Fearful (high avoid, high anx)
People tend to pair with others with _____ attachment styles as them
similar
When are differences in attachment styles most apparent?
During conflict
Distress following a breakup in people with secure attachment
Lowest levels of stress
Felt capable of coping
Distress following a breakup in people with insecure attachment
More self defeating thoughts
More social withdrawal
Are attachment styles permanent
no
If we increase our avoidant attachment style, what happens to our partner’s attachment style
Becomes more avoidant or anxious
If we become more securly attached, what happens to our partners attachment style
Becomes more secure
Results of “Daily relationship experiences” study about what happens on days when their partner experiences more daily threats
They themselves report less self expansion
Results of “Daily relationship experiences” study about engaging in exciting activities when they reported more daily threats
They were less likely to engage in an exciting activity
Bottom-up approach to research
Asking lay people how they conceptualize a concept to provide a start of a theory
Some things are more prototypical than others
On average, ordinary people’s views of love fit a ________ view of love
companionate
Triangular theory of love what what 3 components
Intimacy (warmth)
Passion (heat)
Commitment (cold)
Intimacy
warmth, understanding, trust, support, sharing
Passion
Physical arousal, desire, excitement
Commitment
permanence, stability, devotion
Intimacy only =
liking
Passion only =
Infatuation
Commitment only =
empty love
Intimacy + commitment =
Companionate love
Passion + intimacy =
romantic love
Passion + commitment =
fatuous love
Passion + intimacy + commitment =
Consummate love
Berschid’s 4 Types of romantic love
- Romantic
- Companionate
- Compassionate
- Attachment
Berschid’s Romantic love
Passionate love
Combination of sexual desire or attraction with intense emotions of love
Two factor theory of emotion
Argues that high arousal, regardless of its source, will produce passionate love as long as one attributes their agitated state to passion
What is the famous study for the two factor theory of emotion?
The bridge study
Design of the bridge study
An attractive women approached unaccompanied young men, asked a few questions and asked them to make up a story in response to a picture
What were the dependent variables in the bridge study
- Did they call the attractive experimenter
2. Imagery in the stories (sexual
Results of the bridge study
- Greater occurrence of phone calls in the high arousal condition
- Greater sexual imagery in the high arousal condition
What were the results of the study that examined mens attraction to the same women with high or low attractiveness when the men were in high or low arousal conditions
- All men liked the more attractive woman version of the woman more
- Men in the high arousal condition liked the attractive woman more AND liked the unattractive woman less
What did Acevedo and Aron argue about romantic love?
What it does not inevitable die out and turn into companionate love
Obsession was positively correlated with relationship satisfaction in ________ relationships but negatively associated with _______ relationships
Short term
Long term
Berschid’s companionate love
Friendship love, enjoy spending time together
Berschid’s compassionate love
“Altruistic love”
Involves self sacrifice
What were the results of a daily diary study describing their own companionate acts and their perceptions of their partner’s compassionate acts in couples
Compassionate love acts contributed to both spouses daily marital satisfaction
Berschid’s attachment love
Desire to be attached to a person for protection or the good of oneself, feel safe with them
Concerning love, there are ____________ between men and women than differences
more similarities
Men or women have more relationship awareness
women
men or women more likely to seek therapy for marriage troubles
women
sex is more central to men or women’s conception of intimacy
men’s
There are more differences in love ____ sexes than between sexes
within
Common characteristics of love in Western (individualistic) cultures (3)
- Love = personal happiness
- Focus on romance, sexuality and autonomy
- Individual mate selection
Common characteristics of love in Eastern (Collectivist) cultures (3)
- Love = unrequited feelings, sorrow and sadness
- Focus on family stability and social standing
- Family selects mate
5 differences of relationships now as compared to back in the day
- Less people marrying
- Waiting longer to marry
- Cohabitate before marriage
- People have babies without being marries
- Greater levels of divorce
Does love last according to a cross sectional study?
You get s U-shaped curve of happiness
Does love last according to a longitudinal study?
On average, love steadily declines over time
The first book on male and female anatomy was written by
Alred Kinsey
What was Masters and Johnson’s contribution to sex research
Observed and studied sex in the lab for the first time
What are the 4 reasons people have sex
- Emotional
- Physical
- Pragmatic (attain a goal)
- Insecurity
What does the frequency of couples having sex depend on?
The type and duration of the relationship
Do couples or single people have more sex?
Couples
How often do young, cohabitating couples have sex
3 times a week
Older married couples have sex an average of __ times a week
2
Older people have sex ____ frequently than younger people
less
In the past year yes/no had sex?:
__% in late 20s
__% men and __% women in 50s
__% men and __% women in 70s
86% 20s
58% men 51% women 50s
43% men and 22% women 70s
What sexual orientation couple has the most sex?
Gay men
Sociosexuality:
The extent to which a person is comfortable with having sex in the absence of love and commitment
How do men differ than women in their sex drive? (4)
- masturbate more
- have sex more often
- want to being having sex sooner
- are more accepting of casual sex
Results of the sex thoughts golf tally tracker (3)
- Men has greater thoughts for all need based cognitions
- No gender x sexual cognition interaction
- Men estimated that they would think about sex more often than women, but not for food or sleep
More frequent sex is associated with a ______ sex life
happier
Is it quality or quantity that is important in a sex life
Quality
Approach goals and avoidance goals in sexual satisfaction
People who have sex because they want positive outcomes are more satisfied in their relationships than if they have sex to avoid negative outcomes
Perceived relational value
The degree to which others consider their relationships with us to be valuable, important or close
Maximum inclusion
Others seek ys out and go out of their way to interact with us
Active inclusion
Others welcome us but do not seek us out
Passive inclusion
Others allow us to be included
Ambivalence
Others do not care whether we are included or not
Passive exclusion
Others ignore us but do not avoid us
Active exclusion
Others avoid us, tolerating our presence when necessary
Maximal exclusion
Others banish us, sending us away or abandon us
What 2 things do our emotional reactions to acceptance/rejection depend on?
- How much we want to be accepted bu others
2. Whether the person regards us positively (rejection hurts less when it is out of competition)
Hurt feelings occurs when
When our perceived relational value is lower than we want it to be
In terms of acceptance, our self esteem increases sharply when we move from ________ to others wanting us around
ambivalence
Does self esteem take more of a hit the stronger the rejection
Not really, any rejection hurts just as much
Ostracism
Extreme form of rejection where a person is ignored by those around them
What is a common example of ostracism
the silent treatment
Ostracism threatens what need?
The need to belong
What were the IVs in the Cyber toss with couples study
- Ostracism (included vs excluded)
2. Partner involvement (partner involved vs not involved)
What were the DVs in the cyber toss with couples study
Feelings of closeness, relationship satisfaction, investments and commitment
What were the results of the cyber ball toss with couples study
Individuals evaluated their relationship more negatively if they were in the ostracism groups and if their partner was “in” the game
Jealousy:
A special form of concern for loss of relational value to a real or imagined rival
What are the 2 types of jealousy
Reactive and suspicious
Reactive jealousy:
Aware of an active, realistic threat to a valued relationship
Suspicious jealousy
Non-realistic threat to a values relationship, overactive imagination
6 characteristics of people who are more prone to jealousy:
- High levels of dependence
- Low alternative
- Low self esteem
- Low mate value (don’t think you bring much to the table)
- Fear of abandonment attachment style, especially preoccupied version
- High neuroticism
Men are more sensitive to sexual infidelity due to:
paternity uncertainty
Women are more sensitive to emotional infidelity due to:
fear of loss of resources
Betrayal:
Disagreeable, hurtful actions by people we trust that are associated with drops in percived relaitional value
Often betrayal in friendships are caused by what? (3)
- Sharing secrets
- not defending friend
- involvement with ones romantic partner
Rejection in friendships usually involves
Not inviting a person to a social event
Interpersonal conflict is based on incompatible (5) with another person
- motives
- goals
- beliefs
- opinions
- behaviours
4 conflict instigating events
- Criticism
- Illegitimate demands
- Rebuffs
- Cumulative annoyance
Criticism
Verbal or non verbal acts that are judges to communicate dissatisfaction with a partner’s behaviour
Illegitimate demands
Unjust requests that exceed normal expectations in the relationship
Rebuffs
Appeals to another for a desired reaction are not returned with the desired reaction
Cumulative annoyances
Relatively trivial events that become irritating with repetition
If you avoid a conflict, it is perceived as ______ or ______ – conflict might end here
trivial or insolvable
If partners engage and escalate a conflict:
It heats up and often involves dysfunctional communication patterns
If partners engage and negotiate a conflict:
They find a solution through rational problem solving
4 horsemen of conflict
- Criticism
- . Contempt
- Defensiveness
- Stonewalling
Criticism
Global complaints with internal attributions
Contempts
Sneering, disgust, mockery
Defensiveness
Blaming partner
Stonewalling
Disengaging
Directly escalating a conflict
Explicitly challenging the partner on the issue
Indirectly escalating the conflict
Intentions are less straight forward, like whining, changing topics
Demand-withdraw patterns can escalate a conflict. What is this pattern
When one partner engages in demanding forms of behaviour (complaints, pressure for change) while the other partner engages in withdrawing forms of behaviours (avoiding)
Who are more likely to be the demanders and who are more likely to be the withdrawers
Demanders: women
Withdrawers: men
Why might the gender differences in the demand withdraw pattern exist?
Differences in power between the genders
|»_space; If you have more power (male) it is easier to not engage because there are few consequences
Direct tactics to negotiate conflict (4)
- Accept responsibility
- Paraphrase the other’s argument
- Self disclosure
- Add approval and affection
Indirect tactics to negotiate conflict
Friendly humour to lighten the mood
What 2 theories is accommodation (conflict negotiation) based on?
- Interdependence theory
2. Exit-voice-loyalty-neglect Model
Exit-voice-loyalty-neglect Model
Passive – Active
Destructive - Constructive
Continuums for conflict
Exit
Leave partner, threaten to leave, abuse (Active destruction)
Voice
Trying to improve the situation with discussion, obtain advice from therapist or friend, change behaviour (Active Constructive)
Loyalty
Waiting and hoping things will improve (Passive Constructive)
Neglect
Avoiding discussion, spending time away from partner (Passive Destructive)
Accommodation (the golden rule)
When partners behave destructively, responding back constructively instead of lashing out destructively too
Volatile couples
Have frequent and passionate arguments
- High levels of positive and negative affect
Validator couples
Affirms, polite fighters
Avoiding couples
- Rarely argue
- Low levels of negative affect
Hostile couples
- nasty fighters
- high levels of negative affect
Separation to end conflict
When one or both partners withdraws from the conflict to cool off
Domination to end conflict
One partner gets his or her way and the other gets nothing
Integrative agreements to end conflict
Satisfy both partners’ goals and aspirations through creativity and flexibility
Structural improvements to end conflict
Rethink habits in the relationship
Reward power
Rewards, tangible or intangible
Coercive power
Get your way through punishment or threat
Legitimate power
One person actually has authority
Referent power
Others doing things for you because they want to remain close to you
Expert power
Is the expert in the situation, thought to be right by default
Informational power
Has power the other person wants
Which gender uses more direct and bilateral strategies to get what they want
Males
Which gender used more indirect and unilateral strategies to get what they want
Females
Bilateral strategies to get what you want
Seek goals through interaction with partner
Unilateral strategy to get what you want
Do what they want by themselves (without consulting partner)
What power dynamic results in the most happiness in couples
equal power
Which model can help explain why people stay in abusive relationships
Investment model
3 factors that contribute to the stability of a relationship according to the investment model
All three together are commitment
- Satisfaction: costs < rewards
- Quality of alternatives: other partners, other life options
- Level of investment: emotions, children, home, friends
Commitments predicts what
Whether someone will stay or go in a relationship
Women in abusive relationships reported greater levels of commitment to abusive partner when (2)
- Alternatives were low
2. Investments were high
What attachment style in men is most likely to abuse
Men who score high on fear of abandonment (anxious ambivalents)
Approx ____ of all marriages end in divorce
half
6 reasons divorce rates might have increased
- Higher expectations
- Societal changes (women can work, more independent)
- Increased individualism and social mobility makes us less affected by community norms
- Laws making divorce easier
- Grew up in a divorced household
- More people around us are divorced
Barrier model involved 3 factors that influcence the break-up of the relationship
- Attraction (enhanced by rewards and diminished by costs)
- Alternatives
- Barriers (legal and social pressures, cost of breakup)
Vulnerability-Stress Adaptation Model highlights 3 contributors to divorce
- Enduring vulnerabilities (baggage)
- Stressful events
- Adaptation (stressful events and enduring vulnerabilities makes some people less able to deal)
Who were the subjects in the PAIR Project and what was the goal?
Follow 168 couples over 30 years to examine how couples adapt to their lives together
What were the findings of the relationship status of the PAIR project after 13 years
35% divorced
20% unhappy
45% happily married
What were the 3 main reasons for divorce in the PAIR project
- Enduring dynamics
- Emergent distress
- Disillusionment
Enduring Dynamics
Baggage and personal histories that we bring to the relationship
Emergent Dynamics
Problems that emerge in the relationship after they get married
Disillusionment
The positive and romanticized views of the relationship begin to fade
In the PAIR project, what was found to be the biggest predictor of divorce
Disillusionment
Couples who experienced the steepest declines in positive affect, passion and romanticism divorced the most
What did the Early Years of Marriage project discover about the racial differences in divorce rates after 16 years of marriage
36% of white couples divorced
55% of the black couples divorced
Why was there more divorce in black couples
Lower socio economic status
What did the Marital Instability over the Life Cource study find about the reasons for divorce
Issues in the relationship (infidelity, poor communication)
Aside from the relational context (interactions between partners), what other 2 things can influence relationship
- Cultural context (divorce laws, social norms)
2. Personal context (friends, family)`
People who desired to use their partner as an attachment figure after the breakup reported ________ emotional adjustment
less
Higher attachment anxiety was associated with ________ emotional adjustment right after and a month after the breakup
less
The dumper and the mutual dumpers were _____ emotionally adjected than the dump-ees
more
What were the results of the study of people who had recently broken up with someone and journaled with either a positive, negative or neutral focus looking at positive and negative affect
- Participants in the positive writing condition increased in positive affect
- There were no differences between the conditions in the experiences in negative emotions
2 steps in bottom up prototype development
- Feature generation
2. Centrality rating
How does boredom come about according to the self expantion model
At the beginning of the relationship there is lots of grown, but then there is a deceleration in the merger of the self and other, which leads to feelings of tiredness and boredom
2 themes that emerged from the prototype defining of relational boredom
- Absence of positivity in relationship
2. Disengagement (rather not spend time with them)
dimensional model of relationship quality
Appetitive (flourishing to stagnent)
Aversive (sanctuary to insecurity)
According to the dimensional model of relational boredom, what can it be conceptualized as
A low appetitive challenge
Relational boredom is correlated with decreased: (5)
- Relationship satisfaction
- Exciting activities in the relationship
- Passionate love
- Closeness
- Intrinsic relationship motivation
Relationship boredom is correlated with increased: (4)
- Conflict
- Depression and loneliness
- Attraction to alternatives
- Length of relationship
