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Geriatrics > Exam IV (ch. 18) > Flashcards

Exam IV (ch. 18) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the leading cause of fatal and non-fatal injuries for older Americans?

A

Falls

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2
Q

What percentage of Americans (65 and older) fall each year?

A

25%

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3
Q

Every ___ seconds an older adult is treated in the Emergency Department from a fall.

A

11 seconds

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4
Q

Every ___ minutes an older adult dies as a result of a fall.

A

19 minutes

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5
Q

T or F: Recurrent fallers are those who have fallen two or more times in either 3 or 6 months

A

False

6 or 12 months

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6
Q 
Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic fall risk factor: 
Gait
Fear of Falling 
Muscle weakness
Improper use of assistive device
A

Improper use of assistive device

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7
Q

_______ is achieved by continually positioning the body’s COG over the BOS during static and dynamic task

A

Postural control

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8
Q

What three body systems does postural control depend on?

A

Sensory, central nervous, and neuromuscular

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9
Q

Sensory information are gathered through _____ ,_____, and _____ systems

A

somatosensory, vision, and vestibular

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10
Q

What are the age related declines (intrinsic fall risk factors) in the somatosensory system?

A 
Decreased light touch
Decreased proprioception
Decreased two-point discrimination
Decreased vibration sense
Decreased muscle spindle activity
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11
Q

What are the health condition related intrinsic fall risk factors in the somatosensory system?

A

Diabetic/Idiopathic neuropathy
Spinal stenosis
Stroke
Multiple Sclerosis

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12
Q

What are the essential visual components in the visual input system?

A

Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, depth perception, and peripheral vision

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13
Q

What are the age related declines (intrinsic fall risk factors) in the visual system?

A

Decreased visual acuity
Decreased contrast sensitivity
Decreased depth perception

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14
Q

What are the health condition related intrinsic fall risk factors in the visual system?

A 
Cataracts
Macular degeneration 
Glaucoma
Stroke 
Use of progressive, bifocal or trifocal corrective lenses
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15
Q

Vestibular input: provides CNS with information about angular acceleration of the head via _________

A

semi-circular canals

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16
Q

Vestibular input: Provides CNS with information about linear acceleration of the head via the ________

A

otoliths

17
Q

What strategy do older adults utilize the most?

A

Hip Strategy

18
Q

What strategy involves bending knees during standing or ambulation for the purpose of maintaining a stable position during a perturbation

A

Suspensory strategy

19
Q

What are the age related declines (intrinsic fall risk factors) in the CNS?

A

Decreased coordination

20
Q

What are the health condition related intrinsic fall risk factors in the CNS?

A

Parkinson’s Disease
Stroke
Cerebellar Atrophy

21
Q

What are the health condition related intrinsic fall risk factors in the neuromuscular system?

A

Impaired postural alignment
Osteoporosis with vertebral fracture and kyphosis
Diabetes with distal motor neuropathy
Lower limb joint disease (such as arthritis)
Spinal stenosis

22
Q

What are the age related declines (intrinsic fall risk factors) in the neuromuscular system?

A 
Slowing of muscle timing/sequence
Decreased ROM/flexibility
Decreased muscle endurance 
Decreased LE muscle strength, torque, and power 
Delayed distal muscle latency 
Increased co-contraction 
Impaired postural alignment
23
Q

What is contrast sensitivity and how is it measured?

A

The ability to detect subtle differences in shading and pattern

Hamilton-Veale contrast test chart

24
Q

What is depth perception?

A

The ability to distinguish distances between objects

25
Q

T or F: Loss of peripheral vision most typically seen with macular degeneration and has been related to falling

A

False!

central vision

26
Q

In regards to MMT, what three factors have all been related to increased risk of falling for seniors living in the community?

A

Toe Flexor strength
Ankle ROM
Severe hallux valgus

Geriatrics (3 decks)

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