Exam IV (ch. 17) Flashcards
What are the four locomotor functions?
Shock absorbance, stance stability, propulsion and energy conservation
In terms of gait and aging, what are some common motor changes?
Decreased motor neuron conduction velocity
Periarticular connective tissue stiffness
Decreased number of motor fibers
Central nervous system integrative changes might include
loss of ____ and altered level of neurotransmitter
production resulting in ______ and
decreased facility of movement presenting as _____
brain cells
slowed reaction time
motor control deficits
T or F: Alignment and arthrokinematic changes can result
from or be caused by changes in strength and flexibility
with aging
True
What is one of the more common habitual postures of the older adult?
A kyphotic trunk, with or without flexion at the
hips and knees
T or F: typical gait changes in older adults include a decreased variability of gait
False
Parkinson’s disease is associated with decreased speed, ____ step length, and _____ variability of gait
decreased
increased
___, ____, and _____ constraints
determine the ultimate movement strategies used
within specific gait challenges
Individual, task, and environmental
T or F: Range of motion, strength, motor control, sensation, or endurance are considered psychological factors of individual constraints.
False
Physical factors
According to Lerner-Frankiel et al:
A. What is the the suggested minimum standard for community ambulation in order to walk?
B. And at what speed does the individual need to walk for the purpose of crossing the street safely?
a. 332 m
b. 79 m/min for 27 m
What is the speed requirement for safe street crossing in rural areas?
30 m/min
What is the speed requirement for safe street crossing in urban areas?
82.5 m/min
What is the mean walking distance for grocery stores?
380.6 m
What is the mean walking distance for “super stores”?
606.6 m
What is the mean walking distance for club warehouse stores?
676.8 m
What is the most commonly used assistive device in non-institutionalized adults older than age 65 years?
A cane
T or F: The goal for a physical therapy is to prescribe the MOST restrictive assistive device that provides the exact degree of stability and support required by the patient.
False
Least restrictive
What is a key factor to safe mobility of assistive devices?
Proper adjustment and maintenance of assistive devices
The hip moves from ____ degrees of flexion early in
stance to ____ degrees of extension late in stance.
30 degrees
10 degrees
The knee is nearly fully extended at initial contact
and again in midstance and reaches its peak of
___ degrees of flexion by the end of initial swing
60
The ankle displays its maximal amount of dorsiflexion (___ degrees) when the tibia rolls over the foot at the end of midstance and its maximal amount of plantar flexion (__ degrees) during the transition from preswing to initial swing
10
20
What type of training is an excellent component of a physical therapist intervention aimed at improving mobility?
Obstacle course training
T or F: Training under dual-task conditions does improve performance and retention on those dual tasks but does NOT transfer to novel dual-task conditions
True
