Exam IV (ch. 17)

Question 1

What are the four locomotor functions?

Answer 1

Shock absorbance, stance stability, propulsion and energy conservation

Question 2

In terms of gait and aging, what are some common motor changes?

Answer 2

Decreased motor neuron conduction velocity
Periarticular connective tissue stiffness
Decreased number of motor fibers

Question 3

Central nervous system integrative changes might include
loss of ____ and altered level of neurotransmitter
production resulting in ______ and
decreased facility of movement presenting as _____

Answer 3

brain cells
slowed reaction time
motor control deficits

Question 4

T or F: Alignment and arthrokinematic changes can result
from or be caused by changes in strength and flexibility
with aging

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What is one of the more common habitual postures of the older adult?

Answer 5

A kyphotic trunk, with or without flexion at the

hips and knees

Question 6

T or F: typical gait changes in older adults include a decreased variability of gait

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Parkinson’s disease is associated with decreased speed, ____ step length, and _____ variability of gait

Answer 7

decreased

increased

Question 8

___, ____, and _____ constraints
determine the ultimate movement strategies used
within specific gait challenges

Answer 8

Individual, task, and environmental

Question 9

T or F: Range of motion, strength, motor control, sensation, or endurance are considered psychological factors of individual constraints.

Answer 9

False

Physical factors

Question 10

According to Lerner-Frankiel et al:
A. What is the the suggested minimum standard for community ambulation in order to walk?
B. And at what speed does the individual need to walk for the purpose of crossing the street safely?

Answer 10

a. 332 m

b. 79 m/min for 27 m

Question 11

What is the speed requirement for safe street crossing in rural areas?

Answer 11

30 m/min

Question 12

What is the speed requirement for safe street crossing in urban areas?

Answer 12

82.5 m/min

Question 13

What is the mean walking distance for grocery stores?

Answer 13

380.6 m

Question 14

What is the mean walking distance for “super stores”?

Answer 14

606.6 m

Question 15

What is the mean walking distance for club warehouse stores?

Answer 15

676.8 m

Question 16

What is the most commonly used assistive device in non-institutionalized adults older than age 65 years?

Answer 16

A cane

Question 17

T or F: The goal for a physical therapy is to prescribe the MOST restrictive assistive device that provides the exact degree of stability and support required by the patient.

Answer 17

False

Least restrictive

Question 18

What is a key factor to safe mobility of assistive devices?

Answer 18

Proper adjustment and maintenance of assistive devices

Question 19

The hip moves from ____ degrees of flexion early in

stance to ____ degrees of extension late in stance.

Answer 19

30 degrees

10 degrees

Question 20

The knee is nearly fully extended at initial contact
and again in midstance and reaches its peak of
___ degrees of flexion by the end of initial swing

Answer 20

60

Question 21

The ankle displays its maximal amount of dorsiflexion (___ degrees) when the tibia rolls over the foot at the end of midstance and its maximal amount of plantar flexion (__ degrees) during the transition from preswing to initial swing

Answer 21

10

20

Question 22

What type of training is an excellent component of a physical therapist intervention aimed at improving mobility?

Answer 22

Obstacle course training

Question 23

T or F: Training under dual-task conditions does improve performance and retention on those dual tasks but does NOT transfer to novel dual-task conditions

Answer 23

True