Exam IV

Question 1

After chromosomes are duplicated, each of the new copies is called a:

Answer 1

sister chromatid

Question 2

Withing chromosomes DNA is wrapped around proteins called:

Answer 2

histones

Question 3

A human karyotype showing 22 pairs of autosomes and two x chromosomes would be:

Answer 3

a normal female

Question 4

The building blocks of nucleic acids are:

Answer 4

nucleotides

Question 5

Amino acids are part of the DNA molecule. True or false

Answer 5

False

Question 6

In DNA, complementary base paring occurs bw:

Answer 6

Guanine and Cytosine

Question 7

Rosalind Franklin used this technique to determine many of the physical characteristics of DNA:

Answer 7

X-ray diffraction

Question 8

Each DNA strand has a backbone that consists of alternating the following;

Answer 8

Sugar and Phosphate molecules

Question 9

Replication of DNA is called semi-conservative bc it involves:

Answer 9

an old and new half

Question 10

DNA polymerase;

Answer 10

An enzyme, adds new nucleotides to a DNA strand, proof reads DNA strands to see that they are correct, and can make rare mistakes that result in mutations.

Question 11

This form of RNA carries the code from the DNA to the site where the protein is assembled:

Answer 11

Messenger RNA

Question 12

This form of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosomes where amino acids are linked into a poly peptide chain:

Answer 12

Transfer RNA

Question 13

What pairs with adenine in DNA?

Answer 13

Thymine

Question 14

What pairs with adenine in RNA?

Answer 14

Uracil

Question 15

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the process of transcription?

Answer 15

RNA polymerase

Question 16

The portion of the RNA molecule that is translated is composed of:

Answer 16

Exons

Question 17

The portion of RNA molecule that is cut out and not translated is composed of:

Answer 17

introns

Question 18

The genetic code is composed of codons, which are:

Answer 18

sequences of three nucleotides

Question 19

If the DNA sequence where ATGCGT, the mRNA sequence would be:

Answer 19

UACGCA

Question 20

The first in translation is called:

Answer 20

initiation

Question 21

Termination of protein translation is due to:

Answer 21

a stop codon

Question 22

The process by which cells become specialized is called:

Answer 22

differentiation

Question 23

Points of control over gene expression include:

Answer 23

a. speeding up, slowing down, or stopping transcription.
b. processing the mRNA molecule in different ways before it leaves the cytoplasm.
c. inhibition of translation by microRNA
d. post-translational modifications of the polypeptide.

Question 24

These genes, also called master genes, control the expression of many other genes. They are especially important in the formation of body parts during embryonic development:

Answer 24

homeotic

Question 25

Experiments that utilize the deletion of a gene are called:

Answer 25

knockout

Question 26

A mammalian female:

Answer 26

usually has one barr body and is a mosaic of cells with an activated paternal X chromosome and cells with an inactivated maternal X chromosome

Question 27

the region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds just prior to transcription is called:

Answer 27

the promoter sequence

Question 28

Transcription factors are proteins that bind to specific regions of DNA and affect the rate of transcription. examples include:

Answer 28

activators and repressors

Question 29

Deletions and insertions, which change the reading frame of the codon sequence are examples of:

Answer 29

Frameshift mutation