Exam II Flashcards
Ch. 4 & 5
The cell theory includes the following generalizations about cells:
a. all organisms consist of one or more cells
b. the cell is the smallest unit of life
c. each new cell arises from another cell
d. a cell passes hereditary info to its offspring
The surface to volume ratio of a cell:
limits cell size and influences cell shape
Cell membranes are characterized mainly by the presence of:
Phopholipid bi-layer
Unlike eukaryotic cells, bacterial cells:
have no nucleus
Multiple species of single-celled organisms sometimes live together in a mass of slimy polysaccharides that they secrete which is called:
biofilm
The function of the nucleus within eukaryotic cells is:
To separate the cell’s DNA from the rest of the cytoplasm and to control the passage of certain molecules bw the nucleus and the cytoplasm
I has a double lipid bilayer that surrounds the nucleus, has pores, and is continuous with the membrane of the ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
the nuclear envelope
The following organelles are components of the endomembrane system:
rough and smooth ER, golgi bodies and lysosomes
What differentiates the smooth ER from the rough ER?
the presence of ribosomes which stud the surface of the rough ER
This structures are the primary cellular sites for the production of proteins:
ribosomes
This organelle, which looks like a stack of pancakes, modifies proteins and lipids then sorts, packages, and ships the finished products to lysosomes or to the plasma membrane:
Golgi body
These are common in plants but not animals:
chloroplasts and central vacuoles
This contain powerful enzymes and are the main organelles where intracellular digestion/the breakdown of waste products occurs:
lysosomes
This organelle is where aerobic respiration occurs, which includes the synthesis of ATP. They are often called the powerhouse of the cell:
mitochondria
organelles and plant cells that function in photosynthesis or storage are:
plastids