Exam In Funda Lec Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
Affects patients comfort safety and well-being
A
Personal Hygiene
2
Q
Functions as protection, secretion excretion, temperature regulation, and sensation
A
Skin
3
Q
Shields underlying tissue
A
Epidermis
4
Q
Contains bundles of collagen, nerve fibers, blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles
A
Dermis
5
Q
Lies just beneath the skin it contains blood vessels, nerves lymph, and loose connective tissue filled with fat cells
A
Subcutaneous tissue
6
Q
Is transparent, smooth, and convex with a pink nail bed, and a translucent white tip
A
Normal Nail
7
Q
Is lined with mucous membranes
A
Oral cavity
8
Q
What is Xerostomia?
A
Dry mouth
9
Q
Is light pink, soft, moist, smooth, and without lesions.
A
Normal oral mucosa
10
Q
It is the inflammation of the gums
A
Gingivitis
11
Q
Medical term for tooth decay?
A
Dental caries
12
Q
Is an important aid to appetite
A
Sense of smell
13
Q
Removes tartar at the gum line
A
Flossing
14
Q
Removes particles, plaque, and bacteria. It massages the gums and relieves unpleasant odors and tastes
A
Brushing
15
Q
Is more effective than use of pediculicidal shampoos in the case of head lice
A
Combing
16
Q
Coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous system
A
Body mechanics
17
Q
Also refers to posture
A
Alignment and Balance
18
Q
Weight force exerted on the body
A
Gravity
19
Q
Force that occurs in a direction opposite to movement
A
Friction
20
Q
Provides attachments for muscles and ligaments, protects vital organs, aids in calcium regulation
A
Skeletal system
21
Q
Are working elements of movement
A
Skeletal muscles
22
Q
Regulates movement and posture
A
Nervous System
23
Q
refers to a person’s ability to move about freely
A
Mobility
24
Q
- refers to a person’s inability to move
- disrupts normal metabolic functioning
A
Immobility
25
CBR s BRP’s
Complete Bed rest without Bathroom Privileges
26
CBR
Complete Bed Rest
27
Due to prolonged lying position or sitting position, the patient’s blood pressure may suddenly drop.
Orthostatic Hypotension
28
Can cause thrombi or blockage. That can cause the formation of plaque
Thrombus Formation
29
Decreased urine flow
Urinary Stasis
30
Formation of stones in the kidney
Renal Calculi
31
Very common in CBR patient’s
Due to pressure and friction
Pressure Ulcer
32
Death of tissue cells
Necrosis
33
Decreased oxygen levels
Due to low oxygen level, it can lead to necrosis
Ischemia
34
This system helps maintain homeostasis
Endocrine System
35
is responsible for the elasticity of the skin
Collagen formation
36
Intake medication _________ before you initiate certain movement for the medication to work
30 minutes
37
A strategy to reduce orthostatic hypotension
Dangling the lower extremities for 2 mins
38
Relationship of one body part to another
Body Alignment
39
o Achieved by low center of gravity; enhanced by posture
Body Balance
40
o A result of weight, center of gravity, and balance
Coordinated body movement
41
o Force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement
Friction
42
There’s a movement or change in length of muscle
Isotonic exercises
43
There is contraction of muscle but no movement
Isometric exercises
44
No contraction and no movement
Resistive isometric exercises
45
When moving a patient, knowledge of___________ is crucial.
safe transfer and positioning
46
holds the handgrips on the upper bars, takes a step, moves the walker forward, and takes another step.
The nurse side should be on the weaker side of the patient
Walkers
47
Keep the ambulation device on stronger side of the body
it is forward 6 to 10 inches, keeping body weight on both legs
Weaker leg is moved forward;
Stronger leg is advanced past the modulation device
Canes
48
Up with the good
Down with the bad
Assist in the weak side of the patient
Crutches
49
Top layer of skin
Epidermis
50
Inner layer of skin
Dermis
51
Separates dermis and epidermis
Dermal-epidermal junction
52
Other term for pressure ulcer
Pressure sore
decubitus ulcer
Bed sore
53
decreased oxygen levels on the skin
Tissue ischemia
54
a wound that is shallow in depth, moist and painful, and the wound base generally appears red
Partial-thickness wounds
55
type of wound that extends into the subcutaneous layer, and the depth and tissue type will vary depending on body location.
Full-thickness wounds
56
Formation of clot
Hematoma
57
complications of wound healing: opening of a wound
Dehiscence
58
complications of wound healing: contents are exposed
Evisceration
59
a standardized, evidence-based assessment tool commonly used in health care to assess and document a patient's risk for developing pressure injuries.
Braden Scale
60
Stage of pressure ulcer wherein intact skin with nonblanchable redness.
Stage 1
61
Stage of pressure ulcer that wherein, partial-thickness skin loss involving epidermis, dermis, or both.
Stage 2
62
Stage of pressure ulcer wherein, full-thickness tissue loss with visible fat.
Stage 3
63
Stage of pressure ulcer wherein, full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, muscle, or tendon.
Stage 4
64
procedure to remove the necrosis
Debridement
65
Protects from microorganisms
Aids in hemostasis
Promotes healing by absorbing drainage or debriding a wound
Supports wound site
Promotes thermal insulation
Provides a moist environment
Dressings
66
o is a temporary state of unconsciousness in which the brain is primarily responsive to internal rather than external stimuli
o natural cyclic process that is self-regulated and easily reversible to wakefulness
Sleep
67
* Is characterized by rapid eye movements under the eyelids
* Also known as “paradoxical” sleep
* Most dreams occur
* Vital signs are up but there is a total inhibition of skeletal muscles
Rapid Eye Movement (REM)
68
- is the transitional state between wakefulness and sleep
- Sleeper is easily awoken with light stimulation
- Last a few minutes
N1
69
- a deeper sleep state where stronger stimuli are required to produce awakening
- Brain activity is slower and more irregular with short burst of “sleep spindles” and “K-complexes”
- Memory consolidation occurs in this stage
N2
70
- is deeper than N2
- Slow delta-waves dominate muscles relax, vital signs are at their lowest and difficult to wake the sleeper
N3
71
The sequence of stages repeats itself for ________ in a typical night
4 to 5 times
72
Duration of N2 and REM ________while N3 ________
increases - decreases
73
Is the body’s need for sleep or pressure to sleep
Homeostatic drive
74
* Thought to be a substance that accumulates with waking hours and drives the pressure to sleep
Adenosine
75
* Promote wakefulness by acting as an antagonist of adenosine
Caffeine
76
o Affected by light, temperature, social activities, and work routines.
o The biological rhythm of sleep frequently becomes synchronized with other body functions.
Circadian Rhythms
77
o VLPO uses ________ to inhibit wake promoting regions of the brain
GABA
78
o The master clock is located in the __________, the SCN of the Hypothalamus
suprachiasmatic nucleus
79
is most active in day and least active in night
SCN or suprachiasmatic nucleus
80
o Sleep promoting region is located in the ___________, VLPO of the Hypothalamus
ventrolateral preoptic nucleus
81
is inhibited by the SCN and activated by adenosine
VLPO or Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus
82
o Occur in NREM and REM sleep
o Important for learning, memory, and adaptation to stress
Dreams
83
Sleep cycle lasts _________ minutes
90 - 100 mins
84
o Somnambulism (sleepwalking), Night terrors, Nightmares, Nocturnal enuresis (bed-wetting), Body rocking, Bruxism
Parasomnias
85
o Emotional stress, Medications, Environmental disturbances, Symptoms
Sleep deprivation
86
o Cataplexy, Sleep paralysis
Narcolepsy
87
o Primary central sleep apnea, central sleep apnea caused by medical condition, obstructive sleep apnea syndromes, excessive daytime sleepiness
Sleep apnea
88
o Adjustments sleep disorder (acute insomnia), Inadequate sleep hygiene, Behavioral insomnia of childhood, Insomnia caused by medical condition.
Insomnia
89
Involves physical, emotional, and cognitive components
5th vital sign
is subjective and individualized
Reduces quality of life
Not measurable objectively
Pain
90
o Converts energy produced by these stimuli into electrical energy.
o Begins in the periphery when a pain-producing stimulus sends an impulse across a sensory peripheral pain nerve fiber (nociceptor), initiating an action potential.
Transduction
91
o Sending of impulse across a sensory pain nerve fiber (nociceptor)
o Nerve impulses
o Pain impulses
Transmission
92
sensory pain nerve fiber
Nociceptor
93
identifies the location and intensity of pain, whereas the association cortex, primarily the limbic system, determines how a person feels about it
somatosensory cortex
94
o The point at which a person is aware of pain.
Perception
95
o Inhibits pain impulses
o A protective reflex response occurs with pain reception.
Modulation
