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Funda lec > Exam In Funda Lec > Flashcards

Exam In Funda Lec Flashcards

1
Q

Affects patients comfort safety and well-being

A

Personal Hygiene

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2
Q

Functions as protection, secretion excretion, temperature regulation, and sensation

A

Skin

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3
Q

Shields underlying tissue

A

Epidermis

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4
Q

Contains bundles of collagen, nerve fibers, blood vessels, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles

A

Dermis

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5
Q

Lies just beneath the skin it contains blood vessels, nerves lymph, and loose connective tissue filled with fat cells

A

Subcutaneous tissue

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6
Q

Is transparent, smooth, and convex with a pink nail bed, and a translucent white tip

A

Normal Nail

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7
Q

Is lined with mucous membranes

A

Oral cavity

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8
Q

What is Xerostomia?

A

Dry mouth

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9
Q

Is light pink, soft, moist, smooth, and without lesions.

A

Normal oral mucosa

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10
Q

It is the inflammation of the gums

A

Gingivitis

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11
Q

Medical term for tooth decay?

A

Dental caries

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12
Q

Is an important aid to appetite

A

Sense of smell

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13
Q

Removes tartar at the gum line

A

Flossing

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14
Q

Removes particles, plaque, and bacteria. It massages the gums and relieves unpleasant odors and tastes

A

Brushing

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15
Q

Is more effective than use of pediculicidal shampoos in the case of head lice

A

Combing

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16
Q

Coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous system

A

Body mechanics

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17
Q

Also refers to posture

A

Alignment and Balance

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18
Q

Weight force exerted on the body

A

Gravity

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19
Q

Force that occurs in a direction opposite to movement

A

Friction

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20
Q

Provides attachments for muscles and ligaments, protects vital organs, aids in calcium regulation

A

Skeletal system

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21
Q

Are working elements of movement

A

Skeletal muscles

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22
Q

Regulates movement and posture

A

Nervous System

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23
Q

refers to a person’s ability to move about freely

A

Mobility

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24
Q
  • refers to a person’s inability to move
  • disrupts normal metabolic functioning
A

Immobility

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25
Q

CBR s BRP’s

A

Complete Bed rest without Bathroom Privileges

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26
Q

CBR

A

Complete Bed Rest

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27
Q

Due to prolonged lying position or sitting position, the patient’s blood pressure may suddenly drop.

A

Orthostatic Hypotension

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28
Q

Can cause thrombi or blockage. That can cause the formation of plaque

A

Thrombus Formation

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29
Q

Decreased urine flow

A

Urinary Stasis

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30
Q

 Formation of stones in the kidney

A

Renal Calculi

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31
Q

 Very common in CBR patient’s
 Due to pressure and friction

A

Pressure Ulcer

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32
Q

Death of tissue cells

A

Necrosis

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33
Q

 Decreased oxygen levels
 Due to low oxygen level, it can lead to necrosis

A

Ischemia

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34
Q

This system helps maintain homeostasis

A

Endocrine System

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35
Q

is responsible for the elasticity of the skin

A

Collagen formation

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36
Q

Intake medication _________ before you initiate certain movement for the medication to work

A

30 minutes

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37
Q

A strategy to reduce orthostatic hypotension

A

Dangling the lower extremities for 2 mins

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38
Q

Relationship of one body part to another

A

Body Alignment

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39
Q

o Achieved by low center of gravity; enhanced by posture

A

Body Balance

40
Q

o A result of weight, center of gravity, and balance

A

Coordinated body movement

41
Q

o Force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement

A

Friction

42
Q

 There’s a movement or change in length of muscle

A

Isotonic exercises

43
Q

 There is contraction of muscle but no movement

A

Isometric exercises

44
Q

No contraction and no movement

A

Resistive isometric exercises

45
Q

When moving a patient, knowledge of___________ is crucial.

A

safe transfer and positioning

46
Q

holds the handgrips on the upper bars, takes a step, moves the walker forward, and takes another step.
 The nurse side should be on the weaker side of the patient

A

Walkers

47
Q

 Keep the ambulation device on stronger side of the body
 it is forward 6 to 10 inches, keeping body weight on both legs
 Weaker leg is moved forward;
 Stronger leg is advanced past the modulation device

A

Canes

48
Q

 Up with the good
 Down with the bad
 Assist in the weak side of the patient

A

Crutches

49
Q

 Top layer of skin

A

Epidermis

50
Q

 Inner layer of skin

A

Dermis

51
Q

 Separates dermis and epidermis

A

Dermal-epidermal junction

52
Q

Other term for pressure ulcer

A

Pressure sore
decubitus ulcer
Bed sore

53
Q

decreased oxygen levels on the skin

A

 Tissue ischemia

54
Q

a wound that is shallow in depth, moist and painful, and the wound base generally appears red

A

Partial-thickness wounds

55
Q

type of wound that extends into the subcutaneous layer, and the depth and tissue type will vary depending on body location.

A

Full-thickness wounds

56
Q

Formation of clot

A

Hematoma

57
Q

complications of wound healing: opening of a wound

A

Dehiscence

58
Q

complications of wound healing: contents are exposed

A

Evisceration

59
Q

a standardized, evidence-based assessment tool commonly used in health care to assess and document a patient’s risk for developing pressure injuries.

A

Braden Scale

60
Q

Stage of pressure ulcer wherein intact skin with nonblanchable redness.

A

Stage 1

61
Q

Stage of pressure ulcer that wherein, partial-thickness skin loss involving epidermis, dermis, or both.

A

Stage 2

62
Q

Stage of pressure ulcer wherein, full-thickness tissue loss with visible fat.

A

Stage 3

63
Q

Stage of pressure ulcer wherein, full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, muscle, or tendon.

A

Stage 4

64
Q

procedure to remove the necrosis

A

Debridement

65
Q

 Protects from microorganisms
 Aids in hemostasis
 Promotes healing by absorbing drainage or debriding a wound
 Supports wound site
 Promotes thermal insulation
 Provides a moist environment

A

Dressings

66
Q

o is a temporary state of unconsciousness in which the brain is primarily responsive to internal rather than external stimuli
o natural cyclic process that is self-regulated and easily reversible to wakefulness

A

Sleep

67
Q
  • Is characterized by rapid eye movements under the eyelids
  • Also known as “paradoxical” sleep
  • Most dreams occur
  • Vital signs are up but there is a total inhibition of skeletal muscles
A

Rapid Eye Movement (REM)

68
Q
  • is the transitional state between wakefulness and sleep
  • Sleeper is easily awoken with light stimulation
  • Last a few minutes
A

N1

69
Q
  • a deeper sleep state where stronger stimuli are required to produce awakening
  • Brain activity is slower and more irregular with short burst of “sleep spindles” and “K-complexes”
  • Memory consolidation occurs in this stage
A

N2

70
Q
  • is deeper than N2
  • Slow delta-waves dominate muscles relax, vital signs are at their lowest and difficult to wake the sleeper
A

N3

71
Q

The sequence of stages repeats itself for ________ in a typical night

A

4 to 5 times

72
Q

Duration of N2 and REM ________while N3 ________

A

increases - decreases

73
Q

Is the body’s need for sleep or pressure to sleep

A

Homeostatic drive

74
Q
  • Thought to be a substance that accumulates with waking hours and drives the pressure to sleep
A

Adenosine

75
Q
  • Promote wakefulness by acting as an antagonist of adenosine
A

Caffeine

76
Q

o Affected by light, temperature, social activities, and work routines.
o The biological rhythm of sleep frequently becomes synchronized with other body functions.

A

Circadian Rhythms

77
Q

o VLPO uses ________ to inhibit wake promoting regions of the brain

A

GABA

78
Q

o The master clock is located in the __________, the SCN of the Hypothalamus

A

suprachiasmatic nucleus

79
Q

is most active in day and least active in night

A

SCN or suprachiasmatic nucleus

80
Q

o Sleep promoting region is located in the ___________, VLPO of the Hypothalamus

A

ventrolateral preoptic nucleus

81
Q

is inhibited by the SCN and activated by adenosine

A

VLPO or Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus

82
Q

o Occur in NREM and REM sleep
o Important for learning, memory, and adaptation to stress

A

Dreams

83
Q

 Sleep cycle lasts _________ minutes

A

90 - 100 mins

84
Q

o Somnambulism (sleepwalking), Night terrors, Nightmares, Nocturnal enuresis (bed-wetting), Body rocking, Bruxism

A

Parasomnias

85
Q

o Emotional stress, Medications, Environmental disturbances, Symptoms

A

Sleep deprivation

86
Q

o Cataplexy, Sleep paralysis

A

Narcolepsy

87
Q

o Primary central sleep apnea, central sleep apnea caused by medical condition, obstructive sleep apnea syndromes, excessive daytime sleepiness

A

Sleep apnea

88
Q

o Adjustments sleep disorder (acute insomnia), Inadequate sleep hygiene, Behavioral insomnia of childhood, Insomnia caused by medical condition.

A

Insomnia

89
Q

 Involves physical, emotional, and cognitive components
 5th vital sign
 is subjective and individualized
 Reduces quality of life
 Not measurable objectively

A

Pain

90
Q

o Converts energy produced by these stimuli into electrical energy.
o Begins in the periphery when a pain-producing stimulus sends an impulse across a sensory peripheral pain nerve fiber (nociceptor), initiating an action potential.

A

Transduction

91
Q

o Sending of impulse across a sensory pain nerve fiber (nociceptor)
o Nerve impulses
o Pain impulses

A

Transmission

92
Q

sensory pain nerve fiber

A

Nociceptor

93
Q

identifies the location and intensity of pain, whereas the association cortex, primarily the limbic system, determines how a person feels about it

A

somatosensory cortex

94
Q

o The point at which a person is aware of pain.

A

Perception

95
Q

o Inhibits pain impulses
o A protective reflex response occurs with pain reception.

A

Modulation

Funda lec (2 decks)

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