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BIOC4332: Biochemistry II > Exam III Review > Flashcards

Exam III Review Flashcards

1
Q

True or false? The snRNA components of snRNPs are more involved than the protein components in catalyzing splicing reactions.

A

True

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2
Q

True or false? The U2 snRNA makes Watson-Crick base pair interactions with nucleotides around the branch-point adenine in an intron sequence, but not with the branch-point adenine itself.

A

True

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3
Q

True or false? The precise location of an exon-exon junction could be after the first, second, or third base in a codon in a mature mRNA.

A

True

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4
Q

True or false? A RNA Helicase uses ATP to remove the U4 snRNA from the U6 snRNA.

A

True

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5
Q

True or false? When several codons call for the same amino acid, the second and third base of these codons are generally conserved and there is variation in the first base.

A

False

First and second base are conserved. There’s variation in the third base.

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6
Q

True or false? Two molecules of ATP are used during the reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, one to activate the amino acid and one to activate the 3’-OH of the tRNA.

A

False

Esterification of an amino acid to the 3′ end of a tRNA (One ATP)

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7
Q

True or false? RNA polymerase III introduces many strange bases into tRNAs (i.e., not just the conventional A, U, C, G).

A

False

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8
Q

True or false? Because base-pairing at the wobble position is more flexible than at the other two codon positions, the anti-codon loop of a single tRNA is able to functionally pair with several distinct codons.

A

True

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9
Q

True or false? The Kozak sequence is important for translation initiation in bacteria.

A

False

In eukaryotes

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10
Q

True or false? In both bacteria and eukaryotes, multiple ribosomes can actively translate the same mRNA at the same time.

A

True

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11
Q

True or false? In bacteria, the strength of secondary structure in mRNA near the ribosome binding site is inversely correlated with the strength of translation initiation, if all else is equal.

A

True

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12
Q

True or false? The antibiotic puromycin stays tightly bound to the ribosome to inhibit translation.

A

False

It enters the A site and forms a peptide bond, but cannot elongate further.

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13
Q

True or false? Proteins adopt the correct three dimensional structure by sampling every possible conformation to settle on the correct, most stable structure.

A

False

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14
Q

True or false? The spontaneous folding of proteins is driven by enthalpy.

A

False

Entropy

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15
Q

True or false? Signal recognition particle binds to nuclear localization sequences to usher newly synthesized proteins into the nucleus.

A

False

SRPs bind to signal sequences, bringing the ribosome to the rough ER.

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16
Q

True or false? The signal for unfolded proteins to be degraded by the proteasome is a chain of ubiquitin proteins, the first attached by its c-terminus to a lysine in the target protein, and the rest attached by their c-termini to lysine-48 on the previous ubiquitin.

A

True

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17
Q

True or false? Secondary structure in the 5’-UTR of bacterial transcripts is the primary mechanism to stabilize them and prolong their half-life.

A

False

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18
Q

True or false? In the presence of intracellular iron, cytosolic aconitase releases from a hairpin loop in the ferritin transcript and binds to a hairpin loop in the transferrin receptor.

A

False

In the absense of iron

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19
Q

True or false? Drosha is an RNase used in processing pri-miRNA that is not required if the miRNA is encoded as a mirtron.

A

True

Mirthons don’t require DROSHA

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20
Q

True or false? Modern (generation 3) base editors nick one strand of the target DNA.

A

True

21
Q

True or false? Apoptosis is required for proper development of humans.

A

True

22
Q

True or false? Flippase and floppase are responsible for the orientation of phosphatidylserine in the cell membrane.

A

False

Flippase and scramblase

23
Q

True or false? CAD (caspase-activated DNase) is an endonuclease.

A

True

24
Q

True or false? The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is triggered by the Fas ligand in killer lymphocyte cells.

A

False

Extrinsic pathway

25
Q

Which of the following helps recruit splicing factors to splice sites?

A. C-terminal tail of RNAP
B. 3’ terminus of the 16S ribosomal RNA
C. Hsp70
D. Signal recognition particle

A

A. C-terminal tail of RNAP

26
Q

Which of the following is a cis-regulatory element involved in splicing.

A. Branchpoint binding protein
B. U5 snRNP
C. U1 snRNP
D. Branchpoint adenosine

A

D. Branchpoint adenosine

Elements are DNA regions, not proteins

27
Q

Which of the following is the most discriminatory experimental approach for studying splicing (i.e. best able to identify precise exon-exon junctions)?

A. Western Blot
B. RNAseq
C. Microarray
D. qRT-PCR

A

B. RNAseq

28
Q

Which snRNA contains bases that are most involved in catalyzing the transesterification reactions during mRNA splicing?

A. U1
B. U3
C. U4
D. U6

A

D. U6

29
Q

Which of the following is typically not needed for unnatural amino acid incorporation?

A. tRNA that can base-pair with a stop codon
B. a special aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that can charge tRNA with the unnatural amino acid
C. a coding DNA sequence for your gene of interest with a stop codon at the site of unnatural amino acid incorporation
D. an engineered ribosome that can accept unnatural amino acids

A

D. an engineered ribosome that can accept unnatural amino acids

30
Q

What changes during the translation of ‘slippery sequences’ in some viral mRNAs?

A. the reading frame
B. the proper tRNA for the A-site
C. alternative splicing
D. UTP is hydrolyzed instead of GTP

A

A. the reading frame

31
Q

How many sense codons are there in the canonical genetic code?

A

61

32
Q

Which eukaryotic initiation factor binds to the 5’ cap of mRNA?

A

elF4G

33
Q

What is the rate-limiting step of translation?

A

Initiation

34
Q

Which molecule base-pairs with the Shine-Dalgarno sequence during translation initiation?

A

16S ribosomal RNA

35
Q

Adding a decoy upstream Open Reading Frame (uORF) with a strong Kozak sequence in the 5’-UTR of a eukaryotic expression cassette would have what impact on the expression level of the target gene of interest?

A

It would decrease expression of the target gene

36
Q

Why do highly-expressed bacterial genes use highly preferred codons in their CDSs?

A

To ensure that ribosomes are not overly sequestered on those transcripts

37
Q

What is the name of the historically famous experiment which determined that information required for proper protein folding is contained within the primary amino acid sequence?

A

Anfinsen experiment

38
Q

This chaperone protein has an ATP-dependent clamp that sequesters short hydrophobic stretches of amino acids as they emerge from the ribosome.

A

Hsp70

39
Q

Which of the following enzymes have the most copies (paralogs) encoded in the human genome?

A. E1 ubiquitin activating enzyme
B. E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme
C. E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme
D. E4 ubiquitin transferase

A

C. E3 ubiquitin ligase enzyme

40
Q

Select the subcellular location from the list below that is not topologically equivalent to the others.

A. Lumen of the ER
B. Outside of the cell
C. Lumen of the Golgi
D. Inside of the nucleus

A

D. Inside of the nucleus

41
Q

Select an enzyme below that does not have an important role in degrading RNA in eukaryotic cells.

A. serine/arginine rich proteins
B. debranching enzyme
C. deadenylase
D. decapping protein

A

A. serine/arginine rich proteins

42
Q

This protein is most directly involved with storing iron in the cell.

A

Ferritin

43
Q

This enzyme is responsible for processing a harpin pre-miRNA into a 22-23 nucleotide long double-stranded RNA molecule.

A

Dicer

44
Q

Select the RNA and protein pair from the list below that is commonly used to engineer affinity between a ribonucleic acid and protein of interest in a modular way.

A. MS2 hairpin and MCP
B. U2 snRNA and BBP
C. tRNA and EF-Tu
D. SRP and Sec61

A

A. MS2 hairpin and MCP

45
Q

Which of the following is not a symptom of apoptosis?

A. cytoskeletal collapse
B. mitochondrial function is lost
C. DNA is chopped into nucleosome-sized fragments
D. Rapid phosphorylation of serines in membrane proteins

A

D. Rapid phosphorylation of serines in membrane proteins

46
Q

Which of the following is a structural protein responsible for nuclear integrity and the nuclear envelope?

A. iCAD
B. nucleosomes
C. nuclear lamin
D. histone H3

A

C. nuclear lamin

47
Q

In the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis, what adaptor protein is composed of a Death Domain linked to a Death Effector Domain?

A

FADD

48
Q

What molecule is release from the mitochondrial intermembrane space to trigger the intrinsic apoptosis pathway?

A

Cytochrome C

49
Q
A

BIOC4332: Biochemistry II (7 decks)

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