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MLT 130 Clinical Chemistry I > EXAM III Proteins, COH, Lipids > Flashcards

EXAM III Proteins, COH, Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

Normal glucose concentration of serum?

A

80-100 mg/dL

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2
Q

Requirements of an oral GTT

A

Fasting at least 10 hours
Done in morning
no eating, drinking, smoking or exercise
normal to high COH intake 3 days prior

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3
Q

Order of mobility of serum proteins during an electrophoresis

A

albumin(fastest)-a1-a2-beta-gamma

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4
Q

Why can the biuret method NOT be used for determining CSF or urine protein?

A

it lacks sensitivity to detect low levels of protein which are in those specimens

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5
Q

What does the biuret reagents specifically react with?

A

tripeptide

2 or more peptide chains

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6
Q

What is the reference method for total protein determination?

A

Kjeldahl

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7
Q

Which method for measuring albumin is most common in automated instruments?

A

Dye-binding

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8
Q

What SPE abnormality is seen in multiple myeloma?

In nephrotic syndrome?

A

Spike in gamma region

^ a2 and beta region, decrease albumin

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9
Q

Glucose in CSF is approximately ____ of the amount of glucose in the blood.

A

2/3

60-70%

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10
Q

In bacterial meningitis, what would be the expected results for CSF protein?
CSF glucose?

A

protein increased

glucose decreased

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11
Q

What anticoagulant is used to prevent glycolysis?

A

sodium fluoride

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12
Q

Increases blood glucose levels
inhibits glucose uptake by the tissues
increases glucose output by the liver

A

ACTH

growth hormone

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13
Q

Increases blood glucose levels

Increases glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

A

Glucagon

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14
Q

Increases blood glucose levels

Increasing gluconeogenesis and inhibiting glucose metabolism in peripheral tissue

A

Glucocorticoids

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15
Q

Decreases blood glucose levels

by decreasing glycogenolysis-only hormone that decreases

A

Insulin

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16
Q

Increases blood glucose levels
fight or flight
stimulates glycogenolysis

A

Epinephrine

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17
Q

What is the action of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase?

A

removes hydrogen from glucose-6-phosphate and gives it to NADP

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18
Q

What technique is used to ID patients with familial hyperlipoproteinemia?

A

electrphoresis

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19
Q

normal value for albumin

A

3.5-5.0 g/dL

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20
Q

normal value for globulin

A

2.5-3.5 g/dL

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21
Q

normal value for TP

A

6.0-8.5 g/dL

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22
Q

What phenom causes the gamma globulins to move toward the cathode in SPE, even though they are negatively charged?

A

EEO

electroendosmosis

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23
Q

What specific form of hgb is used to monitor patients with Type I diabetes mellitus?

A

A1c

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24
Q

How is globulin in serum routinely determined?

A

TP - albumin

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25
Q

Which fraction of lipprotein contains highest percentage of protein?

A

HDL

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26
Q

What is the order of migration of lipoproteins?

A

chylomicrons - prebeta - beta - alpha

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27
Q

What is the desirable TC level in serum

A

less than 200 mg/dL

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28
Q

Most likely explanation for a patient with lab results of elevated TC and TGD but normal lipoprotein pattern?

A

patient isn’t fasting

non fasting specimen

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29
Q

Which lipoprotein fraction is responsible for post-prandial lipemia?

A

chylomicrons

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30
Q

If plasma is used instead of serum for electrophoresis, what change will be observed?

A

Spike in beta gamma region

due to fibrinogen

31
Q

What dyes can be used for the detection of albumin?

A

HABA
BCP
BCG
Methyl orange

32
Q

Desirable level for HDL

A

greater than 40 mg/dL

33
Q

normal two hour post-prandial glucose

A

less than 140 mg/dL

34
Q

how long for plasma glucose to return to normal levels

A

3 hours

35
Q

Name four blood constituents that can produce falsely decreases TC due to interference with the enzymatic cholesterol assay.

A

uric acid
ascorbic acid
bilirubin
glutathione

36
Q

Electrphoretic classification of these lipoproteins
HDL
LDL
VLDL

A

HDL-alpha
LDL-beta
VLDL-prebeta

37
Q

Which lipoprotein has protective effect against coronary heart disease?

A

HDL

38
Q

Protein isolated from a lipoprotein which is also affiliated with certain lipoprotein

A

apoprotein

39
Q

What is the main function of lipoproteins in the body?

A

transport body lipids throughout the bloodstream

40
Q

elevated for 3hrs

start high, stays high, takes longer to return to normal glucose levels

A

diabetes mellitus

41
Q

lower than normal after 3hrs

normal, then falls below fasting levels

A

hypoglycemia

42
Q

elevated at 1hr
drops at 2 hr
returns to normal by 3 hr

A

normal GTT

43
Q

Why is the performance of electrophoresis on CSF more difficult than SPE?

A

protein concentrations are too low

need to concentrate it 100x

44
Q

Patients with borderline glucose levels are tested further with?

A

3hr OGTT

45
Q

What is actually measured in the hexokinase method for glucose?

A

NADPH

46
Q

Normal range for CSF glucose

A

40-70 mg/dL

47
Q

What period of fasting is required for lipid panels?

A

12 hours

48
Q

What is the reaction that takes place during the biuret procedure?

A

protein solutions treated with alkanolized cupric sulfur; cupric ions react with peptide bonds to form a violet color

49
Q

What precautions must be taken prior to collecting a specimen for lipid analysis?

A

12 hour fasting
2 wk normal diet
no meds that affect lipids
defer for 2 months after surgery, illness or AMI

50
Q

What is the most specfic method for determining plasma cholesterol?

A

cholesterol oxidase enzymatic reaction

51
Q

What protein, when found in increased amounts, lowers the risk of coronary heart disease?

A

apolipoprotein A1

52
Q

What is the only diagnostic purpose for ordering phospholipid measurements

A

Niemann Pick disease

RDS

53
Q

What unusual electrophoretic serum protein pattern is seen in cirrhosis of the liver?

A

beta-gamma bridge

54
Q

What would be the expected shape of a GTT curve if the patient has malabsorption syndrome? What test should be done instead?

A

flatline; no absorptions, no change in curve

IV GTT

55
Q

What test may be used to assess the average plasma glucose level that a patient has maintained during a previous 2-3 month period?

A

Glycosulated hemoglobin

hgb A1c

56
Q

The enzyme that causes the release of H2O2 when it reacts with glucose

A

glucose oxidase

57
Q

What would happen to the glucose in a blood specimen if it was drawn in a clot tube and was left uncentrifuged at room temp?

A

serum glucose levels will be reduced at a rate of 7% an hour

58
Q

Amount of glucose used in adult GTT?

A

75g

59
Q

What reagent is used for color development in the Libermann-Burchard reaction?

A

acetic anhydride sulfuric acid

60
Q

What adjustment is made to OGTT if hypoglycemia is suspected?

A

additional testing at 4 and 5 hours

61
Q

B-lipoprotein(LDL) contain high % of?

pre-B-lipoprotein(VLDL) contain high % of?

A

LDL-cholesterol

VLDL-trigylcerides

62
Q

How would a physician view the prognosis of a patient with an elevated HDL?

A

Good, not at high risk

possibly protected from arthrosclerosis

63
Q

What is the most likely explanation of milky serum?

A

Increased chylomicrons

lipemic

64
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides?

A

lipase - LPL

65
Q

normal range for CSF protein?

A

15-45 mg/dL

66
Q

What compund is used to stimulate the pancreas to produce insulin?

A

Tolbudamine

detects insulinomas

67
Q

Ultracentrifugation separates lipoproteins into various categoried based on?

A

density

68
Q

What stains can be used to stain the protein bands obtained from SPE?

A 
Ponceau S
Amido black 10B
bromphenol blue
lissamine green
coommassie blue
69
Q

what pH is routine SPE performed at?

A

8.6

70
Q

What is gestational diabetes?

A

diabetic condition that occurs during pregnancy

secondary mellitus due to hormonal changes

71
Q

What is meant by the term renal threshold?

value?

A

level of glucose in the blood above which glucose “spills over” into urine
160-180 mg/dL

72
Q

What type of diabetes generally occurs in adults?

A

Type 2- non-insulin dependent

73
Q

Name a test that can be used to determine the risk of RDS in newborns

A

phospholipid levels
L/S ration
less than 2; PG present

MLT 130 Clinical Chemistry I (4 decks)

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