Exam III Microbiology: Chapter 12 Flashcards
What is the first line of defense mechanisms used by the host?
Barrier defenses:
What is the second line of defense mechanisms used by the host?
Cellular and chemical immunity:
Includes inflammation and phagocytosis
Cellular and chemical immunity
Any barrier that blocks invasion at the portal of entry
Barrier defense
What is the third line of defense mechanisms used by the host?
Specific immunity
Acquired on an individual basis as each foreign substance is encountered by lymphocytes; long term
Specific immunity
What enzyme is found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in the cell wall of bacteria?
Lysozyme
What body secretions contain lysozyme?
Is found in the secretions (tears) of the lacrimal glands, in nasal mucus, gastric secretions, and egg whites.
What are the functions of transferrin?
Proteins in the blood that
bind iron and keep microbes from accessing it.
What is a self antigen?
Recognize body cells (self)
What is non-self antigen?
Differentiation between self antigen and any other foreign material in the body
Markers that many different kinds microbes have in common are called?
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS)
Peptidoglycan
Lipid A
Used by host cells with important roles in the innate immunity of the second line of defense
Recognize PAMPs
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
Macrophages
Neutrophils
Dendritic Cells
Phagocytic Cells
Granulocytes
basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils
Agranulocytes
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Phagocytic
Most abundant WBC
First WBC to respond
Neutrophils
Found in the blood
Carry histamine
Inflammatory
Allergies
Basophils
Parasitic infections
Eosinophils
Similar to basophils Found in the tissues Full of histamine Allergies Inflammation
Mast cells
Phagocytic
In the blood, they are called monocytes.
In the tissues, they are called macrophages and dendritic cells.
(24 hours to mature)
Monocytes
Largest phagocytes that ingest and kill foreign cells
Macrophages
Also called antigen presenting cells, that present antigens to lymphocytes.
Reside throughout tissues and mononuclear phagocyte system
Dendritic Cells
Primary cells involved in specific immune reactions to foreign matter
Lymphocytes
Virus infected cells
Cancer
Kill infected host cells
Not specific
Natural killer cells
