Exam III Microbiology: Chapter 12

Question 1

What is the first line of defense mechanisms used by the host?

Answer 1

Barrier defenses:

Question 2

What is the second line of defense mechanisms used by the host?

Answer 2

Cellular and chemical immunity:

Question 3

Includes inflammation and phagocytosis

Answer 3

Cellular and chemical immunity

Question 4

Any barrier that blocks invasion at the portal of entry

Answer 4

Barrier defense

Question 5

What is the third line of defense mechanisms used by the host?

Answer 5

Specific immunity

Question 6

Acquired on an individual basis as each foreign substance is encountered by lymphocytes; long term

Answer 6

Specific immunity

Question 7

What enzyme is found in tears and saliva that hydrolyzes the peptidoglycan in the cell wall of bacteria?

Answer 7

Lysozyme

Question 8

What body secretions contain lysozyme?

Answer 8

Is found in the secretions (tears) of the lacrimal glands, in nasal mucus, gastric secretions, and egg whites.

Question 9

What are the functions of transferrin?

Answer 9

Proteins in the blood that

bind iron and keep microbes from accessing it.

Question 10

What is a self antigen?

Answer 10

Recognize body cells (self)

Question 11

What is non-self antigen?

Answer 11

Differentiation between self antigen and any other foreign material in the body

Question 12

Markers that many different kinds microbes have in common are called?

Answer 12

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS)

Peptidoglycan
Lipid A

Question 13

Used by host cells with important roles in the innate immunity of the second line of defense

Recognize PAMPs

Answer 13

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)

Question 14

Macrophages
Neutrophils
Dendritic Cells

Answer 14

Phagocytic Cells

Question 15

Granulocytes

Answer 15

basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils

Question 16

Agranulocytes

Answer 16

Monocytes

Lymphocytes

Question 17

Phagocytic
Most abundant WBC
First WBC to respond

Answer 17

Neutrophils

Question 18

Found in the blood
Carry histamine
Inflammatory
Allergies

Answer 18

Basophils

Question 19

Parasitic infections

Answer 19

Eosinophils

Question 20

Similar to basophils
Found in the tissues
Full of histamine
Allergies 
Inflammation

Answer 20

Mast cells

Question 21

Phagocytic
In the blood, they are called monocytes.
In the tissues, they are called macrophages and dendritic cells.
(24 hours to mature)

Answer 21

Monocytes

Question 22

Largest phagocytes that ingest and kill foreign cells

Answer 22

Macrophages

Question 23

Also called antigen presenting cells, that present antigens to lymphocytes.
Reside throughout tissues and mononuclear phagocyte system

Answer 23

Dendritic Cells

Question 24

Primary cells involved in specific immune reactions to foreign matter

Answer 24

Lymphocytes

Question 25

Virus infected cells
Cancer
Kill infected host cells
Not specific

Answer 25

Natural killer cells