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Biochem 2 > Exam III > Flashcards

Exam III Flashcards

1
Q

What is DNA replicated by?

A

DNA polymerase

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2
Q

DNA replication begins at a single origin called a(n):

A

Ori

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3
Q

DNA helicase does all of the following:

A

Binds to ssDNA close to replication fork

Requires ATP

Keeps DNA unwound

doesn’t bring DNA strands together by disrupting H bonds between A-T base pairs

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4
Q

Single stranded DNA binding protein protects ssDNA from:

A

Nuclease degradation

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5
Q

What places a nick in a strand of DNA during separation?

A

Topoisomerase 1

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6
Q

DNA polymerase is only able to read from ____ to ____ direction.

A

3’-5’

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7
Q

tRNA makes up how much of RNA in the cell?

A

15%

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8
Q

The lagging strand of DNA is synthesized ____ to the leading strand.

A

Antiparallel

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9
Q

RNA with catalytic activity are called

A

Ribozymes

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10
Q

Which type of RNA takes up the smallest amount of a cell?

A

mRNA

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11
Q

Huntington’s disease is a ____ disease

A

PolyQ

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12
Q

If repressor is bound, ____ is blocked inhibiting protein synthesis.

A

Polymerase

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13
Q

Prokaryotes prefer ____.

A

Glucose

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14
Q

What kind of mutation causes sickle-cell anemia?

A

Missense mutation

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15
Q

What are characteristics of the genetic code?

A

Universality

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16
Q

Where is the promoter found during initiation?

A

Coding strand

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17
Q

What is a holoenzyme made up of?

A

Alpha, beta, omega, and sigma subunits

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18
Q

What is the readable form of DNA?

A

Chromatin

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19
Q

When in the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

A

S

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20
Q

What part of the holoenzyme is not a part of the core enzyme?

A

Sigma subunit

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21
Q

Which DNA polymerase acts as a sliding clamp along the DNA?

A

DNA polymerase 3

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22
Q

Once DNA primers are removed from a strand, ____ fragments need to be ligated back together.

A

Okazaki fragments

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23
Q

Types of RNA include:

A

Messenger RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Transfer RNA

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24
Q

Transcriptional activators bind DNA through which motifs?

A

Zinc fingers
Leucine zippers
Helix-loop-helix

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25
Q

The ____ is the initial site of DNA melting.

A

Pribnow box

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26
Q

____ are noncoding regions and ____ are coding regions in post transcriptional modification of RNA.

A

Introns

Exons

27
Q

____ are joined together by splicing.

A

Exons

28
Q

What prevents bacterial cell growth by inhibiting RNA synthesis?

A

Antibiotics

29
Q

About what percentage of all genetic diseases are a result of mutations that affect RNA splicing?

A

About 15%

30
Q

When there is a decrease in the interaction of the histone with negatively charged DNA, what is occuring?

A

DNA coiling

31
Q

When it comes to protein synthesis, ribosomes are found “free” in ____ or associated with ____.

A

Cytosol

Rough ER

32
Q

During DNA splicing, all of the following occur:

A

Introns removed
Binding of snRNP’s bring neighboring exons into alignment
Mature mRNA leave nucleus and pass through pores of cytosol

33
Q

Attenuation refers to ____.

A

High tryptophan concentration during prokaryotic expression

34
Q

Regulation during eukaryotic gene expression occurs via:

A

Post-transcriptional alternative mRNA splicing

35
Q

The intracellular receptors in cis-acting factors include all of the following:

A

Cortisol
Estrogen
Androgens

36
Q

The cellular surface receptors in cis-acting factors include all of the following:

A

Insulin
Glucagon
Epinephrine

37
Q

Metal-responsive elements (MREs) on mRNA can influence the rate at which mRNA is ____.

A

Degraded

38
Q

Amino acid starvation and heme deficiency in erythroblasts can result in ____.

A

Kinase activation

39
Q

Transposons are mobile elements of DNA that can result in which diseases?

A

Hemophilia A or Duchenne muscular dystrophy

40
Q

All of the following are true about p-Dependent termination:

A

Involves a hexameric ATPase protein (rho protein)
Binds to a C-rich recognition site near 5’-end of nascent RNA
Separates DNA-RNA hybrid to release RNA

41
Q

ssRNA continues to be synthesized until a termination signal is reached.
True or False.

A

True

42
Q

The only water soluble vitamin that isn’t part of B-complex is?

A

Vitamin C

43
Q

The excess consumption of these 2 vitamins can lead to toxicity:

A

Vitamin A and D

44
Q

The conjugate base of folic acid is ____.

A

Folate

45
Q

A and T form 2 H-bonds, C and G form 3 H-bonds in DNA.

True or false.

A

True

46
Q

Synthesis of purine nucleotides uses how many ATP?

A

5

47
Q

CPS II is inhibited by ____.

A

UTP

48
Q

Toxicity of vitamin K can lead to hemolytic anemia and ____.

A

Jaundice

49
Q

Kwashiorkor occurs when there is a deficiency of what?

A

Protein

50
Q

Trans fatty acids have what effect on LDL and HDL?

A

Increases LDL

Decreases HDL

51
Q

Accumulation of bilirubin leads to what medical condition?

A

Jaundice, icterus

52
Q

What rare autosomal disorder affects breakdown of BCAAs?

A

Maple syrup urine disease

53
Q

Steroids contain how many fused rings?

A

4

54
Q

Which amino acids are BCAAs?

A

Leucine, valine, and isoleucine

55
Q

What amino acid is NOT both glucogenic and ketogenic?

A

Glycine

56
Q

The enzyme that converts cholesteroyl ester to cholesterol is?

A

Cholesterol esterase

57
Q

What is the most common occurring fatty acid in the human body?

A

Palmitic acid

58
Q

Most fatty acids are stored in ____.

A

Adipose tissue

59
Q

De novo synthesis is attempting to create which fatty acid?

A

Palmitate

60
Q

How many double bonds can be found in arachidonic fatty acid?

A

4

61
Q

What function is the citrate shuttle associated with?

A

Building fatty acids

62
Q

The difference between bile salts and acids is pH.

True or false.

A

True

63
Q

Lipid malabsorption can cause which of the following?

A

Excessive lipids in feces

Biochem 2 (3 decks)

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