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Biochem 2 > Exam II > Flashcards

Exam II Flashcards

1
Q

The only water soluble vitamin that isn’t part of the b-complex is?

A

Vitamin C

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2
Q

The hematopoietic vitamins include:

A

Folic acid

Vitamin B12

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3
Q

Characteristics of ascorbic acid:

A

A reducing agent for many reactions

Antioxidant

Reduces iron from ferric to ferrous

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4
Q

Vitamin A can also be referred to as:

A

Beta-carotene

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5
Q

The excess consumption of these 2 vitamins can lead to toxicity:

A

Vitamin A

Vitamin D

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6
Q

What is the difference between a nucleotide and a nucleoside?

A

Nucleotides have phosphate group on them

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7
Q

The conjugate base of folic acid is?

A

Folate

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8
Q

The active form of thiamine is?

A

Thiamine phyrophosphate

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9
Q

Synthesis of purine nucleotides uses how many ATP?

A

5

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10
Q

A and T form 2 H-bonds
C and G form 3 H-bonds.
True or False?

A

True

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11
Q

In the synthesis of purines, R-5-P to PRRP requires energy in the form of ATP.
True or False?

A

True

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12
Q

What is the cofactor of purine synthesis?

A

MG2+

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13
Q

In regards to fat soluble vitamins, only vitamin K can act as a coenzyme.
True or false?

A

True

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14
Q

What is considered the “parent” purine nucleotide?

A

IMP

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15
Q

Calcitonin takes Ca2+ from the blood and puts it into the bone.
True or false.

A

True

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16
Q

What rare, x-linked recessive disorder is associated with almost complete deficiency of HGPRT?

A

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

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17
Q

CPS II is inhibited by?

A

UTP

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18
Q

Acceptable range of fiber between men and women is equal.

True or false.

A

False

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19
Q

What is the other name for vitamin C?

A

Ascorbic acid

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20
Q

The oxidized form of retinal is?

A

Retinoic acid

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21
Q

The active form of niacin is?

A

NAD+

NADP+

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22
Q

Increased levels of LDL and decreased levels of HDL are metabolic effects of which fatty acid?

A

Trans fatty acid

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23
Q

Hypoparathyroidism can be due to a ____.

A

Lack of parathyroid hormone

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24
Q

What type of fat may increase risk of prostate and colon cancer?

A

Saturated fatty acid

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25
Q

Toxicity of vitamin K can lead to hemolytic anemia and ____.

A

Jaundice

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26
Q

Which macronutrient has a strong influence on the incidence of coronary heart disease?

A

Dietary fats

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27
Q

What is the reduced coenzyme form of folate?

A

THF

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28
Q

Trans fatty acids have what effect on LDL and HDL?

A

Increase LDL, decrease HDL

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29
Q

What vitamin functions to reduce iron from Fe3+ to Fe2+?

A

Vitamin C

30
Q

Biotin is covalently bound to what amino acid?

A

Lysine

31
Q

Kwashiorkor occurs when there is a deficiency of what?

A

Protein

32
Q

How many hydrogen bonds do adenine and thymine form?

A

2

33
Q

What brings mice happiness?

A

Cheese

34
Q

Which vitamin is the least toxic of fat-soluble vitamins?

A

Vitamin E

35
Q

Pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine are collectively known as which vitamin?

A

Vitamin B6

36
Q

Of the fat soluble vitamins, which is the only one that can act as a coenzyme?

A

Vitamin K

37
Q

Which vitamin is the most deficient among the US population?

A

Folic acid

38
Q

Beriberi is a disease caused by a deficiency in which vitamin?

A

Thiamine

39
Q

What 2 monosaccharides is sucrose composed of?

A

Glucose and fructose

40
Q

What has the greatest food energy content?

A

Fat

41
Q

Which metal element is in the center of the corrin ring structure of vitamin B12?

A

Cobalt

42
Q

Which fats are associated with the essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid?

A

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fats

43
Q

Which vitamin is not fat soluble?

A

Vitamin C

44
Q

Scurvy is a disease resulting from a deficiency in which vitamin?

A

Vitamin C

45
Q

High-fructose corn syrup is enzymatically synthesized from what monosaccharide?

A

Glucose

46
Q

Which compound acts through nuclear receptors and activates intestinal calcium ions?

A

Calcitriol

47
Q

What is an active form of riboflavin?

A

FAD

48
Q

What is the aldehyde form of the vitamin A retinoid?

A

Retinal

49
Q

Which lipids contain the highest percentage of cholesterol?

A

LDL

50
Q

Which type of fat increases LDL but has very little effect on HDL?

A

Saturated fatty acid

51
Q

Which fat lowers LDL and maintains or increases HDL?

A

Mono-unsaturated fatty acid

52
Q

Which fats increase incidence of coronary heart disease?

A

Tans fatty acid

Saturated fatty acid

53
Q

Fructose is found in what foods?

A

Fruits and honey

54
Q

Glucose is found in what foods?

A

Fruits, corn, corn syrup, honey

55
Q

High-fructose corn syrup under goes what type of processing to convert glucose to fructose?

A

Enzymatic

56
Q

Sucrose is made of what monosaccharides?

A

Glucose

Fructose

57
Q

Characteristics of maramus:

A

Caloric deprivation

Extreme muscle wasting, subcutaneous fat, weakness, anemia

58
Q 
Thiamine (B1)
Riboflavin (B2)
Niacin (B3)
Biotin
Pantothenic acid

All are classified as what type of B complex?

A

Energy releasing

59
Q

Folic acid, thiamine, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, cobalamin, niacin, biotin, and pantothenic acid are all ____ soluble.

A

Water

60
Q

Deficiency of what vitamin can cause pellagra?

A

Niacin

61
Q

Consists of 4 dietary reference standards for intake of nutrients. Designated by life stage (age) groups, physiological states, and gender.

A

Dietary reference intake

62
Q

Average daily nutrient intake estimated to meet requirements of 1/2 of health individuals of a particular life-stage or gender.

A

Estimated average requirement

63
Q

Average daily dietary intake level to meet nutrient requirements of 97-98% of individuals in a particular life stage or gender group.

A

Recommended dietary allowance

64
Q

When insufficient RDA evidence is not available to calculate an EAR or RDA.

A

Adequate intake

65
Q

The highest average daily intake level that will, posing no risk of adverse health effects in general population.

A

Tolerable upper intake level

66
Q

Saturated fats contain how many double bonds?

A

None

67
Q

Mon-unsaturated fats contain how many many double bonds?

A

1 double bond

68
Q

What are the main dietary monosaccharides found in foods?

A

Glucose

Fructose

69
Q

Synthesis of purine nucleotides uses which amino acids?

A 
Glutamine
Glutamate
Glycine
Tetrahydrofolate
Aspartate
Fumarate
70
Q

Which form of vitamin A cannot be reduced physiologically?

A

Retinoic acid

Biochem 2 (3 decks)

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