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Articulation Anatomy > Exam III > Flashcards

Exam III Flashcards

1
Q

Extrinsic Facial Muscles: Transverse:
1.
2.

A
  1. Buccinator

2. Risorius

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2
Q 
Buccinator
origin: 
insertion:
course: 
function:
A

origin: (3) pterygomandibular ligament; alveolar process of maxillae, mandibular 3rd molar
insertion: orbicularis oris at corner of mouth (both sides)
course: horizontal
function: Pull lips tight against teeth

Largest Muscle in the Cheek

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3
Q 
Risorius
origin: 
insertion:
course: 
function:
A

origin: fascia of masseter muscle
insertion: orbicularis oris at corners of mouth
course: horizontal
function: pulls lips tight against teeth

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4
Q

Extrinsic Facial Muscles: Angular
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Zygomatic Major
  2. Zygomatic Minor
  3. Depressor Labii Inferior
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5
Q 
Zygomatic Major: 
origin: 
insertion:
course: 
function:
A

origin: zygomatic bone
insertion: orbicularis oris @ corner of mouth
course: obliquely down
function: Smile muscle

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6
Q 
Zygomatic Minor: 
origin: 
insertion:
course: 
function:
A

origin: zygomatic bone
insertion: mid-lateral region of upper lip
course: inferior and medial
function: elevate upper lip

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7
Q 
Depressor Labii Inferior
origin: 
insertion:
course: 
function:
A

origin: mandible
insertion: orbicularis oris inferior
course: superior and medial
function: depress lip
* * Pout Muscles**

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8
Q

Extrinsic Facial Muscles: Vertical
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Mentalis
  2. Depressor Anguli Oris
  3. Levator Anguli Oris
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9
Q 
Mentalis
origin: 
insertion:
course: 
function:
A

origin: mandible @ incisive fossa
insertion: skin of chin region
course: vertical
function: wrinkle chin

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10
Q 
Depressor Anguli Oris
origin: 
insertion:
course: 
function:
A

origin: mandible
insertion: oribicularis oris inferior AND superior
course: vertical
function: depress the upper and lower corners of mouth; compress lips (bring together)
* Frown Muscle**

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11
Q 
Levator Anguli Oris
origin: 
insertion:
course: 
function:
A

origin: maxillae
insertion: orbicularis oris superior and inferior
course: vertical
function: elevate corners of mouth Smile

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12
Q

Platysma

A

Large muscle located in neck

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13
Q 
Levator Labii Superioris
Origin: 
Insertion: 
Course: 
Function:
A

Origin: orbit, zygomatic bone, maxilla
Insertion: OOS
Course: Inferior and Medial
Function: Elevate Upper Lip

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14
Q 
Levator Labii Alaquae Nasi Superior
origin: 
insertion:
course: 
function:
A

origin: maxilla
insertion: cartilage of nose, OOS
course: vertical
function: pull up upper lip, dilate nostrils

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15
Q

Tongue Functions:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Modify the shape of the oral cavity to change resonance characteristics
  2. Acts as a valve to inhibit or stop airflow
  3. Works with the teeth, alveolar processes, and palate to generate noise
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16
Q 
Parts of tongue: 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5.
A
  1. Tip - Most anterior
  2. Blade - located below upper alveolar ridge
  3. Front - part that sits below hard palate
  4. Back - portion under soft palate
  5. Root - located in oral pharynx

** Tongue Blade, Front, and Back comprise tongue body **

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17
Q 
Tongue Landmarks:
1. 
2. 
3. 
4.
A
  1. Dorsum: top surface of tongue
  2. Central Sulcus
  3. Lingual Frenulum: connects tongue to base of mouth
  4. Median Fibrous Septum: band of connective tissue that separates the two portions of tongue
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18
Q

Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Tongue Muscles

A

Intrinsic - within tongue - change tongue shape

Extrinsic - change position/movement of tongue - anchored to bone

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19
Q 
Intrinsic Tongue Muscles: 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4.
A
  1. Superior Longitudinal
  2. Inferior Longitudinal
  3. Transverse
  4. Vertical
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20
Q 
Intrinsic Tongue Muscles: Superior Longitudinal
origin: 
insertion: 
course: 
function:
A

origin: fibrous tissue below mucous membrane of tongue covering
insertion: lateral margins of tongue and tongue tip
course: anterior
function: elevate, assist in retraction, deviate tip of tongue

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21
Q 
Intrinsic Tongue Muscles: Inferior Longitudinal
origin: 
insertion: 
course: 
function:
A

origin: tongue root and hyoid
insertion: tip of tongue
course: anterior
function: pull tongue tip down

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22
Q 
Intrinsic Tongue Muscles: Transverse
origin: 
insertion: 
course: 
function:
A

origin: median fibrous septum
insertion: sides of tongue
course: transverse
function: narrow tongue

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23
Q 
Intrinsic Tongue Muscles: Vertical 
origin: 
insertion: 
course: 
function:
A

origin: base of tongue
insertion: mucous membrane
course: vertically down
function: flattens tongue

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24
Q 
Extrinsic Tongue Muscles: 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4.
A
  1. Genioglossus
  2. Styloglossus
  3. Palatoglossus
  4. Hyoglossus
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25
Q 
Extrinsic Tongue Muscles: Genioglossus
origin: 
insertion: 
course: 
function:
A

origin: inner surface of mandible at symphysis
insertion: hyoid, tongue tip, dorsum
course: fan-like
function: brings tongue down in oral cavity
just anterior contraction: retract tongue
just posterior contraction: bring tongue forward
* strongest and largest extrinsic tongue muscle*

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26
Q 
Extrinsic Tongue Muscles: Styloglossus
origin: 
insertion: 
course: 
function:
A

origin: styloid process of temporal bone
insertion: hyoglossus, inferior longitudinal muscle, inferior side of tongue
course: inferior, anterior, oblique
function: draws tongue back and up

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27
Q 
Extrinsic Tongue Muscles: Palatoglossus
origin: 
insertion: 
course: 
function:
A

origin: soft palate
insertion: sides of posterior tongue
course: inferior
function: raise back of tongue

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28
Q 
Extrinsic Tongue Muscles: Hyoglossus
origin: 
insertion: 
course: 
function:
A

origin: hyoid bone
insertion: sides of tongue
course: vertical
function: lower tongue

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29
Q

TMJ:
Movements:

A

movements: depression, elevation, protrusion

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30
Q

Temporomandibular ligament:
location:
function:

A

location: runs from zygomatic arch to mandible
function: restricts movement of TMJ

31
Q

Stylomandibular ligament:
location:
function:

A

location: runs from styloid process to mandible
function: restricts movement of TMJ

32
Q

Age of first baby tooth:

Age of first adult tooth:

A

first baby tooth: 6-9 months

first adult tooth: 6-7 years

33
Q

Age when all baby teeth have erupted:

Age when all permanent teeth have erupted;

A

baby teeth: 2 years

permanent teeth: 12 years (except third molars)

34
Q 
Mandibular Depressors: 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4.
A
  1. Mylohyoid
  2. Geniohyoid
  3. Platysma
  4. Digastricus
35
Q 
Mandibular Depressors: Mylohyoid
origin: 
insertion: 
course: 
function:
A

origin: mylohyoid line of mandible
insertion: hyoid body
course: fan-like
function: depress mandible

36
Q 
Mandibular Depressors: Geniohyoid 
origin: 
insertion: 
course: 
function:
A

origin: mandible
insertion: hyoid body
course: posterior
function: depress mandible

37
Q

Mandibular Elevators:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Masseter
  2. Temporalis
  3. Medial Pterygoid
38
Q 
Mandibular Elevators: Masseter
origin: 
insertion: 
course: 
function:
A
  • Most powerful and superficial muscle for chewing*
    origin: external: zygomatic arch
    internal: inner surface of zygomatic arch
    insertion: external: angle and lateral surface of ramus
    internal: superior ramus and coronoid process
    course: external: inferior
    internal: posterior
    function: elevate mandible
39
Q 
Mandibular Elevators: Temporalis
origin: 
insertion: 
course: 
function:
A

origin: temporal and parietal bones
insertion: coronoid process and anterior ramus
course: inferior
function: elevate mandible

40
Q 
Mandibular Elevators: Medial Pterygoid 
origin: 
insertion: 
course: 
function:
A

origin: pterygoid process of sphenoid bone, maxilla, palatine bones
insertion: interior surface of ramus
course: lateral
function: elevate mandible

41
Q

Protrusion of Mandible:

1.

A
  1. Lateral Pterygoid
42
Q 
Lateral Pterygoid
origin: 
insertion: 
course: 
function:
A

origin: pterygoid process of sphenoid, maxilla, palatine bones
insertion: condylar process
course: posterior
function: protrusion of mandible

43
Q

Velum:
Function:

A

muscular valve that separates nasopharynx from oropharynx when closed

44
Q

Hard Palate Landmarks:
1.
2.

A
  1. Rugae - wrinkles in hard palate

2. Midline Raphe - groove in midline of mucous membrane

45
Q

Soft Palate Depressor Muscles:
1.
2.

A
  1. Glossopalatine

2. Pharyngopalatine

46
Q

Soft Palate Elevator Muscles:
1.
2.

A
  1. Levator Palatini - forms bulk of soft palate - very complex muscle
  2. Uvular Muscle - elevation and retraction of velum
47
Q

Soft Palate Tensor Muscle:

1.

A
  1. Tensor Palatini - tenses palate
48
Q 
Pharyngeal muscles: 
1. 
2. 
3. 
Function:
A
  1. Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor
  2. Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor
  3. Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor

Crucial for safe swallowing

49
Q

Sound filter theory of vowel production
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Vocal Tract (vocal folds)
  2. Filter (how air is filtered, airflow is constricted)
  3. Resonant frequency (unique for each vowel)
50
Q

Source Filter Theory of Speech Production
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Source of sound
  2. Filter (stop, fricative, glide, etc.)
  3. Cavity size and frequency
51
Q 
Phases of Swallowing: 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4.
A
  1. Oral Prep- Only for solid; forms bolus (2-20 sec) (many articulators)
  2. Oral–less than 1 second, when bolus reaches faucial pillars (just tongue movement)
  3. Pharyngeal- starts when bolus reaches pharynx - 1 sec (pharyngeal constrictor muscles)
  4. Esophageal- starts when bolus enters esophagus
52
Q

What are two requirements for safe swallowing?
1.
2.

A
  1. Muscle contraction

2. Intact sensory input and feedback

53
Q

Resonance:

Affected by:

A

Resonance is a natural process by which we selectively increase energy to the components of a sound
Affected by volume of cavity, length of opening, area of opening

54
Q

The vocal tract consists of:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Oral Cavity
  2. Pharynx
  3. Nasal Cavity
55
Q

Speech:

A

Most complex sequential motor task that’s performed by humans.
Series of linked movements requiring simultaneous control over many parameters.

56
Q

Sensory feedback used to:

A

adjust movements in speech

In speech: tactile and auditory feedback are crucial

57
Q

3 steps to speech:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Concept formed
  2. Language structure added
  3. muscular activation
58
Q

Coarticulation:

A

Overlapping effect of one articulatory gesture with another

59
Q

Contextual speech:

Sounds per second:

A

running speech used in a phrase or sentence

10-15 sounds produced per second

60
Q

Suprasegmental features

include:

A

Add meaning to speech production

Includes: Prosidy (pitch, loudness, and duration variations)

61
Q 
How do articulators move? 
Lips: 
Mandible: 
Velum:
Tongue:
A

Lips: round, retract
Mandible: depress
Velum: elevate, retract, lower
Tongue: elevate/depress tip, deviate tip, protrude, retract, etc.

62
Q

Why do articulators move?
1.
2.

A
  1. to create a resonating cavity for vowels

2. to create a constriction for consonants

63
Q

Phoneme:

A

sound unit that conveys meaning

64
Q

Allophone:

A

different pronunciation of a phoneme

65
Q

Which system’s dysfunction is most likely to impact intelligibility?

A

articulatory system (sound-shaping system)

66
Q

Resonant frequency:

Is governed by:

A

frequency of sound to which the cavity most effectively responds
the cavity’s volume and length

67
Q

Sound source
Vowels:
Consonant:

A

Vowels: always phonation (voiced)
Consonants: voiced or voiceless (produced due to turbulence, ex fricatives)

68
Q

Frequency will ______ if air volume decreases.

69
Q

Immobile articulators:

A

hard palate, teeth, alveolar ridge

70
Q

Mobile articulators:

A

lips, cheeks, tongue, velum, mandible

71
Q

Which formant do we use to identify a vowel?

A

2nd formant

72
Q

More muscles required for tongue movement or change of tongue shape?

A

tongue movement

73
Q 
Orbicularis Oris
origin 
insertion 
course 
function
A

origin: corner of lips
insertion: opposite corner of lips
course: lateral
function: pucker, close mouth

Articulation Anatomy (2 decks)

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