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RUSVM Microanatomy Red '16 > Exam III > Flashcards

Exam III Flashcards

1
Q

Where do the hemangioblasts come together and form the primitive heart, blood vessels and blood cells?

A

Cardiogenic field

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2
Q

Which portions of the endocardial heart tubes make contact with the developing venous system?

A

The caudal portions

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3
Q

When the foramen primum closes what is it replaced by?

A

Second foramen (foramen [ostium] secundum)

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4
Q

The septum primum serves as a valve for what structure during atrial partitioning?

What does it do?

A

Foramen ovale

Prevents return of blood into the right atrium

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5
Q

During the first breaths vascular resistance increases or decreases in the lungs?

A

Decreases

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6
Q

What assists in the physiological closure of the foramen ovale during the first breaths?

A

Vascular resistance decreases in the lungs and blood pressure in the pulmonary circulatory system drops.

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7
Q

What is divided into the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk by a spiral septum?

A

Truncus arteriosus

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8
Q

What structure ensures that the blood from the right ventricle flows into the pulmonary trunk and that the blood from the left ventricle flows into the ascending aorta?

A

Spiral aorto-pulmonary septum

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9
Q

What causes the condition Transposition of the great vessels?

A

The spiral septum in the truncus arteriosus develops straight instead of spirally and causes deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to flow into the ascending aorta and the highly oxygenated blood from the left ventricle flows into the pulmonary trunk.

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10
Q

What causes megaesophagus?

A

A persistent right aortic arch.

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11
Q

Label each layer:

A

Right arrow: Endocardium

Middle arrow: Purkinje fibers

Left arrow: Myocardium

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12
Q

Label each arrow:

A

Left arrow: Epicardium

Middle arrow: Epicardial fat

Right arrow: Myocardium

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13
Q

Label each structure:

What type of muscle is this?

A

A. Tunica adventitia

B. Tunica media

C. Tunica intima

Smooth muscle

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14
Q

Name the labeled structure:

A

Smooth muscle nuclei

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15
Q

Name the labeled structures:

What type of artery is this?

A
  1. Tunica adventitia
  2. Tunica media
  3. Tunica intima

Elastic artery

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16
Q

The tunica adventitia contains the _________ to assist in supplying nutritional needs of thick tunica media

A

Vasa vasorum

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17
Q

Name each labeled structure:

A

A. Atrium

B. A/V valve

C. Ventricle

D. Epicardium

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18
Q

Name each labeled structure:

A

A. Elastic artery

B. Muscular artery

C. Arteriole

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19
Q

Name the type of muscle in the following image:

A

Myocardium: Cardiac muscle

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20
Q

Label each layer in the following image:

A

Top arrow: Tunica intima

Middle arrow/bracket thing: Tunica media

Bottom arrow/bracket thing: Tunica adventitia

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21
Q

Is the following image of an artery or a vein?

A

Vein

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22
Q

Name the following image:

A

Hepatic sinusoids

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23
Q

Name the following image:

A

Lymphatic vessel

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24
Q

What vessels are known as ‘leaky’ vessels?

A

Venules

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25
Q

RBC can exit through which type of capillary?

A

Discontinuous (sinusoidal)

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26
Q

Which capillary can be found in muscle, brain, bone and lungs?

A

Continuous: Blood brain-barriers and blood-testis barriers

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27
Q

Which capillary is in tissues with substantial fluid exchange?

A

Fenestrated capillary

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28
Q

Which cells wrap around capillaries and venules and “communicate” with endothelial cells by physical contact and paracrine signaling?

A

Pericytes (Rouget cells): They proliferate after injury. May be replacement stem cell source. Important in angiogenesis

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29
Q

What represents the site of exchange between blood and surrounding tissue?

A

Capillaries

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30
Q

What are the three classifications of capillaries?

A

Continuous

Fenestrated

Discontinuous (sinusoidal)

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31
Q

Parts of the central nervous system rich in cell bodies but have limited number of myelinated axons are known as:

A

Grey Matter

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32
Q

Region of the central nervous system rich in myelinated axons

A

White Matter

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33
Q

Name the following structure (neural tissue). What is it composed of?

A

Neural Soma. Contains Nissl Substance.

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34
Q

Contact between neurons and/or effector cells are known as:

A

Synapse

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35
Q

The __________ connect the axon to the body of the neuron.

A

Axon Hillock

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36
Q

Number 6 represents:

A

Axoaxonic synapse

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37
Q

Number 7 represents:

A

Axodendritic synapse

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38
Q

Number 8 represents:

A

Axoaxonic synapse on axon hillock

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39
Q

Identify the following structure

A

Motor End Plate (Neuromuscular junction)

40
Q

Nocireceptors and Thermoreceptors are an example of which type of nerve ending?

A

Free (naked) nerve endings

41
Q

The following structure characterized by an “onion” appearance is a _______________ and it is a mechanoreceptor for _________.

A

Pacinian corpuscle responsible for sensing deep pressure

42
Q

The following image represents the __________ and can be found at the insertion of skeletal muscle fibers into tendons. It senses ___________.

A

Golgi organ senses stretching. It is composed of muscle spindles.

43
Q

The following image represents a cross section of a:

A

Muscle Spindle

44
Q

______________ form the myelin sheath in the neurons as they wrap around and form a “tree ring” like appearance. (Represented by #3)

A

Olygodendrocytes

45
Q

Identify the following structure (note it’s location in the periphery of the axon).

A

Oligodendrocyte

46
Q

Resident macrophages of the Central nervous System are known as:

A

Microgliocytes (Note the vacuolation due to ingestion of celular debris)

47
Q

The Choroid Plexus is lined by which type of cell?

A

Ependymal cells. Also line the central canal of the spinal cord.

48
Q

The following image represents:

A

Choroid Plexus located within the lateral ventricles of the brain

49
Q

True or False:

Oligodendrocytes can aid the mylienation of multiple axons in one neural cell and multiple axons in different neurons.

50
Q

The following structure seen with GFAP special staining is a:

51
Q

Protoplasmic Astrocytes can be found in ___________, while Fibrilar Astrocytes can be found in ___________.

a. Grey Matter
b. White Matter

A

Protoplasmic in grey matter

Fibrilar in white matter

52
Q

True or False:

Grey matter is peripheral in the brain while it is central in the spinal cord

53
Q

Identify the following areas:

A

Top arrow: Grey matter

Bottom arrow: White matter

54
Q

Identify the following areas:

A

Top arrow: Grey matter

Bottom arrow: White matter

55
Q

The Subarachnoid space between the meninges of the brain contain:

A

Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)

56
Q

The outermost layer (meninges) of the spinal cord is known as:

A

Dura matter

57
Q

The ______________ separates white matter from the arachnoid space.

A

Pia Matter

58
Q

Site of cerebral spinal fluid formation:

A

Choroid plexus

59
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid must be drained away and it is replaced ______ times a day.

60
Q

Structure that helps control the peristaltic movement of the gastrointestinal tract

A

Myentric Plexus

61
Q

The atrio-pulmonary septum ensures that blood from the right ventricle goes into the _____________ and blood from the left ventricle exit through the ________________.

A

Right ventricle > Pulmonary Trunk

Left Ventricle > Ascendign aorta

62
Q

A transposition of the great blood vessels that causes a patent ductus arteriosus is known as:

A

Persistent right aortic arch

63
Q

Portion of the brain that links the neural system to the endocrine system is the:

A

Hypothalamus

64
Q

The ____________ of the Hypothalamus releases hormones into the blood’s portal system.

A

Adenohypophisis

65
Q

Hormones are stored in the _________ of the hypothalamus and released when needed.

A

Neurohypophisis

66
Q

During pituitary embryonic development the adenohypophisis arises from the:

a. Pars nervosa
b. Pars distalis
c. Infundibulum
d. Pars anterior

A

Pars distalis

67
Q

The pituitary gland during embryonic development is divided by the :

A

Infundibulum

68
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin are released by the ________ and stored in the ________.

A

Neurohypophisis stored in the Herring bodies

69
Q

Source of melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) in the pituitary gland is the:

a. Pars intermedia
b. Pars distalis
c. Infundibulum
d. Pars tuberalis

A

Pars intermedia

70
Q

Pinnealocytes produce __________.

71
Q

The following image represent a cross section of the _________.

C cells are producing _______________.

A

Thyroid. C cells are producing calcitonin which lower calcium activity.

72
Q

The Parathyroid gland is composed of ________ cells. Which stimulate the release of paratohormone to increase calcium resorption.

A

Chief cells. (Stimulate osteoclasts)

73
Q

Identify the following layers of the adrenal gland.

What is secreted by each of the layers?

A

Acronym: GFRM (Go Fucking Rest Man!)

Zona Glomelurosa (Top): Aldosterone

Zona Fasciculata: Cortisol

Zona Reticularis: Androgen sex cells

Adrenal Medulla: Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

74
Q

Identify the following structure composed of Alpha, Beta, Delta and F cells:

A

Islets of Langhergan in the Pancreas.

Specific types of cells can only be seen by special staining methods.

75
Q

Ear wax is also known as:

76
Q

The tympanic membrane is covered externally by _________ and internally by _________.

Which type of epithelia?

A

Externally by stratified squamous and internally by simple squamous epithelium.

77
Q

The tympanic cavity in the middle ear contains which 3 auditory ossicle bones are:

A

Malleous

Incus

Stapes

78
Q

The choclea is located in which part of the ear?

79
Q

The tympanic bulla lines which part of the middle ear?

A

The ventral part

80
Q

The bony labyrinth in the ear contains which type of protective fluid?

81
Q

The membranous labyrinth in the inner ear contains which type of protective fluid?

82
Q

Which arrow is highliting the choclea?

83
Q

The crysta ampullaris in the ear detects which type of motions?

A

Angular acceleration and deceleration

84
Q

The otolithic membrane in the ear senses which type of movement?

A

Linear acceleration and deceleration

85
Q

The ___________ is a gelatinous mass which moves and bends hair cells in the inner ear and send the impulses via the vestibular branch of cranial nerve number _________.

A

Cupula sends the impulse to the brain by the cranial nerve #8

86
Q

The structured labeled with “A” is which structure of the inner ear?

87
Q

The eustachian tube in the horse is known as the __________ and is of clinical importance

A

Guttural pouch

88
Q

Which auditory ossicle can be visualized from the outer ear canal?

89
Q

Cerumen (ear wax) is a product of which type of glandular secretion?

A

Apical gland secretion

90
Q

Identify

A

Plasma Cell

91
Q

Identify

92
Q

Identify

93
Q

Identify. Judging fromt the morphology of the red blood cells, what type of animals does this smear most likely belong to?

A

Heterophils. The smear most likely belong to a reptile, bird, amphibian or fish.

94
Q

Identify

A

Neutrophils

95
Q

Identify

A

Eosinophils. Notice eosinophilic granules in cytoplasm.

96
Q

Identify the structure labelled 2, 3, 5 and 7 of the developing heart.

A

2: Primary atrial septum
3: Secondary atrial septum
5: Ostium secundum
7: Interventricular septum

97
Q

Linning cells of the thyroid secrete _________ which is stored in the follicle lumen as __________.

A

Linning cells create Thyroglobulin which is converted to Thyroxin (T3/T4) and stored in the lumen as “colloid”

RUSVM Microanatomy Red '16 (3 decks)

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