Exam III

Question 1

Midclavicular plane

Answer 1

vertical planes which extend inferiorly from the midpoints of the clavicles to the midpoints of lines joining the anterior and superior iliac spine to the pubic symphysis

Question 2

Subcostal plane

Answer 2

a horizontal plane joining the lowest point of the costal margin on each side. It lies at the inferior margin of rib 10 (LV3)

Question 3

Transtubercular plane

Answer 3

a horizontal plane which joins the tubercles of the iliac crests (LV5)

Question 4

region location of liver

Answer 4

right hypochondrium and epigastric

Question 5

region location of spleen

Answer 5

left hypochondrium

Question 6

region location of fundus and body of stomach

Answer 6

left hypochondrium

Question 7

Name the two subdivisions of the superficial fascia

Answer 7

superficial layer: Camper’s fascia

deeper layer: Scarpa’s fascia

Question 8

Extravasation of urine

Answer 8

rupture of the spongy urethra
can spread superiorly
cannot spread inferiorly
problem for males

Question 9

linea alba

Answer 9

median tendinous raphe that goes from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis

Question 10

tendinous intersections

Answer 10

3 bundles of connective tissue which run transversely across the rectus abdominis within its sheath

Question 11

above the arcuate line, anterior layer of rectus sheath is composed of aponeuroses of which two muscles?

Answer 11

external and internal oblique

Question 12

above the arcuate line, posterior layer of rectus sheath is composed of aponeuroses of which two muscles?

Answer 12

internal oblique and transversus abdominis

Question 13

below the arcuate line, anterior layer of rectus sheath is composed of aponeuroses of which muscles?

Answer 13

external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominis

Question 14

below the arcuate line, the posterior layer of rectus sheath is composed of aponeuroses of fascial layer?

Answer 14

transversalis fascia

Question 15

median umbilical fold contains?

Answer 15

urachus

Question 16

medial umbilical fold contains?

Answer 16

obliterated umbilical artery

Question 17

lateral umbilical fold contains?

Answer 17

inferior epigastric vessels

Question 18

ligamentum teres

Answer 18

lies above the umbilicus
contains obliterated umbilical vein
is the free edge of the falciform ligament

Question 19

inguinal ligament

Answer 19

formed by lower edge of external oblique aponeurosis

Question 20

lacunar ligament

Answer 20

medial fibers of inguinal ligament

Question 21

pectineal ligament

Answer 21

extension of the lacunar ligament

Question 22

inguinal canal begins and ends

Answer 22

begins: deep inguinal ring
ends: superficial inguinal ring

Question 23

inguinal canal transmits

Answer 23

spermatic cord (males)
round ligament of the uterus (females)
ilioinguinal ligament (both sexes)

Question 24

conjoint tendon

Answer 24

fusion of the aponeuroses of the internal oblique and transversus abdominus muscles
lies deep to the inguinal ligament

Question 25

where direct inguinal hernias occur

Answer 25

inguinal triangle

Question 26

anatomical adaptations that strengthen the inguinal canal

Answer 26

oblique angle in adults intra-abdominal muscles narrow canal with constriction conjoint tendon reinforces posterior wall

Question 27

inguinal hernias more common in males because:

Answer 27

larger diameter canal | scrotum creates large potential space

Question 28

indirect inguinal hernias pass lateral/medial to inferior epigastric vessels?

Answer 28

lateral | account for 75% of hernias

Question 29

direct inguinal hernias pass lateral/medial to inferior epigastric vessels?

Answer 29

medial | account for 25% of hernias

Question 30

femoral hernia more common in males/females

Answer 30

females

Question 31

umbilical hernia

Answer 31

incomplete closure of the anterior abdominal wall | also due to linea alba defects

Question 32

ductus deferens

Answer 32

transports sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct

Question 33

testicular artery

Answer 33

branch of abdominal aorta

Question 34

pampiniform plexus of veins

Answer 34

venous network accounting for most of the spermaticord left drains into left renal vein right drains into inferior vena cava

Question 35

artery to the ductus deferens

Answer 35

branch of the superior vesical artery

Question 36

cremasteric artery

Answer 36

branch of the inferior epigastric artery

Question 37

genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

Answer 37

supplies the cremaster muscle

Question 38

spermatic cord contents

Answer 38

``` ductus deferens testicular artery pampiniform plexus of veins artery to ductus deferens cremasteric artery genital branch of genitofemoral nerve remnant fo processus vaginalis autonomic nerves lymphatics ```

Question 39

branches of ilioinguinal nerve

Answer 39

femoral branch | anterior scrotal or anterior labial nerve

Question 40

dartos muscle

Answer 40

smooth muscle fibers firmly adhered to the skin of the scrotum

Question 41

gubernaculum testis

Answer 41

tendon that pulls testis down, controlled by testosterone

Question 42

cryptorchidism

Answer 42

undescended testes

Question 43

peritoneal cavity closed/open?

Answer 43

closed in males | open via uterine tubes in females

Question 44

retroperitoneal organs

Answer 44

ones that only have peritoneum on anterior surface

Question 45

ascites

Answer 45

accumulation of fluid within peritoneal cavity

Question 46

peritonitis

Answer 46

inflamed peritoneum

Question 47

peritonitis referred pain

Answer 47

to shoulder via phrenic n.

Question 48

parietal peritoneum sensitive/insensitive to pain?

Answer 48

very sensitive

Question 49

visceral peritoneum sensitive/insensitive to pain?

Answer 49

insensitive