Exam III

Question 1

Fishes

Answer 1

A part of Sub Phylum Vertebrates

Question 2

Gnathostomes

Answer 2

Jawed vertebrates

Question 3

Chrondricthyes

Answer 3

Sharks rays and skates

Question 4

Agnathans

Answer 4

Jawless fishes

Question 5

Myxini

Answer 5

hagfish

Question 6

hagfish

Answer 6

eyes simple
crude or no vertebrate
cartilage skull
slime glands
scavengers

Question 7

Chondricthyes anatomy

Answer 7

cartilage endoskeleton
teeth loose in jaws
ventral mouth
5-7 gill pairs

Question 8

most mammals are

Answer 8

vivi pararous

Question 9

turtles

Answer 9

sharp beak no teeth
oviparous

Question 10

sea turtles

Answer 10

7 extant species
fully marine
soft glands (eyes)

Question 11

Sea snake & Sea Krait

Answer 11

mostly marine; diving breathing nostrils
breathing nostrils
mostly venomous
paddle tail
salt gland under tongue

Question 12

sea snake

Answer 12

ovoviviparous

Question 13

sea kraits

Answer 13

oviparous *pacific & Indian oceans

Question 14

Sauropsids

Answer 14

feathered birds

Question 15

powered flight

Answer 15

light weight body
high metabolism
104-108 degrees or 40-42 Celsius
they have to eat a lot of food to keep that temp

Question 16

Synapsida

Answer 16

mammal-like reptiles

Question 17

Order Carnivora Marine Forms

Answer 17

Cat & dog like: sea otters, polar bears, seals walrus and sea lions

Question 18

sea otters, polar bears, seals walrus and sea lions traits

Answer 18

non retractable claws
long snouts
birth on land
carnivorous

Question 19

polar bears

Answer 19

ursa maritimus
*artic ocean sea ice only
largest extant bear species
dense fur + non blubber fat layer

Question 20

sea otters

Answer 20

mustelids (weasel family)
dense fur only no blubber
sensory whiskers
coastal temperate pacific

Question 21

pinnipeds

Answer 21

“fin feet”
seals, sealions, walrus, 34 species

Question 22

pinnipeds features

Answer 22

dense fur + blubber
sensory whiskers (vibrissae)
front and rear limbs modified into flippers

Question 23

walrus

Answer 23

cobodenus roswarns
*artic ocean
no external ears
rotatable rear flippers
tusk carnies

Question 24

Eared Seals

Answer 24

Sea lions & fur seals
rotatable rear flippers
enlarged front flippers
external ears

Question 25

True Seals

Answer 25

Phocids
no external ears
small front flippers
rear limbs partially fused

Question 26

Odontocetes

Answer 26

Toothed whales
80spp
single blowhole
toothed jaws
grasping/tearing teeth
predators
melon echo location

Question 27

Cetaceans

Answer 27

Dolphins & whales
90 spp
front limbs generated
rear limbs generated
tail adapted into swimming fluke
dorsal fin
blowhole
blubber
*birth in ocean
*carnivorous, predators or large plankton(filter feeders)

Question 28

Mysticetes

Answer 28

Baleen Whales (blue and grey whale)
14spp
no teeth
split blowhole
baleen filter feeding

Question 29

Order Sirenia

Answer 29

Manatees + Dugongs
front limbs adapted into flippers
rear limbs degenerated
tail adapted into swimming fluke
blubber
sensory whiskers ( vibrissae)
*birth in ocean
herbivorous

Question 30

Coral

Answer 30

Cnidarians
soft animal polyp
nestles in coralite
feeding tentacles ring out
CaCO3 skeletons (make limestone coral rock)
lining coral thin layer on top
most corals are colonial
most have tissue symbionts

Question 31

Agal Zooxanthellae

Answer 31

Mutualists
Host provide shelter and fertilizer.
Symbiont provides sunblock and food.
they are found in the epidermal tissue of the polyp
they give most coral their color

Question 32

Soft Coral Growth types

Answer 32

sea fans, sea rods, sea plumes, and black corals
soft coral uncommon in atlantic
usually polyps of 8
mainly in pacific/indian ocean

Question 33

Ahermatypics

Answer 33

don’t form bioherms
non stony or small stony or solitary
encrusting, too small, too soft

Question 34

Hermatypic

Answer 34

bio herm forming
All stony & colonial
massive or large branching types
not encrusters
deep water lophelia reef
live at or hotter than 60 or 68 degrees
isotherm
tropics & subtropics
eastern continent preference

Question 35

Scleractinian Corals

Answer 35

the main coral reef builder (stony)

Question 36

Hermatypic coral Water requirments

Answer 36

full 35ppt salinity
photic zone
nutrient poor
clear/transparent

Question 37

How coral reefs form & grow

Answer 37

need hard bottom
need hermatypic corals
sediment &rubble deposits (joins bases of adjacent corals & fills in loose spaces)
Encrusting algaes and ahermatypic corals cement

Question 38

Old reef

Answer 38

heavy bioerosion
open up spaces under & inside reef
creates shattered habitats

Question 39

Common Reef Bioeroders

Answer 39

Boring sponges
boring clams
boring sea urchins
parrot fish

Question 40

Island Coral formation

Answer 40

Fringing reef
Barrier reef
Atoll

Question 41

Fringing reef

Answer 41

fringe land - no lagoon

Question 42

Barrier Reef

Answer 42

narrow landward lagoon

Question 43

Atoll

Answer 43

ring of coral/islands
land submerged
central lagoon

Question 44

Coral reef zones

Answer 44

Reef crest (algal ridge)
Buttress zone (upper forefront reef)
fore reef (below buttress)
spur & groove zone
Reef flat (inshore of reef crest)
Coral Reef Lagoon

Question 45

Corals bleach when stressed

Answer 45

global warming
el nino
hurricanes
sea level rise
pollution
Ocean acidification
dredging
touching