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Anatomy II > Exam III > Flashcards

Exam III Flashcards

1
Q

what muscles make up the superficial back muscles

A

extrinsic back muscles affect upper limb movement
trapezius
latissimus dorsi
rhomboid major and minor
levator scapulae
rotator cuff muscles

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2
Q

Intermediate back muscles

A

Serratus posterior superior
serratus posterior inferior
splenius capitiis
splenius cervicis

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3
Q

serratus posterior inf and superior help with what?

A

breathing/ accessory muscles of respiration

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4
Q

splenius muscles are innervated by

A

dorsi rami of spinal nerves

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5
Q

Deep intrinsic back muscles

A

iliocostalis - cervicis, thoracis, lumborum
Longissimus- capitis, cervicis, thoracis
Spinalis

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6
Q

where is the longissimus seen the most

A

the thoracis region

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7
Q

what makes up the transversis spinalis

A

semispinalis
multifidus
rotares

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8
Q

the semispinalis muscles cross _____ vertebra

A

4-6

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9
Q

the multifidus muscles cross ____ vertebra

A

3-4

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10
Q

the rotatores muscles cross ____ vertebra

A

1-2

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11
Q

the multifidus is very well seen in the

A

lumboris region

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12
Q

Rotatores longus muscles goes up ____ spinous processes

A

2

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13
Q

rotatores brevis muscles goes up ____ spinous process

A

1

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14
Q

transversospinalis mm originate on

A

transverse processes

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15
Q

Levatores costarum longus
Levatores Costarum brevis
pathway

A

travel from ribs to transverse processes
more lateral than rotatores
accessory respiration muscles

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16
Q

the ligamentum nuchae is an expansion of the ______ and ends in the cervical region

A

supraspinous ligament

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17
Q

the ligamentum nuchae path

A

from external occipital protuberance to the spinous process of C6

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18
Q

costotransverse joint

A

lateral costotransverse: goes from rib directly to transverse process next to it
superior costotransverse ligament: goes from rib to TP above it

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19
Q

Posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia sits above what

A

the erector spinae in the lumbar and low thoracic region

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20
Q

middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia passes between

A

quadratus lumborum and erector spinae

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21
Q

anterior layer sits in the abdomen as the

A

anterior fascia of the quadratus lumborum

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22
Q

the quadratus lumborum is sandwhiched between

A

the anterior and middle layers of the thoracolumbar fascia

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23
Q

what core muscles are attached to the thoracolumbar fascia

A

the internal obliques and transverse abdominus

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24
Q

muscles contributing to the suboccipital triangle

A

rectus capitis posterior major
rectus capitis posterior minor
obliquus capitis superior m (OCS)
obliquus capitis inferior
semispinalis cervicis - not truly

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25
Q

Where do the muscles of the suboccipital triangle come together

A

spinous process of C2

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26
Q

three sides of the suboccipital triangle

A

rectus capitis posterior major
obliquus capitis superior
obliquus capitis inferior

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27
Q

corners of the suboccipital triangle

A

spinous process of C2
TP of C1
lateral part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

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28
Q

dorsal ramus of C1=

A

the suboccipital nerve
lies in the triangle
innervates lots of the suboccipital muscles

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29
Q

dorsal ramus of C2=

A

greater occipital nerve
sensory nerve that passes inferior to the obliquus capitis inferior muscle and proceeds to the posterior scalp

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30
Q

what lies under the suboccipital nerve and vertebral artery

A

the posterior atlantooccipital membrane (forms anterior wall)

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31
Q

what vessel runs from transverse foramen of C1 to the foramen magnum along the arch of the atlas in the suboccipital triangle

A

Vertebral Artery

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32
Q

what travels with the greater occipital nerve

A

occipital artery - passes from external carotid artery to the posterior scalp

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33
Q

filum terminale interum

A

continuation of pia mater covering the psinal cord as the spinal cord has ended

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34
Q

what anchors the spinal cord to the sacrum and coccyx

A

the filum terminale interum

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35
Q

what does the cauda equina consist of

A

ventral and dorsal roots below the level of the conus medullaris

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36
Q

what neural tissues pierces through the dura mater

A

the rootlets

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37
Q

denticulate ligaments are collection of what _____

A

pia mater

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38
Q

what is the first branch off the subclavian artery

A

vertebral artery

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39
Q

anterior longitudinal ligament function

A

stops anterior vertebral body translation, resists hyperextension

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40
Q

ligamentum flavum function

A

connect adjacent vertebral laminae and give posterior support/springiness

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41
Q

what is just behind the ligamentum flavum

A

the facet jionts

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42
Q

interspinous processes connect

A

adjacent spinous processes

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43
Q

supraspinous ligaments

A

outerpart of spinous processes for length of entire spinal column expands to become the nuchal ligament

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44
Q

where do the spinal nerves exit

A

the intervertebral foramen

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45
Q

what is a continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine

A

the tectorial membrane

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46
Q

Cruciate ligament in cervical spine

A

hold C1 and C2 together

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47
Q

alar ligament goes from ___ to _____

A

C1 to occiput

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48
Q

dens is on

A

C2

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49
Q

what is the function of the alar ligaments

A

prevent rotation of atlantooccipital joint
test with alar ligament check

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50
Q

what separates the innermost intercostals and the internal intercostals

A

intercostal nerve artery and vein

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51
Q

what pins the internal thoracic vessels

A

the transversus thoracis muscles

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52
Q

what is the inguinal ligament formed by

A

the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis

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53
Q

attachments of the inguinal ligament

A

asis and pubic tubercle

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54
Q

what surrounds the opening of the superficial inguinal ring

A

medial and lateral crus

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55
Q

in males, the inguinal canal hold the _____ ____

A

spermatic cord

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56
Q

what does the deep inguinal ring peirce?

A

the transversalis fascia

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57
Q

what makes up the conjoint tendon and where can you find it?

A

the aponeurosis of the internal abdominal oblique and the transverse abdominal muscles
Find it posterior to the superficial inguinal ring

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58
Q

what is the significance of the conjoint tendon?

A

direct hernias herniate here and go through the superficial inguinal ring

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59
Q

the lacunar ligament function

A

support of the medial edge of the inguinal ligament, supports things from falling out of abdominal medial to it
attaches the inguinal ligament posteriorly to the pubic bone, medial to the femoral sheath

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60
Q

spermatic cord picks up layers from the abdominal wall

A

from external oblique aponeurosis-external fascia
from internal oblique - cremaster fibers

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61
Q

in females what comes through inguinal canal

A

the round ligament of the uterus
may cause pain during preganccy

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62
Q

Lateral edge of the rectus sheath

A

linea semilunaris

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63
Q

above the arcuate line the anterior lamina =

A

aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique, 1/2 of the internal aponeurosis

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64
Q

above the arcuate line, posterior lamina

A

1/2 internal oblique aponeurosis and all of the transversus abdominus aponeurosis

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65
Q

below the arcuate line the anterior the anterior lamina is only the

A

external and internal aponeurosis, transverse abdominus

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66
Q

only posterior lamina below the arcuate line =

A

parietal perineum and transversalis fascia

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67
Q

what opening in the diaphragm is located at T8

A

opening for inferior vena cava

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68
Q

what opening in the diaphragm is located at T10

A

esophagus

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69
Q

what opening in the diaphragm is located at T12

A

abdominal aorta

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70
Q

intercostal nerves come off of

A

the sympathetic trunk

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71
Q

the sympathetic ganglion has

A

white and gray sympathetic communicantes

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72
Q

what is innervated by the subcostal nerve

A

the abdominal musculature/ skin approximately midway between umbilicus and pubic symphysis

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73
Q

what nerves come off ventral ramus of L1

A

iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal

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74
Q

ventral ramus of L1 innervates what

A

abdominal musculature and skin above and in the inguinal region

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75
Q

If you refract the aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique what do you see

A

ilioinguinal inferiorly with iliohypogastric above

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76
Q

where will ventral ramus of L1 nerves exit

A

superficial inguinal ring

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77
Q

what is the genitofemoral nerve responsible for

A

the cremasteric reflex

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78
Q

platysma muscle is innervated by

A

CN VII

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79
Q

SCM is innervated by

A

CN XII

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80
Q

where does the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle go through

A

a tendinous loop from the hyoid bone

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81
Q

the superior hyoid muscles help with

A

swallowing and phonation (include digastric, geniohyoid and mylohyoid and stylohyoid

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82
Q

attachments of longus capitus

A

cervical TPs up to head

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83
Q

attachments of longus colli

A

cervical vertebral bodies to other vertebral bodies

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84
Q

ansa cervicalis loops around

A

contents of the carotid sheath
has superior root (C1) and inferior root (C2-C3), a lot of times it loops around the internal jugular vein

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85
Q

ansa cervicalis innervates (C1-C2-C3)

A

all infrahyoid muscles except thyrohyoid

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86
Q

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII ) intervenes

A

hypoglossal

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87
Q

cutaneous nerves of the cervical plexus

A

lesser occipital n
greater auricular n
transverse cervical n
supraclavicular n

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88
Q

a part of the ____ ____ arises from C5 ventral rami

A

phrenic n

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89
Q

C5 ventral rami will give off

A

dorsal scap, phrenic nerve and long thoracic nerve

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90
Q

ventral rami of the brachial plexus forming the trunks will emerge between

A

anterior and medial scalene
interscalene triangle

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91
Q

dorsal scapular nerve will emerge from

A

middle scalene muscle

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92
Q

subclavian artery will emerge from

A

interscalene triangle

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93
Q

vagus nerve can be seen superiorly passing around the

A

right subclavian artery

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94
Q

subclavian artery branches

A

vertebral artery
internal thoracic artery
thyrocervical trunk (3 branches)
costocervical trunk
dorsal scapular artery- lateral to anterior scalene (interdigitate with brachial plexus)

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95
Q

branches of thyrocervical trunk

A

transverse cervical artery, suprascapular artery, inferior thyroid artery

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96
Q

branches of the external carotid

A

superior thyroid artery
occipital artery
lingual
facial
posterior auricular
maxillary
superficial temporal

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97
Q

hypoglossal nerve hangs out and loops around

A

occipital artery

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98
Q

what vessel lies superficial to the SCM

A

external jugular vein

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99
Q

the external jugular vein is formed by the

A

retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein

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100
Q

pathway of the internal jugular vein

A

originates from the sigmoid dural sinus and travels in the carotid sheath (with internal carotid artery) behind the SCM

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101
Q

the SCM is sandwhiched by which vessels

A

deep by the internal jugular vein and the external jugular vein superficially

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102
Q

retromandibular vein formed from

A

maxillary and superficial temporal vein

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103
Q

brachiocephalic vein is formed by

A

subclavian vein and internal jugular vein

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104
Q

which gland creates saliva

A

parotid gland

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105
Q

the duct of the _____________ runs behind the tongue

A

submandibular gland

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106
Q

what exits skull from the stylomastoid foramen

A

the motor branch of the facial nerve

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107
Q

temporalis insertion

A

coronoid process of the mandible

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108
Q

which process of the mandible forms the temporomandibular joint

A

the condylar process of the mandible

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109
Q

anterior fibers of the temporalis function

A

pull mandible straight up (chew)

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110
Q

posterior fibers of the temporalis function

A

retract the mandible and pull it (also chew)

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111
Q

buccinator is pierced by the

A

parotid gland

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112
Q

what does the lingual nerve carry

A

the chorda tympani of CNVII

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113
Q

branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

A

buccal n
lingual n with chorda tympani
inferior alveolar n
auriculotemporal n
deep temporal nerve

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114
Q

what two nerves come between the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles

A

the lingual nerve medially and inferior alveolar n more laterally

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115
Q

what is special about the superior belly of the lateral pterygoid

A

inserts into the articular disc of the TMJ and pulls disc anteriorly during opening

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116
Q

inferior belly of the lateral pterygoid inserts into

A

neck of mandible

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117
Q

nerve to mylohyoid is a branch of the

A

inferior alveolar nerve

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118
Q

what nerve enters mandibular foramen

A

inferior alveolar nerve

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119
Q

what nerve travels with the superior temporal a/v

A

the auriculotemporal n

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120
Q

innervation of mandibular division of CNV

A

mastication, mylohyoid, anterior digastric, tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini, and sensory to lower face

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121
Q

how do we find the auriculotemporal nerve

A

wraps around middle meningeal artery branch of maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa

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122
Q

Branches of the maxillary artery

A

inferior alveolar artery with the nerve
middle meningeal artery
deep temporal a (inside the temporalis mm)

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123
Q

what is just deep to middle meningeal artery

A

chorda tympani

124
Q

the joint capsule of the TMJ is thickened _____

A

laterally

125
Q

extrinsic ligaments of the TMJ

A

stylomandibular ligament
sphenomandibular ligament

126
Q

sphenomandibular ligament fxn

A

prevent inferior dislocation

127
Q

the articular disc of the TMJ separates what

A

the superior and inferior synovial compartments

128
Q

function of the bilaminar zone of the articular disc

A

superior band: elastic
inferior band: taut and strong and helps with rebound of the mandible by tethering the disc

129
Q

inferior synovial compartment function

A

rotational movements that start

130
Q

superior synovial compartment function

A

translation of the mandible

131
Q

what is between the bilaminar zone of the disc

A

retromandibular fat pad that contains blood and nerve supply

132
Q

what band prevents dislocation of the TMJ

A

anterior band of the disc

133
Q

where can pain radiate from the diaphragm

A

to the shoulder region (area supplied by C3,4,5 dermatomes) or area of inferior intercostal nerves

134
Q

quadratus lumborum origin

A

medial half of inferior border of 12th rib and tips of lumbar transverse processes

135
Q

quadratus lumborum insertion

A

iliolumbar ligament and internal lip of the iliac crest

136
Q

Innervation of QL

A

anterior branches of T12 and L1-L4 nerves

137
Q

Action of the QL

A

unilateral flexion, bilateral extension and fixes the 12th rib during inspiration

138
Q

external oblique innervation

A

thoracoabdominal and subcostal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T12 spinal nerves

139
Q

external oblique origin

A

external surfaces of 5th-12th ribs

140
Q

external oblique insertion

A

linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crest

141
Q

external oblique action

A

flex and rotate the trunk contralaterally

142
Q

internal oblique origin

A

thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3s of iliac crest, connective tissue deep to inguinal ligament (conjoint tendon)

143
Q

internal oblique insertion

A

inferior borders of 10th-12th ribs, linea alba, pubis via the conjoint tendon

144
Q

internal oblique action

A

flex and rotate the trunk ipsilaterally

145
Q

transversus abdominis origin

A

internal surfaces of 7th-12th costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, connective tissue deep to inguinal ligament

146
Q

transversus abdominis insertion

A

linea alba with aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest and pubis via the conjoint tendon

147
Q

transversus abdominus and internal oblique innervation

A

T7-T11 anterior rami, subcostal and first lumbar nerves

148
Q

transversus abdominus action

A

support pelvic and abdominal viscera (compression), trunk stability

149
Q

rectus abdominus origin

A

pubic symphysis and pubic crest

150
Q

rectus abdominus insertion

A

xiphoid process and 5th-7th costal cartilages

151
Q

rectus abdominus innervation

A

t7-T12 anterior rami

152
Q

rectus abdominus action

A

flexes trunk/lumbar vertebrae, compress abdominal viscera, stabilize and control the tilt of the pelvis (antilordosis/posterior pelvic tilt)

153
Q

after the arcuate line what is in the anterior layer of the rectus sheath

A

external abdominal oblique aponeurosis, anterior and posterior layer of the internal oblique aponeurosis, transversus abdominis aponeurosis

154
Q

after the arcuate line what posterior to the rectus abdominus?

A

transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum

155
Q

before the arcuate line what is in the anterior layer of the rectus sheath

A

external abdominal oblique aponeurosis, anterior layer of internal oblique aponeurosis

156
Q

before the arcuate line what is in the posterior layer of the rectus sheath

A

posterior layer of internal oblique aponeurosis, transversus abdominus aponeurosis, transversalis fascia

157
Q

contents of the carotid sheath

A

common and internal carotid arteries
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve
deep cervical lymph nodes
carotid sinus nerve
sympathetic nerve fibers

158
Q

in the lateral cervical region the floor is the vertebral fascia that overlays what four muscles?

A

splenius capitis, levator scapulae, middle scalene and posterior scalene

159
Q

spinal accessory nerve lies ____ to the SCM

A

deep

160
Q

Platysma origin

A

inferior border of mandible, skin and subcutaneous tissues of lower face

161
Q

Platysma insertion

A

fascia covering superior parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles

162
Q

Platysma action

A

draws corners of mouth inferiorly and widens it as in expressions of sadness and fright; draws skin of neck superiorly when teeth are clenched (tension)

163
Q

SCM origin

A

lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line

164
Q

SCM insertion of sternal head and clavicular head

A

anterior surface of manubrium of sternum
superior surface of medial third of clavicle

165
Q

SCM action

A

Unilateral side flexion with contralateral rotation
bilateral extension at atlanto-occipital joints, brings chin to join manubrium
extend superior vertebrae with flexion of the inferior vertebrae

166
Q

phrenic nerve is mostly supplied by ____ with contributions from ____

A

C4, C3 and C5

167
Q

greater occipital nerve is from

A

C2

168
Q

lesser occipital nerve is from

A

C2-C3

169
Q

transverse cervical nerve is from

A

C2-C3

170
Q

supraclavicular nerve is from

A

C3-C4

171
Q

floor of the anterior neck triangle

A

pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland

172
Q

what are the suprahyoid muscles

A

mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric muscles

173
Q

what are the infrahyoid muscles

A

sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid

174
Q

nerve to mylohyoid innervates what muscles

A

mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric

175
Q

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) innervates what muscles

A

hyoglossus m and the tongue

176
Q

filum terminale internum is an extension of the ___

A

pia mater

177
Q

filum terminale externum is an extension of the _____

A

dura

178
Q

where does the vertebral artery travel through

A

transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae

179
Q

where does the vertebral artery enter the brain case?

A

the foramen magnum

180
Q

external part of the intervertebral disc is the

A

annulus fibrosis

181
Q

intervertebral disc internal part

A

nucleus pulposus

182
Q

ligamentum flavum has high __________ content

A

elastic fiber

183
Q

ligamentum flavum connects adjacent

A

vertebral laminae

184
Q

what is the extension of the PLL through the foramen magnnum

A

tectorial membrane

185
Q

function of the cruciate ligament

A

hold the dens within C1

186
Q

the lateral atlantoaxial joint consists of what

A

the inferior articular facet of C1 and the superior articular facet of C2

187
Q

the median atlantoaxial joint consists of what

A

the dens of C2 articulating with the facet for the dens

188
Q

what separates the innermost intercostals and the internal intercostal muscles

A

the intercostal nerve, posterior intercostal artery and vein

189
Q

what muscle/aponeurosis creates the inguinal canal

A

the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis

190
Q

external intercostal origin

A
191
Q

what makes up the deep inguinal ring

A

the transversalis fascia s

192
Q

where does the deep inguinal ring lie

A

superior to the middle of the inguinal ligament and just lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

193
Q

pedicle attaches to what two structures

A

the vertebral body and the vertebral arch

194
Q

what forms the vertebral arch

A

pedicles and lamina

195
Q

on which vertebra are the transverse processes small or absent

A

C7

196
Q

instead of vertebral body and spinous processes what does C1 have

A

anterior and posterior arches with coinciding tubercles

197
Q

where are the ucinate processes located in the cervical spine

A

anterior, on the lateral surfaces of the vertebral body

198
Q

in the lumbar spine where do you find the mamillary processes

A

on the posterior surface of the superior articular process

199
Q

alar ligament attachments

A

side of the dens to the lateral margins of the foramen magnum

200
Q

transverse bands of the cruciate ligament attachements

A

attaches to the tubercles on the lateral masses of C1

201
Q

inferior longitudinal band of the cruciate attachments

A

transverse band to the body of C2

202
Q

superior longitudinal band of the cruciate attachments

A

transverse band to the occipital bone

203
Q

tectorial membrane attachments

A

across the median atlanto-axial joint through the foramen magnum. to the central floor of the cranial cavity. Runs form the body of C2 to the internal surface of the occipital bone

204
Q

nuchal ligament function

A

substitutes for bone in providing muscular attachments since spinous processes of C3-C5 are so short. (trap and splenius capitis), allows more flexibility in the cervical spine

205
Q

lumbosacral enlargement is from

A

L1-L3

206
Q

cervical enlargement ranges from

A

C4-T1

207
Q

splenius capitus/ cervicis origin

A

nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T6

208
Q

Splenius capitus insertion

A

fibers run superolaterally to the mastoid process of the temporal bone and lateral third of the superior nuchal line

209
Q

splenius cervicis insertion

A

tubercles of TPs of C1-C3 or C4

210
Q

Splenius capitis and cervicis innervation

A

posterior rami of the spinal nerves

211
Q

splenius capitis and cervicis action

A

alone: laterally flex neck and rotate ipsilaterally
together: extend head and neck

212
Q

the spinalis and longissimus muscles are similar in that

A

they attach thoracis, cervicis and capitis with no lumborum

213
Q

iliocostalis cervicis insertion

A

transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

214
Q

erector spinae origin

A

broad tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of the sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar SPs, supraspinous ligament

215
Q

rotatores origin

A

TPs of the vertebra, best developed in thoracic region

216
Q

rotatores insertion

A

junction of the lamina and TPs or SPs of vertebra immediatley (brevis) or two degments (longus) superior to vertebra of origin

217
Q

rotatores action

A

proprioception, stabilize verebra, assist with local extension and rotatory movements

218
Q

multifidus origin

A

arises from post. sacrum, PSIS, aponeurosis of erector spinae, sacro-iliac ligamanets, mamillary processes in lumbar spine, TPs of thoracic and articular processes of C4-C7

219
Q

multifidus insertion

A

thickest in the lumbar region, fibers pass obliquely superomedially to entire length of the SPs of vertebra located2-4 segments superiorly

220
Q

levatores costarum innervation

A

posterior rami of C8-T11 spinal nerves

221
Q

cervical muscles for flexion

A

longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior, anterior fibers of SCM, suprahyoid and infrahyoid mm

222
Q

cervical muscles for extension

A

rectus capitis posterior major and minor
obliquus capitis superior
splenius capitis
longissimus capitis
trap

223
Q

cervical lateral flexion mm

A

sternocleidomastiod
rectus capitis lateralis
longissimus cervicis
splenius capitis

224
Q

what can we see superficially in the side of the face before opening up the infratemporal fossa?

A

facial artery to the lips, and straight facial vein posterior to that

225
Q

where does the temporalis muscle attach

A

coronoid process of the mandible

226
Q

what veins create the retromandibular vein

A

the superficial temporal vein and the maxillary vein

227
Q

what comes out of the foramen ovale

A

lingual nerve, inferior alveolar n, buccal nerve

228
Q

buccal nerve innervation

A

sensory to the cheek and nerves

229
Q

buccinator innervation

A

facial nerve

230
Q

what muscle does the buccal nerve pass over

A

the medial pterygoid

231
Q

blood supply to the meninges

A

middle meningeal artery

232
Q

any arteries going into temporalis

A

deep temporal arteries

233
Q

structure in the deep temporal fossa

A

sphenomandibular ligament

234
Q

facial nerve may be seen piercing the ___

A

parotid gland

235
Q

what nerve innervates the pterygoid muscles

A

mandibular division of CN V

236
Q

superior strata of the TMJ assist with

A

retropulsion of the disc

237
Q

what can you find in the posterior triangle of the neck

A

supraclavicular nerves and inferior belly of the omohyoid

238
Q

submandibular triangle borders

A

anterior and posterior digastric with border of the mandible

239
Q

carotid triangle borders

A

SCM, superior belly of omohyoid and the mandible, posterior belly of digastric

240
Q

muscular triangle border

A

SCM, superior belly of omohyoid and midline (inferior to the thyroid cartilage)

241
Q

submental triangle placement

A

sits between the two anterior bellys of the digastric

242
Q

where do we find the cervical plexus

A

behind the carotid sheath, look for C5/C6 roots making the superior trunk and count up

243
Q

thyrohyoid muscle innervated by

A

C1 branch of cervical plexus
gets to it by hypoglossal nerve

244
Q

strap muscles are innervated by the

A

ansa cervicalis

245
Q

what vein is superficial to the SCM

A

external jugular vein

246
Q

if you see a loop in the neck what do you label it

A

ansa cervicalis

247
Q

what wraps around the posterior belly of the digastric

A

stylohyoid muscle

248
Q

geniohyoid is innervated by the

A

C1 ventral branch (gets there through hypoglossal nerve)

249
Q

anterior scalene origin

A

anterior tubercles of cervical TPs (C3-C6)

250
Q

anterior scalene insertion

A

1st rib

251
Q

middle scalene origin

A

posterior tubercles of TPs of cervical spine (C4-C7)

252
Q

middle scalene insertion

A

superior surface of 1st rib; posterior to groove for subclavian artery

253
Q

posterior scalene origin

A

posterior tubercles of TPs of C4-C6

254
Q

posterior scalene insertion

A

external border of 2nd rib

255
Q

anterior scalene innervation

A

spinal nerves of C4-C6

256
Q

middle scalene innervation

A

anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

257
Q

posterior scalene innervation

A

anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C7-C8

258
Q

levator scapulae origin

A

posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebra

259
Q

levator scapulae insertion

A

superior part of medial border of scapula

260
Q

origin of the anterior scalene is the same as the insertion of ______

A

longus capitis

261
Q

what travels superior to the suprascapular artery

A

transverse cervical artery and vein

262
Q

what nerve goes through middle scalene

A

dorsal scapular nerve

263
Q

just lateral to the obliquus capitis superior is the

A

occipital artery

264
Q

lateral costotransverse ligament

A

goes from the TP to the rib at the same level

265
Q

Superior costotransverse ligament

A

goes from the TP to the rib above

266
Q

what is the border for direct and indirect inguinal hernias

A

inferior epigastric artery/vein

267
Q

medial to the inferior epigastric hernia=

A

direct, right through conjoint tendon

268
Q

lateral to the inferior epigastric hernia=

A

indirect/congenital hernia, long way all the way through the inguinal canal and testes

269
Q

where do hernias typically happen in women

A

femoral, through the femoral canal

270
Q

what lies right behind the inguinal ligament and anchors it to the pubis?

A

lacunar ligament

271
Q

lumbar arteries come off of the _____ _____

A

posterior aorta

272
Q

attachments of quadratus lumborum

A

superior iliac crest and 12th rib

273
Q

genitofemoral nerve innervates

A

scrotum and abdominal wall

274
Q

ALL path

A

base of skull to base of sacrum anteriorly

275
Q

the deep inguinal ring pierces what structure

A

the transversalis fascia

276
Q

what covers the spermatic cord as a roof

A

the transversus abdominis

277
Q

what is the last of the thoracic ventral rami

A

subcostal nerve

278
Q

what nerve passes through the psoas major

A

genitofemoral nerve

279
Q

where can you find the radiate sternocostal ligament

A

attaches to the membrana sterni and the adjacent sternocostal joint

280
Q

what are the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus

A

greater occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular nerves

281
Q

from what does the internal jugular vein originate

A

sigmoid dural sinus

282
Q

motor branch of the facial nerve exits where

A

stylomastoid foramen

283
Q

where does the inferior belly of the lateral pterygoid insert

A

belly inserts into the neck of mandible

284
Q

extrinsic ligaments of the TMJ

A

stylomandibular ligament
sphenomandibular ligament

285
Q

the joint capsule of the TMJ is thickened

A

laterally, forms the lateral ligament

286
Q

upper cervical spine: Rot/SB occur in the ____ direction

A

opposite

287
Q

lower cervical spine: Rot/SB occur in the ____ direction

A

same

288
Q

facet joints in the cervical spine are angled at ___

A

45 degrees

289
Q

lower cervical spine forward bending arthrokinematics at facet joints

A

anterior/cephalic roll/glide

290
Q

lower cervical spine backward bending arthrokinematics at facet joints

A

posterior/caudal roll/glide

291
Q

lower cervical spine lateral flexion arthrokinematics at facet joints at contralateral side

A

anterior/cephalic roll/glide

292
Q

lower cervical spine lateral flexion arthrokinematics at facet joints at ipsilateral side

A

caudal and posterior roll/glide

293
Q

lower cervical spine rotation arthrokinematics at facet joints at ipsilateral side

A

posterior and caudal roll/glide

294
Q

lower cervical spine rotation arthrokinematics at facet joints at contralateral side

A

anterior/cephalic roll/glide

295
Q

the vertebral body lower cervical spine arthokinematics during LF

A

tilt to the concave side

296
Q

what do the uncovertebral joints do during rotation and side bending

A

lateral translation: to the concave side

297
Q

during nodding C1 on C2 (lateral atlantooccipital joint) is ___ on ____

A

concave on convex

298
Q

if a patient has a positive alar test what do you do

A

send them to the ER

299
Q

mm for elevation of the mandible

A

temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid

300
Q

mm for depression of the mandible

A

lateral pterygoid, suprahyoid and infrahyoids

301
Q

protrusion mm of the mandible

A

lateral pterygoid, masseter and medial pterygoid

302
Q

retrusion mm of the mandible

A

temporalis and masseter

303
Q

muscles for lateral movements (grinding)

A

temporalis ipsilateral and contralateral pterygoids, masseter

304
Q

function of the sphenomandibular ligament

A

limit distension of the mandible in an inferior direction

305
Q

function of the stylomandibular ligament

A

limit excessive protrusion of the mandible

306
Q
A

Anatomy II (2 decks)

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