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Anatomy II > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

origin and insertion of trapezius

A

O: medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, C7-T12 spinous processes via nuchal ligament in cervical region
I: spine of scapula, acromion and lateral third of clavicle

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2
Q

Action of the trapezius

A

elevate, retract and superiorly rotate scapula, neck extension slightly

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3
Q

blood supply of trap

A

transverse cervical artery

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4
Q

innervation of trapezius

A

spinal accessory nerve

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5
Q

Latissimus Dorsi: origin and insertion

A

O: T7-L5 spinous processes thru thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and lower ribs
I: floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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6
Q

Latissimus Dorsi action

A

extend, adduct and medially rotate humerus

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7
Q

innervation of Latissimus Dorsi

A

thoracodorsal nerver

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8
Q

blood supply of latissimus dorsi

A

thoracodorsal artery

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9
Q

Rhomboid Major: O and I

A

O: T2-T5 spinous processes
I: medial border of the scap

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10
Q

Rhomboid major and minor blood supply

A

dorsal scapular artery

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11
Q

Rhomboid major and minor action

A

elevate, retract and inferiorly rotate the scapula

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12
Q

Rhomboid major and minor innervation

A

dorsal scapular nerve

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13
Q

what muscles are supplied by the recurrent branch of the median nerve

A

abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, and opponens pollicis

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14
Q

what muscles are supplied by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve

A

adductor pollicis, abductor digit minimi, opponens digiti minimi, lumbricals 3 and 4, PADS and DABS

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15
Q

lumbricals 1 and 2 are supplied by which nerve

A

median nerve

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16
Q

lumbricals 3 and 4 are supplied by which nerve

A

deep branch of ulnar nerve

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17
Q

which arteries primarily make up the superficial palmar arch

A

ulnar artery and superficial palmar branch of the radial artery

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18
Q

what two structures run underneath the palmaris brevis

A

ulnar n and a

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19
Q

innervation of pectoralis major

A

lateral pectoral nerve and medial pectoral nerve

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20
Q

innervation of pectoralis minor

A

medial pectoral nerve

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21
Q

innervation of subscapularis (upper)

A

upper subscapular nerve

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22
Q

what muscles are innervated by the axillary nerve

A

deltoid and teres minor

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23
Q

all the muscles innervated by the radial nerve

A

triceps brachii, acones, brachioradialis, extensor mm of forearm, skin of posterior arm forearm

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24
Q

anterior forearm cutaneous nerves

A

medial cutaneous and medial antebrachial cutaneous nerves

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25
Q

where does the lateral cutaneous nerve branch from

A

median nerve

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26
Q

what veins join together to form subclavian vein

A

cephalic and axillary vein

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27
Q

what veins join together to form axillary vein

A

the basilic vein and brachial vein

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28
Q

what lies in the quadrangular space

A

axillary n and posterior circumflex humeral aa

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29
Q

what makes up the triangular interval

A

teres major
long head of triceps
shaft lateral head of triceps/humerus

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30
Q

action of the subclavius muscle

A

depress and pull the clavicle medially

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31
Q

which pollicis muscle is innervated by the deep ulnar n

A

adductor pollicis

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32
Q

where does the biceps tendon originate

A

glenohumeral labrum

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33
Q

function of the aconeus

A

pull on the joint capsule as joint extends, slight assistance with elbow extension

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34
Q

where does the Radial collateral ligament insert

A

the annular ligament (continuous with)

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35
Q

what two tendons make up the extensor hood

A

the dab interossei tendons and the extensor digitorum tendons

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36
Q

from what artery do the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries arise

A

the ulnar aa

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37
Q

Insertion of the flexor carpi ulnaris

A

pisiform

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38
Q

where does subscapularis insert

A

the lesser tubercle of the humerus

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39
Q

what makes up the triangle of auscultation

A

trapezius, medial border of scap and latissimus dorsi

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40
Q

what structures create the triangular space?

A

teres minor, teres major and the long head of the triceps

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41
Q

what structures create the triangular interval?

A

long head and lateral head of triceps and teres major

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42
Q

what structures create the quadrangular space?

A

surgical neck of humerus (roof) and joint capsule
teres minor, teres major, long head of the triceps and

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43
Q

what comes out of the triangular space?

A

circumflex scapular a

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44
Q

what comes out of the quadrangular space?

A

axillary n and posterior circumflex humeral a

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45
Q

what comes out of the triangular interval?

A

radial nerve and profunda brachii artery

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46
Q

what muscles are supplied by posterior circumflex humeral artery?

A

rotator cuff mm

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47
Q

the biceps short head originates where?

A

corocoid process

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48
Q

which part of the clavicle is most commonly fractured?

A

mid clavicle

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49
Q

in a mid clavicular break what pulls the mid clavicul cephalically?

A

the SCM

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50
Q

in a mid clavicular break what pulls the lateral clavicle inferiorly?

A

the trapezius

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51
Q

what ligament is at risk for injury with lateral clavicular fracture?

A

coracoclavicular ligament

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52
Q

what is the twisty ligament?

A

medial conoid portion of coracoclavicular ligament: posteriorly rotates clavicle to help with upper limb elevation

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53
Q

why do most humeral fractures happen and where

A

surgical neck of humerus due to osteoporosis in older adults

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54
Q

what structure can be affected by a mid humeral shaft fracture

A

radial nerve and profunda brachii, surgical edema can effect this also

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55
Q

complications of supracondylar fracture

A

median nerve and brachial artery

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56
Q

where does lateral thoracic artery travel

A

with long thoracic nerve

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57
Q

what artery supplied 1st 2 intercostal spaces

A

superior thoracic artery

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58
Q

common medical condition of axillary artery

A

thoracic outlet syndrome, clavicle and first rib are inflamed or not aligned correctly

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59
Q

biceps tendon rupture: who is more at risk and what muscle/tendon is more common

A

proximal long head tendon of biceps brachii, heard pop or snap when OLDER MEN are lifting something heavy

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60
Q

where does short head of biceps brachii insert

A

distal to radial head

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61
Q

which carpal bone can be fractured and become necrotic

A

scaphoid

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62
Q

where can you find the suprascapular notch

A

b/w coracoid process and the superior border

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63
Q

is the dorsal radial tubercle proximal or distal

A

distal

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64
Q

is the ulnar notch of the radius distal or proximal

A

distal

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65
Q

is the radial notch of the ulna distal or proximal

A

proximal

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66
Q

Deltoid O and I

A

O: lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, acromion process and lateral spine of the scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity of the poximal/mid humerus

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67
Q

median nerve injury at pronator teres results in

A

weak wrist flexion, hand deviated to ulnar side during wrist flexion, loss of DIP, PIP and MCP joints of middle and index finger and no opposition with flexion /abduction of the thumb weak, sensory loss of palmar/dorsal aspects of middle index and lateral 4th digit

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68
Q

median nerve injury in the carpal tunnel results in..

A

no opposition with flexion /abduction of the thumb weak, sensory loss of palmar/dorsal aspects of middle index and lateral 4th digit

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69
Q

radial nerve injury normally occurs from

A

incorrect fitting crutches or midshaft fracture of the humerus

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70
Q

radial nerve injury results in …

A

wrist drop:
supination is weak, extension of MCP joints are lost and sensory to posterior aspect of distal arm, forearm and lateral dorsum of hand are lost

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71
Q

ulnar nerve injury at the elbow results in

A

radial deviation during wrist flexion ring and little finger flexion is lost
+ MCP flexion, PIP /DIP extension of ring and little finger are lost, adduction of the thumb is lost, sensory loss of ulnar path of hand

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72
Q

ulnar nerve injury at guyans canal results in

A

MCP flexion, PIP /DIP extension of ring and little finger are lost, adduction of the thumb is lost, sensory loss of ulnar path of hand

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73
Q

Anterior deltoid mm action:

A

flex and medially rotate the shoulder

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74
Q

Middle deltoid mm action:

A

shoulder abduction

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75
Q

Posterior deltoid mm action:

A

Extension and lateral rotation of the shoulder

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76
Q

Supraspinatus O and I:

A

O: supraspinous fossa of the scapula
I: superior facet on greater tubercle of humerus

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77
Q

supraspinatus action

A

initiates abduction of the shoulder, gives shoulder joint stability by reinforcing the joint capsule

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78
Q

supraspinatus innervation

A

suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)

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79
Q

Infraspinatus O and I:

A

O: infraspinous fossa of the scapula
I: middle facet of the greater tubercle of humerus

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80
Q

Infraspinatus Action

A

lateral rotation of the shoulder, holds humeral head in the glenoid cavity of the scapula

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81
Q

infraspinatus innervation

A

suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)

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82
Q

Teres minor O and I

A

O: middle part of the lateral scapular border
I: inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

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83
Q

Teres minor A:

A

lateral rotation of the shoulder, holds humeral head in the glenoid cavity of the scapula

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84
Q

Teres minor innervation

A

axillary nerve (C5 and C6)

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85
Q

Subscapularis O and I:

A

O: subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle of the humerus

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86
Q

subscapularis A:

A

Internal/medial rotation of the shoulder and shoulder adduction, helps hold humeral head in place

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87
Q

subscapularis innervation

A

upper and lower subscapular nerve

88
Q

Teres major O and I:

A

O: Posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula
I: crest of the lesser tubercle (medial lip of bicipital groove)

89
Q

Teres major A:

A

adduct and medially rotate shoulder joint, tries to be like the lat dorsi

90
Q

Teres major innervation **

A

lower subscapular nerve (C6 and C7)

91
Q

most common rotator cuff injury

A

rupture of the supraspinatus tendon

92
Q

Levator Scapulae O and I:

A

O: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4
I: superior part of medial border of scapula

93
Q

Levator Scapulae Innervation

A

dorsal scapular nerve and C3-C4 spinal nerves

94
Q

Levator scapulae action

A

elevate scapula and tilt its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating the scap

95
Q

Rhomboid minor O and I:

A

O: inferior part of nuchal ligemant and spinous processes of C7 and T1
I: medial border of the scapula from level of spine to inferior angle

96
Q

scapular elevation muscles

A

rhomboids, levator scap and upper trap

97
Q

scapular depression muscles

A

lower trap and pectoralis minor, inferior part of SA

98
Q

scapular retraction muscles

A

Latissimus dorsi, rhomboids and middle trap

99
Q

scapular protraction muscles

A

SA and pectoralis minor

100
Q

muscles producing scapular upward rotation

A

lower trap, upper trap and SA

101
Q

muscles producing scapular downward rotation

A

latissimus dorsi, rhomboids, levator scap

102
Q

Triceps Long head O and I:

A

O: infraglenoid tubercle
I: proximal end of olecranon of ulnar and fascia of forearm

103
Q

Triceps lateral head O and I:

A

O: posterior surface of humerus , superior to radial groove
I: proximal end of olecranon of ulnar and fascia of forearm

104
Q

Triceps Medial Head O and I:

A

O: posterior humerus, inferior to radial groove
I: proximal end of olecranon of ulnar and fascia of forearm

105
Q

Triceps Action

A

elbow extension, assist with shoulder extension , long head steadies head of humerus with shoulder joint is abducted

106
Q

triceps innervation

A

radial nerve (C6-C8)

107
Q

Biceps short head O and I:

A

O: tip of coracoid process of the scapula
I: tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm though bicipital aponeurosis

108
Q

Biceps Long head O and I:

A

O: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula and the glenoid labrum
I: tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm though bicipital aponeurosis

109
Q

Biceps innervation

A

muscular branches of the musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)

110
Q

Biceps action

A

elbow flexion, supinates forearm, short head flexes shoulder, long head (with long head of triceps) stabilizes shoulder during abduction

111
Q

Brachialis O and I:

A

O: distal half of anterior surface of the humerus
I: coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna

112
Q

Brachiais innervation

A

muscular branches of musculocutaneous nerve and radial ne4rve

113
Q

Brachialis action

A

flex elbow in all positions

114
Q

Coracobrachialis O and I:

A

O: tip of coracoid process of the scapula
I: proximal/medial humerus underneath long head

115
Q

Coracobrachialis A:

A

assist with shoulder flexion and adduction

116
Q

Coracobrachialis Innervation

A

musculocutaneous n

117
Q

Anconeus muscle O and I:

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of the ulna

118
Q

Anconeus Action

A

assist with elbow extension, pull joint capsule and abducts ulna during pronation `

119
Q

Anconeus innervation

A

radial nerve (C7-T1)

120
Q

Axillary nerve injury is common with ___

A

inferior dislocation of humeral head as head approaches quadrangular space

121
Q

pectoralis major calvicular head O and I:

A

O: anterior medial surface of clavicle
I: crest of greater tubercle of intertubercular sulcus (lateral lip of bicipital groove

122
Q

pectoralis major sternal head O and I:

A

O: anterior surface of the sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages

123
Q

third origin of the pectoralis major=

A

aponeurosis of the external oblique muscles

124
Q

Pectoralis major action:

A

adduct and medially rotate humerus, draw scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
clavicular head flexes shoulder joint and sternal head will extend shoulder when it is already flexed

125
Q

pectoralis minor O and I

A

O: 3rd to 5th ribs near the cartilage
I: medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scap

126
Q

pectoralis minor A:

A

stabilize scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall

127
Q

subclavius O and I:

A

O: junction of the 1st rib and its costal cartilage
I: inferior surface of the middle third of clavicle

128
Q

subclavius A:

A

anchors and depresses clavicle at SC joint

129
Q

subclavius innervation

A

nerve to subclavius (C5 and C6)

130
Q

what separates the suprascapular nerve and artery

A

superior transverse scapular ligament

131
Q

Anterior forearm 1st layer

A

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

132
Q

anterior forearm 2nd layer

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

133
Q

anterior forearm 3rd layer

A

flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus

134
Q

anterior forearm 4th later

A

pronator quadratus

135
Q

anterior forearm muscles supplied by median nerve

A

pronator teres ,flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, lateral part of flexor digitorum profundus

136
Q

anterior forearm muscles innervated by anterior interosseous

A

flexor pollicis longus and pronator quadratus

137
Q

anterior forearm muscles supplied by ulnar nerve

A

flexor carpi ulnaris and medial part of flexor digitorum profundus

138
Q

muscles that originate at common flexor origin (medial epicondyle of humerus)

A

one head of the pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus, one head of flexor carpi ulnaris

139
Q

brachioradialis O and I:

A

O: lateral supracondylar ridge
I: basically the styloid process of the radius

140
Q

brachioradialis A:

A

elbow flexion and forearm pronation

141
Q

brachioradialis innervation

A

radial nerve from posterior cord

142
Q

which MCs does the flexor carpi radialis insert on

A

base of 2nd and 3rd

143
Q

what is the L muscle in the forearm/hand and where does it insert?

A

flexor pollicis longus, inserts on DIP of thumb

144
Q

Pronator Teres Action:

A

pronation of forearm with elbow flexion

145
Q

pronator teres action

A

wrist pronation

146
Q

flexor carpi radialis action

A

abduction/flexion of wrist

147
Q

flexor carpi ulnar action

A

adduction/flexion of the wrist

148
Q

palmaris longus action

A

flex wrist and tighten the palmaris aponeurosis

149
Q

which muscle attaches to the pisiform

A

flexor carpi ulnaris tendon

150
Q

which tendon doe the lumbricals join with

A

flexor digitorum profundus

151
Q

action of the lumbricals

A

flex the MCP joints and extend IP joints

152
Q

what two tendons are covered/make up the flexor synovial tendon sheath

A

the FDS and FDP

153
Q

synovial sheaths surround the ____

A

tendon

154
Q

ulnar nerve injury will manifest as what?

A

claw hand

155
Q

superficial layer of posterior forearm mm from proximal to distal

A

extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digiti minimi

156
Q

deep layer of posterior forearm mm from proximal to distal

A

supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis, extensor pollicis brevis

157
Q

where does the cephalic vein pass proximally

A

in the deltopectoral triangle that separates the deltoid from the pectoralis major

158
Q

one artery comes off of the first branch of the axillary artery

A

supreme thoracic artery

159
Q

what arteries come off of the second branch of the axillary artery

A

Thoracoacromial artery
Lateral Thoracic Artery

160
Q

What arteries come off of the third branch of the axillary artery

A

Thoracodorsal artery and circumflex scapular artery of the subscapular artery
Anterior humeral circumflex artery and posterior humeral circumflex artery

161
Q

the subscapular artery gives off what two arteries

A

circumflex scapular artery and thoracodorsal artery

162
Q

long thoracic nerve comes from where on the brachial plexus

A

C5-C7 ventral rami

163
Q

dorsal scapular nerve comes from the ventral ramus of

A

C5

164
Q

in the brachial plexus, the cords are named after what

A

their position relative to the axillary artery

165
Q

C5 brachial plexus injury will effect which nerves and therefore which muscles

A

dorsal scap (no rhomboids and levator scap)
suprascapular nerve from C5 (weaker supraspinatus and infraspinatus)
weaker lateral pectoral innervation (pectoralis major)
weaker elbow flexors due to musculocutaneous nerve

166
Q

C6 brachial plexus injury will effect which nerves and therefore which muscles

A

same as C5 with no involvement of rhomboids and levator scap so
suprascapular nerve from C5 (weaker supraspinatus and infraspinatus)
weaker lateral pectoral innervation (pectoralis major)
weaker elbow flexors due to musculocutaneous nerve

167
Q

C7 brachial plexus injury will effect which nerves and therefore which muscles

A

weaker lateral pectoral nerve (pectoralis major)
weaker musculocutaneous nerve (Biceps, coracobrachialis and brachialis), weaker radial and axillary n) weaker USS, TD and LSS

168
Q

C8/T1 brachial plexus injury will effect which nerves and therefore which muscles

A

medial pectoral nerve (pectoralis minor and major)
medial brachial cutaneous and medial antebrachial cutaneous, ulnar nerve (results in claw hand) and some involvement with thoracodorsal so weak latissimus dorsi

169
Q

in regard to the bicipital aponeurosis what goes underneath

A

the median nerve

170
Q

where does radial nerve emerge in the forearm

A

between brachialis and brachioradialis, continues as the superficial radial nerve in the forearm just deep to the brachioradialis mm

171
Q

anterior wall of the axillary region

A

pectoralis major and minor

172
Q

medial wall of the axilla

A

SA

173
Q

lateral wall of the axilla

A

intertrubecular groove of the humerus

174
Q

superior wall of the axilla

A

clavicle, scapula and first rib

175
Q

posterior wall of the axilla

A

subscapularis, latissimus dorsi and teres major

176
Q

brachial artery splits into

A

ulnar artery and radial ulnar in the forearm

177
Q

the ulnar artery has proximal branches, what are they

A

common interosseous, anterior interosseous and posterior interosseous arteries

178
Q

anterior interossesous nerve innervates

A

flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus and lateral 2 slips of the flexor digitorum profundus

179
Q

what is the 1 and 1/2 exception of the forearm musculature

A

flexor carpi ulnaris and medial 2 slips of the FDP are innervated by the ulnar nerve

180
Q

where does extensor carpi radialis brevis attach

A

3rd MCP

181
Q

where does extensor carpi radialis longus attach

A

2nd MCP

182
Q

radial nerve innervation in the forearm

A

brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus

183
Q

deep radial nerve innervation of the forearm

A

extensor carpi radialis brevis and supinator

184
Q

Posterior interosseous innervation in the forearm

A

deeper musculature other than the extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus and extensor indicis

185
Q

median nerve innervation to the hand

A

lumbricals 1 and 2, AFO of thenar eminence through recurrent median nerve

186
Q

deep ulnar nerve innervation in the hand

A

adductor pollicis, lumbricals 3 and 4, PADS and DABS, abductor DM, flexor DM and opponens DM

187
Q

ulnar nerve innervation in the hand

A

abductor DM, flexor DM, opponens DM

188
Q

which ligament of the UE anchors the clavicle to the scapula

A

coracoclavicular ligament

189
Q

role of the coracoacromial ligament

A

acts as the superior support for the GH joint and preventing superior dislocations

190
Q

what joint becomes taut when the GH joint is pulled inferiorly

A

coracohumeral ligament

191
Q

how is the glenohumeral joint reinforced anteriorly

A

GH ligaments and the transverse humeral ligament alongside the long head of the biceps brachii as the tendon passes from the supraglenoid tubercle to the intertubercular groove

192
Q

what supports the MP and IP joints medially and laterally

A

collateral ligaments (Metacrpophalengeal joint collateral ligament of proximal interphalangeal joint collateral ligament)

193
Q

what ligament holds the metacarpophalangeal heads together

A

transverse metacarpal ligaments

194
Q

what is the role of the palmar plates

A

deepen the MP and IP joints anteriorly and allow for tendons to run through

195
Q

what attaches to the palmar plate

A

extensor hood

196
Q

what lies in the 1st compartment of the extensor retinaculum

A

extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus

197
Q

what are the contents of the carpal tunnel

A

flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis tendon, portion of the median nerve

198
Q

radial nerve innervation

A

brachioradialis, triceps brachi, extensor carpi radialis longus

199
Q

Deep radial nerve innervation

A

supinator, extensor carpi radialis brevis

200
Q

posterior interosseous innervation

A

abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, extensor digit minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor indicis

201
Q

what is used to test the integrity of the musculocutaneous nerve (and spinal segments C5. C6)

A

biceps tendon relfec

202
Q

musculocutaneous injury would result in

A

absent biceps reflex or decreased, loss of sensation along lateral forearm, weak arm flexion and supination, severe weakness in elbow flexion (would only have brachioradialis to assist which is innervated by radial nerve)

203
Q

surgical neck fracture of the humerus can result in what

A

injury to axillary nerve or posterior circumflex humeral artery

204
Q

midshaft humeral fracture can cause damage to the

A

radial n and profunda brachii artery

205
Q

fracture of the medial epicondyle can cause damage to the

A

ulnar nerve

206
Q

where does the stratum corneum lie

A

epidermis

207
Q

the epidermis regenerates every __ to ___ days

A

14 to 21 days

208
Q

what are the layers of the epidermis

A

stratum basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum and corneum

209
Q

what attaches the stratum basale to the dermis

A

the basement membrane

210
Q

what does the stratum basale contain

A

single row of keratinocytes

211
Q

cutaneous branches of the radial nerve

A

inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm and posterior cutaneous of the forearm
they are sometimes branches of the same

212
Q

superior border of the cubital fossa

A

imaginary line connecting the medial and lateral epicondyles

213
Q

medial border of the cubital fossa

A

pronator teres

214
Q

lateral border of the cubital fossa

A

the brachioradialis

215
Q

contents of the cubital fossa

A

terminal part of brachial artery (radial and ulnar artery), accompanying veins of the arteries, biceps brachii tendon, median nerve and radial nerve dividing into superficial and deep branches

216
Q

Contents of the axilla

A

fat, brachial plexus, axillary artery, veins and lymphatics

217
Q

de quervain tenosynovitis

A

excessive friction of the APL and EPB tendons causing sheath fibrous thickening and stenosis of the osseofibrous tunnel
causes pain in the wrist that radiates proximally to the forearm and distally to the hand

Anatomy II (2 decks)

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