EXAM II SUMMARY

Question 1

Which toxicants are irritant to MM?

Answer 1

Herbicides
Fungicides
Toxic gases
PCP
Petroleum
Se
paraquat
H2O deprivation Na.
Smoke inhalation

Question 2

Which toxicants have GI signs as their main CS?

Answer 2

Dipyridyl herbicides (early signs)
EG (acute)
Iron (oral acute)
Inorganic arsenicals
Lead (small ans)
Zn
molybdenum
Se (acute, PO)
Petroleum
2,4-D

Question 3

Red MM

Answer 3

Ammonia, CO

Question 4

Anemia

Answer 4

Copper (chronic, except dogs), Zn, Pb, industrial petroleum

Question 5

Hyperkeratosis in bovine

Answer 5

PCP, industrial petroleum

Question 6

Specific antidote.

Answer 6

Inorganic arsenicals (dimercaprol - BAL).
H2S: Sodium nitrite IV
EG: Kacey/catachem test, fomepizole, ethanol 20%.

Question 7

Specific lesions.

Answer 7

PCP: rigor mortis.
H2O deprived Na: eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in pigs.
Organic arsenicals: PNS in swine/poultry.
Lead: cortical necrosis/poliomalacia (bovine), acid fast eosinophilic intranuclear bodies.
Selenium: Porcine focal symmetrical poliomyelomalacia (blind staggers) in subacute.

Question 8

Chelation of choice for metals/minerals.

Answer 8

Iron: Deferoxamine by continued IV/IM (not 1st choice).
Inorganic arsenical: Dimercaprol (BAL).
Lead: Ca disodium EDTA
Zinc: Ca disodium EDTA

Question 9

What decreases lead absorption?

Answer 9

Ca, Zn, protein.

Question 10

What decreases copper absorption? What increases copper absorption in young?

Answer 10

Decreased by Zn, Fe.

Increased by monensin.

Question 11

What increases molybdenum toxicity? what decreases it?

Answer 11

Copper decreases and Sulfate increases.

Question 12

What decreases Se toxicity? What increases toxicity?

Answer 12

Decreased by Protein, Cu, Sulfur, arsenics.

Increased by alkaline soil.

Question 13

What increases Zn absorption? What decreases Zn absorption?

Answer 13

EDTA, AA’s, acid increase absorption.

Ca, Cu, Fe, Fiber decrease absorption.

Question 14

What increases dipyridyl herbicide toxicity?

Answer 14

Vit. E deficiency, depletion of tissue glutathione, O2.

Question 15

What increases urea toxicosis?

Answer 15

dehydration, fasting, high fiber, rich in urease (soybean), liver disease.

Question 16

What increases ionophore toxicity? decreases ionophore toxicity?

Answer 16

Other meds (cardiac glycosides, ABX) increase toxicity.
Vit. E/Se decrease toxicity.

Question 17

What increases organic arsenical toxicity?

Answer 17

Dehydration, renal insufficiency.

Question 18

Main effects on respiratory system.

Answer 18

Dipyridyl herbicides (later signs)
Se (Acute, PO)
Toxic gases
Urea (death)

Question 19

Main effects of CV.

Answer 19

Copper (acute)

Urea (death)

Question 20

Main effects on CNS.

Answer 20

H2O deprivation Na.
EG (acute)
Inorganic arsenicals (systemic)
Organic arsenicals
Lead (large ans)
Se (Acute, parenteral; subacute)

Question 21

What increases PCV?

Answer 21

Ionophores
Urea
EG
Iron

Question 22

Anemia

Answer 22

Lead (Chronic), Zinc, Copper (chronic), industrial petroleum

Question 23

Overheating, metabolic acidosis, dehydration

Answer 23

PCP

Question 24

Formation of MetHb.

Answer 24

NO2, smoke inhalation, Chronic copper,

Question 25

Odor.

Answer 25

Selenium, H2S, Ammonia,

Question 26

Required elements.

Answer 26

Se, Molybdenum, Zinc, Iron

Question 27

Bovine most susceptible.

Answer 27

Molybdenum, inorganic arsenicals, Urea, industrial petroleum, fluoride (dairy)

Question 28

Excreted in milk in toxic levels.

Answer 28

Molybdenum, inorganic arsenicals, lead

Question 29

What increases lead toxicity? What decreases lead toxicity?

Answer 29

Decreased by calcium, zinc, protein.

Increased by acid.

Question 30

Hoof, skin affected.

Answer 30

Selenium, molybdenum, inorganic arsenicals, fluoride.

Question 31

Gluthiathione affected.

Answer 31

Selenium, inorganic arsenicals

Question 32

Reacts with SH group

Answer 32

Lead, Zinc, Trivalent (inorganic arsenicals)

Question 33

Urine antemortem.

Answer 33

Inorganic arsenicals, fluoride