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MLT 240- Special Clinical Microbiology > Exam II Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam II Study Guide Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

beneificial to both organisms

A

mutualism

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2
Q

one organism benefits while the other is unharmed

A

commensalism

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3
Q

free living and parasitic existence during its life cycle

A

facultative parasite

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4
Q

completely dependent upon their host for existence

A

obligate parasite

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5
Q

cause infections

A

endoparasites

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6
Q

cause infestation (fleas)

A

ectoparasites

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7
Q

host in which the sexual, adult, stage of the life cycle occurs

A

definitive host

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8
Q

host in which the asexual (larval) stage of the life cycle occurs

A

intermediate host

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9
Q

animals other than man which harbor human parasites

serves as a source of infection

A

reservoir host

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10
Q

source of infection (could be reservoir)
mode of transmission (vector)
presence of susceptible host (whose resistance and habits are conducive to this becoming infected)

A

Requirements for transmission of a parasitic infection

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11
Q

Functions of ectoplasm

A 
movement
ingestion
excretion
respiration
protection
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12
Q

Functions of endoplasm

A

nutrition
reproduction-mitosis
digestion

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13
Q

Sarcodina (amoeba) motility

A

pseudopods

fake feet;extension of cytoplasm

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14
Q

Mastigophora motility

A

flagella

“whip-bearing”

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15
Q

Ciliata motility

A

cilia

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16
Q

Sporozoa motility

A

non-motile in adult stage

motile in microgametes

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17
Q 
Most important parasitic amoeba
invasive-may contain ingested RBC
lives in large intestine (colon)
one nucleus with central karyosome
even-staining peripheral chromatin

cyst- up to 4 nuclei, cigar shaped chromatoidal bars

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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18
Q

Resembles E. histolytica, but no cyst stage

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

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19
Q

Lives in large intestine
one nucleus with eccentric karyosome
uneven peripheral chromatin
contains ingested bacteria

cyst- up to 8 nuclei, irregular chromatoid bars with splintered ends

A

Entamoeba coli

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20
Q

Lives in colon
irregular eccentric karyosome - “lump of coal” - in both troph and cyst

cyst - up to 4 nuclei, NO chromatoidal bars

A

Endolimax nana

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21
Q

Non-pathogen

looks exactly like entamoeba histolytica, but Smaller

A

Entamoeba hartmanii

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22
Q

most easily recognized in the cyst form by the presence of large glycogen body that stains brown with Iodine

A

Iodamoeba butchlii

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23
Q

Slight pathogen
causing mild diarrhea
ONLY amoeba with two nuclei in troph stage
No cyst stage

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

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24
Q

leyden crystals - refractile, long spicules
produced by trauma to GI tract
granules of ruptured eosinophils
indicative of the presence of intestinal parasites

A

Charcot

25
Q

Free living amoeba
can cause rapidly fatal form of meningitis
found in stagnant water(ponds)
best observed in CSF with hemacytometer

A

Naegleria fowlerii

26
Q 
Only parasitic class of Ciliata
parasite of hogs
ciliated trophozoite
funnel shaped depression
kidney bean shaped macronucleus
pear shaped micronucleus

Cyst - large but more rounded, lacks external cilia

A

Balantidium coli

27
Q 
most important parasitic flagellete
lives in duodenum
troph is bilaterally symmetrical
oval concave ventral sucking disc
two nuclei, rod-like axostyle
falling - leaf motility, flagella

cyst - up to 4 nuclei, oval

A

Giardia lamblia

monkey face, mild pathogen

28
Q

Non pathogen
commensal flagellate
troph with a distinct curve to its body
single nucleus and cytosome

cyst - lemon-shaped, single nucleus and a cytosome

A

Chilomastix mesnili

29
Q

Most common and largest species of Trichomonas
inhabits urogenital system
prominent undulating membrane
NO cyst stage
sexually transmitted, isolated from urine(female) more frequently than feces

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

30
Q

keeps organism in rigid shape, provides support

A

axostyle

31
Q

cell mouth

A

cytosome

32
Q

aids in movement, outer edge of some flagella

A

undulating membrane

33
Q

controls movement of flagella

A

blepharoplast

34
Q 
member of the class sporozoa
cocidian
lives in intestine of man and other animals
A

Isospora belli

35
Q

crithidal form

leptomonad form

A

insect for host

36
Q 
L-D form
associated with human infection
single eccentric nucleus
intracellular axosome
vertebrate host
A

leishmanial form

37
Q 
associated with human infection
long anterior flagella
central nucleus
undulating membrane
vertebrate host
A

trypansomal form

38
Q

Four morphological forms of blood flagellates

A

crithidial
leptomonad
leishmanial
trypansomal

39
Q

Which form is also known as the Donovan (L-D) body?

A

leishmanial form

40
Q

All Leishmania (as well as Trypansoma cruzi) occur in man as what intracellular inclusion in macrophages? What is their main host of invertebrate host?

A

L-D bodies

several species of sandflies (Phlebotomas)

41
Q

What two species of Trypansoma causes sleeping sickness, are transmitted by the tsetse fly and can affect the CNS in chronic form?

A

T. gambiensie

T. rhodesiense

42
Q

Is motile at only one point in its life cycle; microgametocytes(male sex cell) undergoes exflagellation, the sperm produced possess flagella for a brief period until fertilization occurs

A

Plasmodium

43
Q

Pathology and symptoms of malaria

A

severe complications due to P. falciparum are due to vascular obstructions caused by “sticky” parasites in capillary beds; this form is known as Blackwater fever due to the severe hematuria that occurs.

symptoms - cyclic chills, fever, headache, muscular ache, nausea

44
Q

What is confused with P. falciparum due to the ring forms of the trophozoite in the peripheral blood? Why is it necessary to distinguish the two?

A

Babesia microti

malarial drugs are toxic and are of no benefit in the treatment of infections caused by Babesia

45
Q

-Transmitted by contact with infected cat feces
causes asymptomatic infection in pregnant woman which can result in congenital toxoplasmosis, leading to death or retardation of fetus
-Can grow in lab, in lab mice, but is diagnosed by serolgical techniques; significant rise in titre must be demonstrated; Sabin-Feldman dye test

A

Toxoplasma gondii

46
Q

causative agent of a leading cause of death among AIDS patients; intersitial plasma cell pneumonia

likely to infect patients who are immunocompromised (Hodgkins disease, treatment of leukemia or cancer pt, pt on drug therapy or due to infection with HIV)

A

Pneumocystis carinii

47
Q

intestinal sporozoan
can cause mild GI disturbances
easily identified by performing acid fast stain on dried smears of concentrated fecal specimens; oocysts of this organism are acid fast

A

Cryptosporidium

48
Q

Espundia
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
sandfly vector

A

Leishmania braziliensis

-aka and vector matching-

49
Q

Oriental/Tropical sore
Baghdad/Dehli boil
cutaneous Leishmaniasis
sandfly vector

A

Leishmania tropica

50
Q

Chaga’s
trypanosomiasis
visceral Leishmaniasis
kissing/reduviid bug vector

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

L-D bodies in tissue;visceral organs

51
Q

West African/Gambian sleeping sickness

tsetse fly vector

A

Trypanosoma gambiense

52
Q

East African/Rhodesian sleeping sickness

tsetse fly vector

A

Trypanosoma rhodesiense

53
Q

Kala-azar

sand fly vector

A

Leishmania donovani

54
Q

most common species of malaria;
enlarged RBC-prefers to infect retics
irregular in shape with ameboid extensions
Shuffner’s dots or granules

A

Plasmodium vivax

-morphology matching-

55
Q

RBC appears enlarged
oval shape cells
irregular or fibriated edge on RBC

A

Plasmodium ovale

56
Q

resembles rosette or daisy
band shape trophozoites
multiple meroizoites

A

Plasmodium malariae

57
Q

applique forms
multiple ring forms(such as split-ring)
cresent shaped
Mauer’s dots or granules

A

Plasmodium falciparum

58
Q

Name the three species with no cyst stage

A

Entamoeba gingicalis
Dientamoeba fragilis
Trichomonas sp.

MLT 240- Special Clinical Microbiology (5 decks)

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