EXAM II Simple Extractions Flashcards
which blade is the most commonly used in oral surgery?
15 blade
___ bone files can be used in any direction, whereas ___ bone files can only be used in a single direction
- cross-hatched
- straight-cut
what are the 3 parts of an elevator?
blade, shank, and handle
which forceps simulate furcations of maxillary molars?
53 forceps
the ___ forcep is designed similar to the 53 forcep, and is good for expansion and retraction of the socket
88
the ___ forceps engage deep between roots to expand the socket and elevate the tooth
23 “cowhorn”
extraction of which tooth is the most common cause of sinus perforations?
maxillary first molar
___ is the most common tooth for a root fracture during an extraction
maxillary first premolar with a bifurcated root
for a maxillary extraction, the chair should be tipped ___ and maxillary occlusal plane is at ___ degrees to the floor. the height of the chair should have the patients mouth at or below the operators ___ level.
- backward
- 60
- elbow
for a mandibular extraction, the patient should be positioned in a more ___ position. the occlusal plane is ___. the chair should be _(higher/lower)__ than for extraction of maxillary teeth.
- upright
- parallel to the floor
- lower
the first step in removing a tooth using the simple technique is to ___
sever or loosen the soft tissue attachment surrounding the tooth (aka the PDL)
during expansion of the bony socket, the forceps should be seated with strong ___ pressure to expand ___ and to displace ___ as apically as possible
- apical
- crestal bones
- center of rotation
- if center of rotation is not far enough apically, it is too far occlusally, which results in excess movement of tooth apex
excess motion of root apex caused by high center of rotation results in ___
fracture of root apex
what happens when buccal or labial pressure is applied to a tooth?
it will expand the buccal cortical plate toward the crestal bone with some lingual expansion at apical end of the root
what can lingual or palatal pressure cause?
expansion of lingual cortical plate at the crestal area and slight expansion of buccal bone at the apical area
initial rotational forces are useful for teeth with ___
conical roots
tractional forces are useful for ___
final removal of a tooth from the socket
the final withdrawal movement for most of the upper and lower teeth is in a ___ direction. what is the exception?
- outward-occlusal direction
- the exception is the lower molars which are sometimes in a lingual-occlusal direction
the proper use of forceps in luxation and removal of teeth includes which 3 movements?
outward, inward, and rotatory movements which should be steady and with a reasonable force
___ movement is the initial movement in upper central incisor and lower second premolar extractions
primary rotatory movement
if a resistance is felt in primary rotation, a ___ movement should be started. if rotatory movement is continued, a ___ may occur.
- bucco-lingual movement
- spiral fracture of the tooth root
when extracting a carious tooth, the extraction forceps blade should be applied to the ___ side first, and the first movement should be made ___ the caries
- carious
- toward
- *you want the beak to be apical to the caries
if you are extracting a tooth with crowns on both adjacent teeth, which instrument do you want to avoid using?
you don’t want to use elevators; just periosteal and then forceps, otherwise the crowns can break off
when an elevator is used for a tooth extraction, an acquired contact point can be made on the ___ surface and a lever can be applied by the handle of the elevator to elevate the tooth or root from the socket
root
describe the wedge principle
- it is useful for the extraction of teeth in several different ways
- use the beaks of the extraction forceps as a wedge
- a straight elevator is used to luxate a tooth from its socket
what is the wheel and axle principle?
- when one root of a multiple-rooted tooth is left in the alveolar process, the pennant-shaped elevator (cryor) is positioned in the socket and turned
- the handle then serves as the axle and the tip of the triangular elevator acts as a wheel and engages and elevates the tooth root from the socket
describe the role of the operators opposite hand in extractions
- the opposite hand plays an important role in supporting and stabilizing the lower jaw when mandibular teeth are being extracted
- the opposite hand supports the alveolar process and provides tactile information to the operator concerning the expansion of the alveolar process during the luxation period
what can you do to a tooth to make the extraction easier?
section it
special care should be taken when doing rotational movements on which teeth and why?
mandibular incisors because their roots are not as conical as maxillary incisor roots
