Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm. II > Exam II Respiratory Drugs > Flashcards

Exam II Respiratory Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Moving the air into and out of the lungs, also called “ventilation”

A

Breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Exchanging gases between the air in the lungs and the blood

A

External respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Transport of oxygen to the body cells and return of carbon dioxide

A

Gas Transport by Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Exchanging gases between the blood and the body cells

A

Internal Respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Using the oxygen in cell processes and the production of carbon dioxide

A

Cellular Respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Hemoglobin in red blood cells bind ________. Oxygen delivered to ____________.
Oxygen saturation is measured with a __________

A
  • oxygen
  • tissues
  • pulse oximeter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

_________ is a medical that indirectly measures the oxygen saturation of a patients blood (as opposed to measuring oxygen saturation directly through a blood sample) and changes in blood volume in the skin.

A

A pulse oximeter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Blood-oxygen monitor displays what?

A

The percentage of arterial hemoglobin in the oxyhemoglobin configuration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Acceptable normal ranges are from ______ to ______ % although values down to ______ are common.

A
  • 95 to 100 %

- 90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the upper types of respiratory disorders?

A

1) infections
2) sinusitis
3) common cold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the types of lower respiratory disorders?

A

1) asthma
2) bronchitis
3) emphysema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a sinusitis?

Symptoms:

A

Acute or chronic in nature

Symptoms:

1) Nasal obstruction
2) fevers
3) chills
4) mid-face pain
5) referred pain to teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the 2012 criteria for diagnosis of acute bacterial sinusitis according to the Infectious diseases society of America?

A

1) Persistent symptoms for a least 10 days without improvement
2) Severe symptoms: fever, facial pain, purulent nasal discharge for 3-4 consecutive days at beginning of illness.
3) duration of illness aline is unreliable
4) CAT scans or radiographs do not differentiate viral from bacterial sinusitis= imaging not routinely recommended.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

(2012 guidelines):

Most cases of acute rhinosinusitis are ________ (98%).
Bacterial sinus infections = _________________
Overcomes _______________
Treats H. influenzae; may be ineffective ________________
If penicillin allergic, then give ____________ or _____________. __________ may be second line agent)
Avoid ________, _________,___________
Treat for ________ days for adults and _____ for children.
Avoid ___________ and ____________.
____________ with sterile saline solution
Inhaled ____________ if also allergic rhinitis

A
  • viral
  • amoxicillin-clavulanate (augmentin)
  • resistance
  • Strep. pneumoniae
  • levofloxacin
  • clindamycin
  • doxycycline
  • azithromycin -clarithromycin -sulf combos
  • 5-7 days
  • 10-14 days
  • decongestants and antihistamines
  • irrigation
  • corticosteroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the drugs for sinusitis/allergic rhinos?

A

1) Pseudoephedrine (vasoconstrictor mucous membrane)
2) antihistamines
3) analgesics (Ibuprofen-if sinusitis)
4) Antibiotics if bacterial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an important dental drug interaction associated with nasal decongestants?

A
  • Epinephrine (vasoconstrictor)
  • Use w/ caution w/ decongestants, these drugs are sympathomimetics.
  • They may enhance cardiac stimulation (tachycardia) and elevated blood pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which drug was newly FDA approved 3/26/2012 as a nasal aerosol corticosteroid?

A
  • QNASL Nasal Aerosol (beclomethasone dipropionate)

- New, dry nasal aerosol corticosteroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is QNASL used for?

A

1) Seasonal and year round nasal allergy symptoms

2) Allergic rhinitis affects 1 in 5 people (spring or fall seasons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which diseases are caused by an increase in resistance to airflow moving in and out of the lungs (inadequate alveolar ventilation) ?

A

Obstructive diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are some examples of obstructive diseases?

A

1) asthma

2) COPD
a) chronic bronchitis
b) emphysema
c) neoplastic diseases

21
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Asthma?

A

1) Intermittent respiratory disorder

2) recurrent brochaial sooth muscle spasm, inflmmation, swelling of bronchial mucosa, hyper secretion of mucous

22
Q

What does asthma result in?

A

1) widespread narrowing of airways
2) decreased ventilation w/ increased airway resistance
3) decreased expiratory outflow

23
Q

Etiology of asthma:

__________–> most common form

inhaled _________ allergens, _______, ________ and __________.
usually seen in _______ and ________.
______________ response relationship between allergen exposure and _______ mediated sensitization, positive skin test, family Hx

A
  • Extrinsic
  • seasonal
  • pollen
  • dust mites
  • animal dander
  • young children and adults
  • DOSE
  • IgE
24
Q

Etiology of asthma:

Describe the major biochemical assault

A

1) bradykinins, histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins
2) histamine = bronchonconstriction; increased vascular permeability ; attack
3) Eosinophils into airway
4) eosinophils into airway
5) Platelet activating factor= bronchial hyper-responsiveness
6) Recruit leukocytes to airway wall
7) INCREASED tissue edema, mucous secretions, T lymphocytes prolog inflammatory response.

25
Q

Intrinsic asthma :
occurs ______ % of cases.
Seldom associated w/ ________ of _____ or to a known cause.

A
  • 30%
  • family history
  • allergy
26
Q

With intrinsic asthma:
patients are ____________ to ______ testing.
IgE levels are __________
seen with __________ aged adults.
It is associated with ________ causes : ________ and ____________

A 
non-responsive
skin
normal
middle-aged
endogenous
emotional stess
GERD
27
Q

List the drug-induced asthma?

A

1) aspirin
2) NSAIDS
3) cholinergics
4) beta blockers
5) ACE inhibitors
6) barbiturates
7) opiates

28
Q

Asthmatics are more likely to have _______________ reaction to aspirin
(5-15% of the time)

A

hypersensitivity

29
Q

What is the aspirin hypersensitivity triad?

A

1) aspirin
2) asthma
3) nasal polyps

30
Q

What is the mechanism of aspirin allergy?

A

1) inhibits bronchodilating PGE2

2) formation of leukotrienes (bronchoconstrictors)

31
Q

In asthmatics aspirin sensitivity develops over about ___ exposures

A

15

32
Q

There is a _______ hypersensitivity between ______ and ________

A

cross
aspirin
NSAIDS

33
Q

Regarding Asthma food substances serve as what ?

Example?

A

Triggers

Ex: nuts, shellfish, strawberries, milk, food dyes

34
Q

________ found in vasoconstrictors cause what ?

A
  • Sulfite preservatives

- wheezing when metabolic levels of sulfite oxidase are low

35
Q

Sulfite dioxide produced when?

A

In absence of sulfite oxidase = precipitate acute attack

36
Q

Exercise induce asthma is caused by what?

A

1) Exertion
2) thermal changes in air during inhalation provoke mucosal irritation and airway hyperactivity
3) children and young adults most affected

37
Q

Describe the asthma caused by bronchial constriction and increased airway resistance due to inflammatory response of bronchi to infection

A

Infectious asthma

38
Q

What organisms can lead to asthma?

TX does what?

A

1) viruses
2) bacteria
3) fungi
4) mycoplasma

TX: improves pulmonary symptoms

39
Q

What is status asthmaticus?

A

1) persistent life-threatening bronchospasm despite drug therapy/intervention

2) attack lasts for more than 24 hours
○ dyspnea, cyanosis, fall in systolic pressure with inspiration

○ end points:
■	exhaustion
■	severe dehydration
■	peripheral vascular collapse
■	death without intervention
40
Q

What are the symptoms of asthma?

A

1) shortness of breath
2) wheezing
3) expanded chest
4) sinusitis often co-exists
5) failure to grow
6) thick stringy mucous

41
Q

With asthma:
you get sudden ________of attacks.
respiration ___________ in difficulty leading to _______________ and ___________
_______ and ___________ expirations

A 
onset
increase
expiratory 
wheezing
tachypnea
prolonged
42
Q

Termination of attack is accompanied by ___________________: ________ , _______.
Episodes are ________

A 
productive cough
thick
stringy 
mucous
self-liming
43
Q

Describe the classification of asthma?

A

1) Mild
■ symptoms only when exposed to trigger and last less than an hour

2) Moderate
■ symptoms more than twice a week, affecting sleep and activity levels and on occasions requires energy care (FEV > 805)

3) Severe
■ ongoing symptoms that limit activity
■ frequent attacks

44
Q

What are the Medication considerations of asthma and other chronic respiratory disease? (COPD, emphysema, allergies)

A

1) Beta adrenergic stimulants
2) Steroids (adrenal glucocorticocoids)
3) leukotriene-altering medications
4) mast cell inhibitors
5) expectorants
6) anti-tussive drugs

45
Q

What are the medication considerations for mild intermittent asthma?

A

mild intermittent asthma =

rescue bronchodilator

46
Q

What are the medication considerations for mild persistent asthma?

A

= mild persistent asthma = anti-inflammatory drug with low dose inhaled corticosteroid

47
Q

What are the medication considerations for moderate persistent asthma?

A

= One medium dose of inhaled corticosteroid
or two daily medications
● low to medium dose inhaled corticosteroid

48
Q

What are the medication considerations for severe persistent asthma?

A

= daily medications

● high dose inhaled corticosteroid with long acting bronchodilator

49
Q

Misuse of asthma medications:

Asthma is ___________

A

undertreated

Pharm. II (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions