Exam 5 EmergencyKit Drugs Flashcards
What are the (7) level 1 (basic critical drugs)?
1) Endogenous catecholamine
2) Histamine blocker
3) Oxygen
4) Vasodilator
5) Bronchodilator
6) Anti-hypoglycemic
7) Fibrinolytic
What is Endogenous catecholamine ?
-Epinephrine 1:1000
- Used for relief of respiratory distress
- Rapid relief of hypersensitivity reactions - anaphylaxis
What is a histamine blocker?
- diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
- chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)
- Used for allergic reactions, angioedema, and anaphylaxis
How do you administer an EpiPen?
1) Form fist around it and pull off grey safety cap
2) Place black END against outer mid-thigh (w/ or w/out clothing)
3) PUSH DOWN HARD until click is heard or felt (Hold in place for 10 seconds)
4) Remove Epipen and DO NOT touch needle. Massage injection site for 10 seconds.
What is oxygen used for?
Used for any emergency situation where respiratory distress is evident
What is a vasodilator ?
- nitroglycerin
- For prophylaxis and management/treatment of patients w/ angina
What is a bronchodilator?
- albuterol (beta 2 agonist) inhaler
- Used for relief of bronchospasm in patients w/ COPD
What is an Anti-hypoglycemic drug?
1) Orange juice
2) Cake icing
3) Soft drinks
4) Glucose paste, tablets
-Used for hypoglycemia in conscious patients
What is a Fibrinolytic drug ?
- Chewable aspirin
- Pre-hospital admission drug for MI
What are the level 2 (often in basic kits too) drugs?
1) Respiratory stimulant
2) Histamine blocker
3) Analgesic
4) Anticonvulsant
5) Anti-hypertensive
6) Anti-hypoglycemic
7) Glucocorticoid (anti-inflammatory)
8) Vasoconstrictor
9) Anticholinergic
What is a Respiratory stimulant ?
■ Aromatic ammonia
■ Spirits of ammonia
■ Treatment of fainting (NOT respiratory depression caused by opioids)
What is a Histamine blocker?
■ diphenhydramine (oral administration)
- Mild allergic reactions (mild, uncomplicated skin reaction), angioedema
What is an Analgesic ?
■ morphine sulfate
-Used for pain/anxiety w/ MI
What is an Anticonvulsant ?
■ diazepam (Valium)
-Used for status epilepticus and severe recurrent convulsive seizures
What is a Anti-hypertensive?
■ Anti-anginal
■ Beta blocker such as esmolol, labetalol
■ Used for treatment of tachycardia and hypertension intraoperatively/postoperatively
What is an Anti-hypoglycemic?
■ glucagon HCl
■ 50% dextrose
■ Management/treatment of severe hypoglycemic reactions
What is a Glucocorticoid (anti-inflammatory) ?
■ hydrocortisone sodium succinate (Solu-Cortef)
- Treatment of adrenocortical insufficiency
- Treatment of shock
- Control of severe or incapacitating allergic conditions that are intractable to conventional treatment of asthma/allergic reactions
What is a Vasoconstrictor
- methoxamine (Vasoxyl)
- support or maintenance of blood pressure
What is a Anticholinergic
■ atropine
- used as antisialagogue for preanesthesia
- used to restore heart rate + arterial pressure when vagal stimulation causes sudden decrease in pulse rate + cardiac action:
- lessens degree of AV heart block; overcome severe bradycardia and syncope due to hyperactive carotid sinus reflex
What are the Level 3 (advanced cardiac life-support drugs)?
1) Alkalinizing agent
2) Analgesic
3) Anti-dysrhythmic
4) Anti-cholinergic, antidysrhythmic
5) Calcium salt
6) Endogenous catecholamine
What are Alkalinizing agents?
-sodium bicarbonate
● not frequently used due to many adverse effects
● documented pre-existing metabolic acidosis
● used after other interventions (defibrillation, CPR, lidocaine….)
What are Analgesics?
-morphine sulfate
● treatment of anxiety/pain due to MI
● manage pain unresponsive to non-opioid analgesics
What are Anti-dysrhythmic (lidocaine) ?
-lidocaine (Xylocaine)
● acute management of ventricular dysrhythmias especially those related to MI
● drug of choice for suppression of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation
What are Anti-cholinergic, antidysrhythmic drugs?
-atropine (Sal-Tropine)
● see indications under Level 2 drugs
What are Calcium salts?
■ calcium chloride
- treatment of acute hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia or calcium channel blocker toxicity
What are Endogenous catecholamine drugs?
-epinephrine (Adrenalin)
● 1:10000 for IV or endotracheally
● treatment of cardiac arrest
What is Anti-dysrhythmic (bretylium tosylate (Bretylol)?
-treatment of life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmias that have not responded to adequate doses of first line agents (e.g. lidocaine)
What is Anti-dysrhythmic (procainamide (Pronestyl)
-used in suppressing premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) and recurrent ventricular tachycardia that cannot be controlled by lidocaine
What is Anti-dysrhythmic drug ( verapamil (Calan)?
-management of supraventricular tachycardia that does not require cardioversion
What are the level 4 (antidotes) drugs?
1) Benzodiazepine antagonist
2) Opioid antagonist
What is an Benzodiazepine antagonist?
- reversal of conscious sedation or general anesthesia which has been induced or maintained with benzodiazepines
- flumazenil (Romazicon)
What is an Opioid antagonist ?
- reversal of opioid depression (respiratory depression)
- naloxone (Narcan), naltrexone
