Exam 5 EmergencyKit Drugs

Question 1

What are the (7) level 1 (basic critical drugs)?

Answer 1

1) Endogenous catecholamine
2) Histamine blocker
3) Oxygen
4) Vasodilator
5) Bronchodilator
6) Anti-hypoglycemic
7) Fibrinolytic

Question 2

What is Endogenous catecholamine ?

Answer 2

-Epinephrine 1:1000

• Used for relief of respiratory distress
• Rapid relief of hypersensitivity reactions - anaphylaxis

Question 3

What is a histamine blocker?

Answer 3

• diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
• chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)
• Used for allergic reactions, angioedema, and anaphylaxis

Question 4

How do you administer an EpiPen?

Answer 4

1) Form fist around it and pull off grey safety cap
2) Place black END against outer mid-thigh (w/ or w/out clothing)
3) PUSH DOWN HARD until click is heard or felt (Hold in place for 10 seconds)
4) Remove Epipen and DO NOT touch needle. Massage injection site for 10 seconds.

Question 5

What is oxygen used for?

Answer 5

Used for any emergency situation where respiratory distress is evident

Question 6

What is a vasodilator ?

Answer 6

• nitroglycerin

- For prophylaxis and management/treatment of patients w/ angina

Question 7

What is a bronchodilator?

Answer 7

• albuterol (beta 2 agonist) inhaler

- Used for relief of bronchospasm in patients w/ COPD

Question 8

What is an Anti-hypoglycemic drug?

Answer 8

1) Orange juice
2) Cake icing
3) Soft drinks
4) Glucose paste, tablets

-Used for hypoglycemia in conscious patients

Question 9

What is a Fibrinolytic drug ?

Answer 9

• Chewable aspirin

- Pre-hospital admission drug for MI

Question 10

What are the level 2 (often in basic kits too) drugs?

Answer 10

1) Respiratory stimulant
2) Histamine blocker
3) Analgesic
4) Anticonvulsant
5) Anti-hypertensive
6) Anti-hypoglycemic
7) Glucocorticoid (anti-inflammatory)
8) Vasoconstrictor
9) Anticholinergic

Question 11

What is a Respiratory stimulant ?

Answer 11

■ Aromatic ammonia
■ Spirits of ammonia
■ Treatment of fainting (NOT respiratory depression caused by opioids)

Question 12

What is a Histamine blocker?

Answer 12

■ diphenhydramine (oral administration)

- Mild allergic reactions (mild, uncomplicated skin reaction), angioedema

Question 13

What is an Analgesic ?

Answer 13

■ morphine sulfate

-Used for pain/anxiety w/ MI

Question 14

What is an Anticonvulsant ?

Answer 14

■ diazepam (Valium)

-Used for status epilepticus and severe recurrent convulsive seizures

Question 15

What is a Anti-hypertensive?

Answer 15

■ Anti-anginal
■ Beta blocker such as esmolol, labetalol
■ Used for treatment of tachycardia and hypertension intraoperatively/postoperatively

Question 16

What is an Anti-hypoglycemic?

Answer 16

■ glucagon HCl
■ 50% dextrose
■ Management/treatment of severe hypoglycemic reactions

Question 17

What is a Glucocorticoid (anti-inflammatory) ?

Answer 17

■ hydrocortisone sodium succinate (Solu-Cortef)

• Treatment of adrenocortical insufficiency
• Treatment of shock
• Control of severe or incapacitating allergic conditions that are intractable to conventional treatment of asthma/allergic reactions

Question 18

What is a Vasoconstrictor

Answer 18

• methoxamine (Vasoxyl)

- support or maintenance of blood pressure

Question 19

What is a Anticholinergic

Answer 19

■ atropine

• used as antisialagogue for preanesthesia
• used to restore heart rate + arterial pressure when vagal stimulation causes sudden decrease in pulse rate + cardiac action:
• lessens degree of AV heart block; overcome severe bradycardia and syncope due to hyperactive carotid sinus reflex

Question 20

What are the Level 3 (advanced cardiac life-support drugs)?

Answer 20

1) Alkalinizing agent
2) Analgesic
3) Anti-dysrhythmic
4) Anti-cholinergic, antidysrhythmic
5) Calcium salt
6) Endogenous catecholamine

Question 21

What are Alkalinizing agents?

Answer 21

-sodium bicarbonate
● not frequently used due to many adverse effects
● documented pre-existing metabolic acidosis
● used after other interventions (defibrillation, CPR, lidocaine….)

Question 22

What are Analgesics?

Answer 22

-morphine sulfate
● treatment of anxiety/pain due to MI
● manage pain unresponsive to non-opioid analgesics

Question 23

What are Anti-dysrhythmic (lidocaine) ?

Answer 23

-lidocaine (Xylocaine)
● acute management of ventricular dysrhythmias especially those related to MI
● drug of choice for suppression of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation

Question 24

What are Anti-cholinergic, antidysrhythmic drugs?

Answer 24

-atropine (Sal-Tropine)

● see indications under Level 2 drugs

Question 25

What are Calcium salts?

Answer 25

■ calcium chloride

- treatment of acute hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia or calcium channel blocker toxicity

Question 26

What are Endogenous catecholamine drugs?

Answer 26

-epinephrine (Adrenalin)
● 1:10000 for IV or endotracheally
● treatment of cardiac arrest

Question 27

What is Anti-dysrhythmic (bretylium tosylate (Bretylol)?

Answer 27

-treatment of life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmias that have not responded to adequate doses of first line agents (e.g. lidocaine)

Question 28

What is Anti-dysrhythmic (procainamide (Pronestyl)

Answer 28

-used in suppressing premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) and recurrent ventricular tachycardia that cannot be controlled by lidocaine

Question 29

What is Anti-dysrhythmic drug ( verapamil (Calan)?

Answer 29

-management of supraventricular tachycardia that does not require cardioversion

Question 30

What are the level 4 (antidotes) drugs?

Answer 30

1) Benzodiazepine antagonist

2) Opioid antagonist

Question 31

What is an Benzodiazepine antagonist?

Answer 31

• reversal of conscious sedation or general anesthesia which has been induced or maintained with benzodiazepines
• flumazenil (Romazicon)

Question 32

What is an Opioid antagonist ?

Answer 32

• reversal of opioid depression (respiratory depression)

- naloxone (Narcan), naltrexone