EXAM II - Principles Flashcards
What are drugs effects? (2)
toxicodynamics on host and pharmacodynamics on bacteria
What are host effects? (2)
pharmacokinetics on drug and host defenses on bacteria
What are bacteria effects? (2)
resistance on drug and infection on host
What bacteria infects skin?
staphylococcus aureus
What bacteria infects the intestinal lining?
helicobacter pylori
What bacteria infects the urinary tract?
escherichia coli
What has no evidence based support for use?
combination therapy for carbapenem-resistant Gram-negatvie bacteria
What value denotes something that is bactericidal?
< 10^4 CFUs/mL
What are Gram-positive cocci in clusters?
coagulase negative (s. epidermidis) and coagulase positive (s. aureus)
What percents are MSSE and MRSE?
MSSE = 26%, MRSE = 74%
What percents are MSSA and MRSA?
MSSA = 50%, MRSA = 50%
How to treat susceptible staph versus resistant?
susceptible = nafcillin/dicloxacillin/cephalexin, resistant = vanco/daptomycin/linezolid/clindamycin/ceftaroline/TMPSMX
SPACE acronym stand for?
serratia, pseudomonas, acinetobacter/indole-positive, citrobacter, enterobacter
penicillins MOA?
bind to transpeptidase enzymes and prevent cell wall formation
penicillins spectrum of activity?
Gram + aerobes, some MSSA
cephalosporins MOA?
bind to transpeptidase enzymes and prevent cell wall formation
cephalosporins spectrum of activity?
ceftazidime - pseudomonas, cefepime - MRSA
What is the drug class of choice for ESBL producing organisms?
carbapenems
carbapenems spectrum of activity?
does not work on MRSA or atypicals
aminoglycosides MOA?
bind to 30S ribosomal subunit
What aminoglycoside is used in combination with cell wall active agents?
gentamicin
What are ADEs of aminoglycosides?
nephro/ototoxicity, neuromuscular blockade
aminoglycosides spectrum of activity?
does not work on Gram - anaerobes or atypicals
What class of drugs are bacteriostatic?
tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, TMP/SMX, and oxazolidinones
tetracyclines MOA?
reversibly bind to 30S ribosomal subunit
tetracyclines ADEs?
GI, phototoxicity, Fanconi syndrome
tetracyclines spectrum of activity?
work on atypicals, no pseudomonas coverage
macrolides MOA?
reversibly bind to the 50S ribosomal subunit
macrolides ADEs?
GI, phlebitis