Exam II Microbiology: Chapter 6 Flashcards
an organism that must obtain its carbon in an organic form
Heterotroph
an organism that uses inorganic CO2 as its carbon source
Has the capacity to convert CO2 into organic compounds
Not nutritionally dependent on other living things
Autotroph
Bacteria that live under extreme pressure
These bacteria are so strictly adapted to high pressures that they will rupture when exposed to normal atmospheric pressure.
Barophiles
prefer high concentration of salt
Halophiles
live in habitats with high solute concentration
Osmophiles
require very high levels of salt to grow
Extreme halophiles
require moderate to high levels of salt to grow
Obligate halophiles
can grow in moderate levels of salt but can also grow without it
Example: Staphyloccocus
Facultative halophiles
organisms that thrive in acidic environments
Acidophiles
grows in acid pools between pH 0 and 1
Euglena mutabilis
lives in coal piles at a pH of 1 or 2
Thermoplasma
thrives at a pH of 7, but can live at a pH of 0
Picrophilus
organisms that thrive in alkaline conditions
Alkalinophiles
Euglena mutabilis
Thermoplasma
Picrophilus
are examples of?
Acidophiles
live in hot pools and soils at pH 12
Natromonas
can create alkaline conditions to neutralize urine and colonize and infect the urinary system
Proteus
Natromonas
Proteus
are examples of?
Alkalinophiles
organisms that grow best at a higher CO2 tension than is normally present in the atmosphere
Capnophiles
What grows optimally at temperatures greater than 45°C, lives in soil and water associated with volcanic activity, compost piles, and in habitats directly exposed to the sun?
Also varies in heat requirements with a range of growth of 45°C to 80°C
Thermophile
Majority of medically significant microorganisms
Grow at intermediate temperatures between 20°C and 40°C
Inhabit animals and plants as well as soil and water in temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions
Human pathogens have optimal temperatures between 30°C and 40°C
are examples of?
Mesophiles
Grow slowly in the cold but have an optimum temperature between 15°C and 30°C
Psychrotrophs
Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes are able to grow at refrigerator temperatures and cause food-borne disease. They are examples of?
Psychrotrophs
Storage at refrigerator temperature incubates rather than inhibits them
Natural habitats of psychrophilic bacteria, fungi, and algae are lakes, rivers, snowfields, polar ice, and the deep ocean.
Rarely pathogenic
What am I?
Psychrophiles
unable to grow outside of a living host
Obligate parasites
live within cells such as the leprosy bacillus and the syphilis spirochete
Intracellular parasites
live in the organs and tissues
Endoparasites
live on the body
Ectoparasites
cause damage to tissues or even death
Pathogens
Derive nutrients from the cells or tissues of a living host
Parasites
What am I?
Free-living organisms that feed on organic detritus from dead organisms
Decomposers of plant litter, animal matter, and dead microbes
Recycle organic nutrients
Saprobes
Uses sunlight for energy but get carbon from organic molecules
Includes purple and green photosynthetic bacteria
Photoheterotroph
Derives both carbon and energy from organic compounds
Processes these molecules through respiration or fermentation
Include protozoans, fungi, animals and many bacteria
Chemoheterotrophs
microbes that use light energy and carbon dioxide to produce organic molecules. Use the process of photosynthesis. Include plants, algae and cyanobacteria
Phototroph (photoautotroph)
microbes that use chemical energy to make organic molecules from inorganic compounds (like carbon dioxide). Include only certain bacteria that live on methane or in deep sea vents
Chemotroph (chemoautotroph)
Chemotroph (chemoautotroph) and Phototroph (photoautotroph) are examples of?
Autotrophs
