Exam II Microbiology: Chapter 6

Question 1

an organism that must obtain its carbon in an organic form

Answer 1

Heterotroph

Question 2

an organism that uses inorganic CO2 as its carbon source

Has the capacity to convert CO2 into organic compounds

Not nutritionally dependent on other living things

Answer 2

Autotroph

Question 3

Bacteria that live under extreme pressure

These bacteria are so strictly adapted to high pressures that they will rupture when exposed to normal atmospheric pressure.

Answer 3

Barophiles

Question 4

prefer high concentration of salt

Answer 4

Halophiles

Question 5

live in habitats with high solute concentration

Answer 5

Osmophiles

Question 6

require very high levels of salt to grow

Answer 6

Extreme halophiles

Question 7

require moderate to high levels of salt to grow

Answer 7

Obligate halophiles

Question 8

can grow in moderate levels of salt but can also grow without it

Example: Staphyloccocus

Answer 8

Facultative halophiles

Question 9

organisms that thrive in acidic environments

Answer 9

Acidophiles

Question 10

grows in acid pools between pH 0 and 1

Answer 10

Euglena mutabilis

Question 11

lives in coal piles at a pH of 1 or 2

Answer 11

Thermoplasma

Question 12

thrives at a pH of 7, but can live at a pH of 0

Answer 12

Picrophilus

Question 13

organisms that thrive in alkaline conditions

Answer 13

Alkalinophiles

Question 14

Euglena mutabilis

Thermoplasma

Picrophilus

are examples of?

Answer 14

Acidophiles

Question 15

live in hot pools and soils at pH 12

Answer 15

Natromonas

Question 16

can create alkaline conditions to neutralize urine and colonize and infect the urinary system

Answer 16

Proteus

Question 17

Natromonas

Proteus

are examples of?

Answer 17

Alkalinophiles

Question 18

organisms that grow best at a higher CO2 tension than is normally present in the atmosphere

Answer 18

Capnophiles

Question 19

What grows optimally at temperatures greater than 45°C, lives in soil and water associated with volcanic activity, compost piles, and in habitats directly exposed to the sun?
Also varies in heat requirements with a range of growth of 45°C to 80°C

Answer 19

Thermophile

Question 20

Majority of medically significant microorganisms

Grow at intermediate temperatures between 20°C and 40°C

Inhabit animals and plants as well as soil and water in temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions

Human pathogens have optimal temperatures between 30°C and 40°C

are examples of?

Answer 20

Mesophiles

Question 21

Grow slowly in the cold but have an optimum temperature between 15°C and 30°C

Answer 21

Psychrotrophs

Question 22

Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes are able to grow at refrigerator temperatures and cause food-borne disease. They are examples of?

Answer 22

Psychrotrophs

Question 23

Storage at refrigerator temperature incubates rather than inhibits them

Natural habitats of psychrophilic bacteria, fungi, and algae are lakes, rivers, snowfields, polar ice, and the deep ocean.

Rarely pathogenic

What am I?

Answer 23

Psychrophiles

Question 24

unable to grow outside of a living host

Answer 24

Obligate parasites

Question 25

live within cells such as the leprosy bacillus and the syphilis spirochete

Answer 25

Intracellular parasites

Question 26

live in the organs and tissues

Answer 26

Endoparasites

Question 27

live on the body

Answer 27

Ectoparasites

Question 28

cause damage to tissues or even death

Answer 28

Pathogens

Question 29

Derive nutrients from the cells or tissues of a living host

Answer 29

Parasites

Question 30

What am I?

Free-living organisms that feed on organic detritus from dead organisms

Decomposers of plant litter, animal matter, and dead microbes

Recycle organic nutrients

Answer 30

Saprobes

Question 31

Uses sunlight for energy but get carbon from organic molecules

Includes purple and green photosynthetic bacteria

Answer 31

Photoheterotroph

Question 32

Derives both carbon and energy from organic compounds

Processes these molecules through respiration or fermentation

Include protozoans, fungi, animals and many bacteria

Answer 32

Chemoheterotrophs

Question 33

microbes that use light energy and carbon dioxide to produce organic molecules. Use the process of photosynthesis. Include plants, algae and cyanobacteria

Answer 33

Phototroph (photoautotroph)

Question 34

microbes that use chemical energy to make organic molecules from inorganic compounds (like carbon dioxide). Include only certain bacteria that live on methane or in deep sea vents

Answer 34

Chemotroph (chemoautotroph)

Question 35

Chemotroph (chemoautotroph) and Phototroph (photoautotroph) are examples of?

Answer 35

Autotrophs