Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Foundations of Pharmacy Care > Exam II: Antibiotics (Protein synthesis inhibitors + others) > Flashcards

Exam II: Antibiotics (Protein synthesis inhibitors + others) Flashcards

1
Q

Erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin.

Antibiotic class?

A

Macrolides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the macrolide that does not end in “mycin”.

A

Fidaxomicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

These two macrolides are modifications of erythromycin. What aspects of this drug have they improved?

A

Azithromycin and Clarithromycin

Improve oral absorption, half life, spectrum of activity and potency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Structures contain 14-member macrocyclic lactone ring.

Name antibiotic class.

A

Macrolides “mycin”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Three antibiotic drug classes that inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunit.

A

Macrolides “mycin” except Fidaxomicin

Oxazolidinones “zolid”

Pleuromutilins “mulin”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most antibiotics that are protein synthesis inhibitors are bactericidal or bacteriostatic? Name exceptions.

A

Most are bacteriostatic

except aminoglycosides “mycin or micin”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Antibiotic ending in “mycin” can be one of two types of antibiotics.

A

Aminoglycosides

Macrolides (3 drugs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This class of antibiotics is first choice for community-acquired pneumonia.

A

Macrolides “mycin”

Erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Can treat H.pylori, pertussis (whooping cough) certain STDs. Name the drug class.

A

Macrolides “mycin”

Erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This is the only macrolide used to treat gastroparesis.

A

Erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This macrolide can cause dysgeusia (taste disturbances) as a side effect.

A

Clarithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Antibiotic classes that can cause QT interval prolongation.

A

Macrolides “mycin”

Lipoglycopeptides “vancin”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Torsades de Pointes?

A

A possible side effect of certain antibiotics that prolong QT interval.

Ventricular arrhythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Two macrolides most likely to have drug-drug interactions.

A

Erythromycin and clarithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Macrolides can interact with amiodarone. What is the possible effect? (Cardiac)

A

Both are QT prolonging agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

This drug is one of the first to be found to cause an increased risk for C. diff infection.

A

Clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

These two drugs discussed so far can treat C. diff infections.

A

PO Vancomycin

PO Fidaxomicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This drug inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria and can also inhibit toxin production in necrotizing infections.

A

Clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why do some aminoglycosides end in “mycin” while others end in “micin”?

A

Derived from two different bacteria

Streptomyces - mycin

Micromonospora - micin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mechanism of action for aminoglycosides. Are they bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunit

Bactericidal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Aminoglycosides even have a post antibiotic effect. What does this mean?

A

Even when levels become undetectable, they still exert antibacterial activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the MIC line represent on a graph for bactericidal antibiotics?

A

Minimum inhibitory concentration - varies per drug

The lowest concentration (in μg/mL) of an antibiotic that inhibits the growth of a given strain of bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Time-dependent antibiotics vs concentration-dependent antibiotics.

A

Time-dependent antibiotics - greater effect when administered frequently. Longest duration over MIC.

Concentration-dependent antibiotic - greater effect with higher dose. Greatest peak over MIC.

24
Q

Can an antibiotic be both time and concentration dependent?

A

Yes, an antibiotic can be both time and concentration dependent.

25
Q

Antibiotics are considered broad spectrum for gram negative bacteria when they target what bacteria specifically?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

26
Q

This drug class is broad spectrum and treats gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

A

Aminoglycosides “mycin”

27
Q

This drug class has a minimal effect on gram positive bacteria when used alone.

A

Aminoglycosides “mycin”

28
Q

Gram positive only.

Name drug classes.

A

Glycopeptides “Vancomycin”

Lipopeptide “Daptomycin”

Lipoglycopeptides “vancin”

Oxazolidinones “Zolid”

29
Q

Aminoglycosides are ______ - dependent bactericides.

A

Concentration-dependent

30
Q

Nephrotoxicity and Ototoxicity (ear damage)

Name drug class. Reversible or irreversible?

A

Aminoglycosides

Nephrotoxicity - reversible

Ototoxicity - irreversible

31
Q

What are the two dosing strategies for aminoglycosides?

A
  1. High dose over an extended period of time.

2. Small doses given more frequently

32
Q

Two drug classes with narrow therapeutic index that require monitoring.

A

Aminoglycosides “mycin”

Glycopeptides “vancomycin”

33
Q

This drug is the “workhorse” for serious gram- positive infections in hospital settings.

A

Glycopeptide

Vancomycin

34
Q

Name the antibiotic dubbed “mississippi mud” originally due to impurities.

A

Glycopeptide

Vancomycin

35
Q

Glycopeptide “Vancomycin” moa. Bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to D-alanyl-D- alanine terminus of cell wall precursors

Bactericidal

36
Q

Glycopeptide “Vancomycin” is a ______- dependent bactericide.

A

Time-dependent and concentration-dependent activity

37
Q

What two antibiotics can treat VRE infections?

A

Linezolid

Daptomycin

38
Q

What does VRE stand for referencing antibiotics?

A

Vancomycin- resistant enterococci

Some strains of Enterococci have become vancomycin resistant.

39
Q

IV vs PO Vancomycin. Name the difference in infections these are used to treat.

A

IV Vancomycin - Serious gram-positive infections

PO Vancomycin - C. Diff infection

40
Q

What is “Red man syndrome” and how can it be avoided?

A

Histamine-mediated infusion reaction, not an allergic reaction.

Limit infusion rate to avoid reaction.

41
Q

Fidaxomicin is a macrolide. Does it have the same moa as the others?

A

Fidaxomicin - Inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase

Other Macrolides (Erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin) - Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunit.

42
Q

Which drug out of the two discussed to treat C. diff has a reduced rate of infection? Why?

A

Fidaxomicin

Drug possibly does a better job of preserving good bacteria in the gut

43
Q

Lipopeptide “Daptomycin” moa. Bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Binds to cell membrane and causes rapid depolarization

Bactericidal

44
Q

Any antibiotic with gram positive activity has an FDA approval for what clinical use?

A

Skin and soft tissue infections

45
Q

Why can’t Daptomycin be used to treat pneumonia?

A

It is inactivated by pulmonary surfactant

46
Q

Daptomycin is only administered?

A

IV only

47
Q

Compare lipoglycopeptides “vancin” to vancomycin.

A

Longer half-lives than vancomycin

Increased potency than vancomycin

48
Q

Lipoglycopeptides “vancin” moa. Bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to D-alanyl-D- alanine terminus of cell wall precursors - Same as Vancomycin

Bactericidal

49
Q

Additional moa that Telavancin and Oritavancin but Dalbavancin does not.

A

Disrupt cell membrane integrity

50
Q

The two lipoglycopeptides “vancin” administered as a single dose due to long half life.

A

Dalbavancin

Oritavancin

51
Q

The only lipoglycopeptide “vancin” that can treat disorders other than skin and soft-tissue infections.

Name the disorders.

A

Telavancin

Hospital-acquired pneumonia,
ventilator-associated pneumonia

Bacteremia

52
Q

Lipoglycopeptide “vancin” are only administered?

A

IV only

53
Q

Oxazolidinones “zolid” moa. Bactericidal or bacteriostatic?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunit

Bacteriostatic

54
Q

Oxazolidinone “zolid” most likely to interact with preserotonergic drugs.

A

Linezolid

55
Q

Pleuromutilins “Lefamulin” moa. Bacteriostatic or bactericidal?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunit

Bactericidal or bacteriostatic

Foundations of Pharmacy Care (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions