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Microbiology > Exam II > Flashcards

Exam II Flashcards

1
Q

What is co-aggregation based upon?

A

most important needs of sp

- localization, nutrition, atmosphere and protection

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2
Q

What is the bridge sp between late and early colonizers?

A

F nucleatum

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3
Q

What is the non-specific plaque hypothesis?

A

dental infections caused by non-specific overgrowth of all bacteria in dental plaque

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4
Q

What is the specific plaque hypothesis?

A

dental disease are infections by specific pathogens

- potential pathogens are part of normal microflora, can’t be eliminated by antibiotics like foreign pathogens

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5
Q

What is the updated non-specific hypothesis?

A

all bacteria in plaque contribute to virulence of microflora by playing role in colonization, evasion of host defenses, provoking inflammation or tissue destruction

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6
Q

What is the ecological plaque hypothesis?

A

disease results from imbalance due to ecological stress, resulting in enrichment of some “oral pathogens” or disease related bacteria (explains caries)

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7
Q

What is the keystone pathogen hypothesis?

A

certain low abundance sp can cause inflammatory disease by increasing quantity of normal microbiota and changing its composition

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8
Q

What is dysbiosis?

A

imbalance of abundance of individual sp in microbiome compared to abundance in healthy microbiome

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9
Q

What does GAS cause?

A

pharyngitis, impetigo, necrotizing fasciitis, STSS, acute rheumatic fever, acute post-strep glomerulonephritis

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10
Q

What does GBS cause?

A

neonatal - sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis

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11
Q

What does Pneumococcus cause?

A

community acquire pneumonia - most common

empyema (complication)

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12
Q

What does staphylococci cause?

A

furuncles and carbuncles, scalded skin syndrome, food poisoning

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13
Q

What does E.coli and Shigella cause?

A

ETEC, EPEC, EHEC (possible HUS), Shigellosis

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14
Q

What does salmonella typhimurium cause?

A

salmonellosis

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15
Q

What does H.pylori cause?

A

acute gastroenteritis, gastritis and peptic ulcers

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16
Q

What are the types of H. influenza and what do they cause?

A

NTHi (unencapsulated) - community acquired pneumonia and empyema (complication)
Hib (encapsulated) - epiglottitis

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17
Q

What does legionella pneumophilia cause?

A

legionellosis

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18
Q

What does mycoplasma pneumonia cause?

A

walking pneumonia

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19
Q

What does pseudomonas aeruginosa cause?

A

wide range of infections - chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis

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20
Q

What does actinomycetes Israeli cause?

A

cervicofacial actinomycetes (lumpy jaw)

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21
Q

What does nocardiosis brasiliensis cause?

A

subcutaneous mycetoma

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22
Q

What does B.fragilis cause?

A

intraperitoneal abscesses

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23
Q

What does Bacillus anthracis cause?

A 
cutaneous anthrax (95% cases)
inhalation anthrax (most lethal)
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24
Q

What does treponema palladium cause?

A

syphilis

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25
Q

What does borrelia burgdorferi cause?

A

lyme’s disease

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26
Q

What does neisseria meningitides cause?

A

meningococcal

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27
Q

What does Rickettsia ricketsii cause?

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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28
Q

What does yersinia pestis cause?

A

bubonic plaque

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29
Q

What does francisella tularensis cause?

A

ulceroglandular tuleremia - most common

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30
Q

What does brucella abortus cause?

A

brucellosis

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31
Q

Where do you encounter vibrio cholera?

A

salt/brackish water

32
Q

Encounter H.pylori?

33
Q

Legionella pneumophilia encounter?

A

fresh water habitats, man-made aquatic environments (hot tub, AC)

34
Q

Bordetella pertussis encounter and entry?

A

adults with chronic bronchitis or URT

- localizes in tracheobronchial tree

35
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginos encounter?

A

typically soil and water BUT

- ubiquitous b/c requires minimum nutrients for growth

36
Q

Actinomyces Israeli encounter?

A

colonizes oropharynx, digestive tract, female genital tract

37
Q

Nocardia brasiliensis encounter?

A

environment (soil)

38
Q

Listeria monocytogenes encounter?

A

soil, water, vegetation, GI tract of animals

39
Q

Bacillus anthracis encounter?

A

soil, animals (herbivores)

40
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi encounter?

A

ticks that feed on mice and deer

41
Q

Ricketsia ricketsii encounter?

42
Q

Yersinia pestis encounter?

43
Q

Francisella tularensis encounter?

A

blood sucking insects

44
Q

Brucella abortus encounter?

A

domesticated animals

45
Q

S.mutans virulence factors?

A

acidogenicity, acidity, glycosyl transferases

46
Q

GAS virulence factors?

A

streptococcal pyogenic exotoxins SpeA and speC, and M protein > 100 types

47
Q

Pneumococcus pneumonia virulence factors?

A

Capsule > 90 serotypes, pneumolysin (pore forming toxin), autolysin (cell lysis releasing pnemolysin)

48
Q

S.aureus virulence factors?

A

staphylococcal enterotoxins (superantigens), exofoliatin exoenzyme (degrades intercellular jxns b/t keratinocytes)

49
Q

ETEC virulence factors?

A

pili (Cfa), toxins: labile toxin and stable toxin

50
Q

EPEC virulence factors?

A

pili (BFp), intimin, Tir, EPEC secreted proteins (Esps)

51
Q

EHEC virulence factors?

A

long polar fimbriae, intimin, tip, shiga toxin

52
Q

Shigella virulence factors?

A

IcsA, shiga toxin

53
Q

Salmonella virulence factors?

A

long polar fimbriae, SpI1, SpI2

54
Q

Vibrio Cholera virulence factors?

A

cholera toxin (A-B toxin), pilus (co-regulated pilus, TCP)

55
Q

H.pylori virulence factors?

A

urease (urea -> ammonia), vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA, kills gastric epithelial cells), cytotoxin associated gene (CagA)

56
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factors?

A

lipoarabinomannan (prevents phagocytosis-lysosomal fusion), superoxide dismutase , catalase, scavenge ROS

57
Q

Treponema pallidum virulence factors?

A

no classical virulence factors

58
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi virulence factors?

A

OspC (outer surface protein C) - antiphagocytic

BBA70 - plasminogen binding protein

59
Q

Neisseria meningitidis virulence factors>

A

pili - adhesion
capsule
Opc protein - invasion
LOS - pro inflammatory, resists complement degradation

60
Q

Neisseria gonorrhea virulence factors?

A

pili
opacity (Opa) protein - adhesion and resist phagocytosis
LOS

61
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis virulence factors?

A

Tarp (translocated actin recruiting protein) - promotes uptake
IncA (inclusion protein A) - inhibits lysosomal fusion

62
Q

Ricketsia ricketsii virulence factor?

A

rOmpA, outer membrane protein A - adhesion
phospholipase - lyses phagosome
actin polymerizing proteins - cell to cell spread

63
Q

Yersinia pestis virulence factors?

A

Yops (yersinia outer membrane protein) - inhibit phagocytosis, cytokin signaling, promote apoptosis
F1 capsule

64
Q

Francisella tularensis virulence factors?

A

IglABCD operon (intracellular growth locus) - phagosome escape

65
Q

NTHi virulence factors?

A

outer membrane proteins, OMPs and pili
IGA protease
LOS -> toxic to cilia and lung epithelial cells

66
Q

Hib virulence factors?

A

same as NTHi plus capsule

67
Q

Legionella pneumophilia virulence factos?

A

Dot/Icm type 4 secretion, injectosome > 200 effector proteins
- operates inside host

68
Q

Bordetella pertussis virulence factors?

A

filamentous hemagglutinin and pili
pertussis toxin
adenylate cyclase
tracheal cytotoxin

69
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia virulence factors?

A

attachment proteins
CARDS toxin (community acquired respiratory distress symptom)
Hydrogen peroxide

70
Q

Psuedomonas aeruginosa virulence factors?

A

alginate, exopolysaccharide

71
Q

clostridium tetani virulence factors?

A

tetanospasmin, neurotoxin

72
Q

Bacteroides fragilis virulence factor?

A

superoxide dismzutase, catalase, detoxify ROS

capsule

73
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheria virulence factors?

A

diphtheria toxin (A-B toxin) - local and systemic effects

74
Q

Listeria monocytogenes virulence factors?

A

internals, InlA and InlB (bacterial uptake)
listerolysin O, LLO (pore-forming hemolysin vacuole lysis)
ActA (polymerizes host actin, propulsion, cell to cell spread

75
Q

Bacillus anthracis virulence factors?

A

exotoxins

  • edema factor (A-B toxin)
  • lethal factor
  • protective antigen, “B” domain of EF and LF makes pores in host cell membrane

Microbiology (8 decks)

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