Exam II

Question 1

What is the life span of a RBC?

Answer 1

120 days

Question 2

Which 3 values tell you there may be an anemia?

Answer 2

• RBC
• Hgb
• Hct

Question 3

Which 3 values tell you what kind of anemia it is?

Answer 3

• MVC
• MCH
• MCHC

Question 4

What RBC information does MCV give?

Answer 4

size (volume)

Question 5

What RBC information does MCH give?

Answer 5

weight (amount of Hgb)

Question 6

What RBC information does MCHC give?

Answer 6

concentration

Question 7

What levels are inc./dec. in microcytic hypochromic anemia?

Answer 7

• decreased MCV

- decreased MCH/MCHC

Question 8

What levels are inc./dec. in normocytic normochromic anemia?

Answer 8

• normal MCV

- normal MCH/MCHC

Question 9

What levels are inc./dec. in macrocytic normochromic anemia?

Answer 9

• increased MCV

- normal MCH/MCHC

Question 10

What levels are inc./dec. in macrocytic hyperochromic anemia?

Answer 10

• increased MCV

- increased MCH/MCHC

Question 11

What is anemia caused by?

Answer 11

• decreased production
• increased breakdown
• blood loss

Question 12

What are etiologies of microcytic hypochromic anemia?

Answer 12

• iron deficiency anemia*
• anemia of chronic dx
• thalassemia
• chronic blood loss

Question 13

What are etiologies of macrocytic normochromic anemia?

Answer 13

• vit B12 deficiency*
• folic acid deficiency*
• alcoholism
• liver dx

Question 14

What are etiologies of normocytic normochromic anemia?

Answer 14

• anemia of chronic dx*
• acute blood loss
• hemolytic anemia (sickle cell)
• aplastic anemia

Question 15

What is the MC worldwide cause of anemia?

Answer 15

iron deficiency anemia

Question 16

What is the MC etiology of iron deficiency anemia (in general)?

Answer 16

GI tract bleeding

Question 17

What is the MC etiology of iron deficiency anemia in developed countries?

Answer 17

blood lost during menses

Question 18

Leukopenia is typically seen with what type of infection?

Answer 18

viral

Question 19

Leukocytosis is typically seen with what type of infection?

Answer 19

bacterial

Question 20

What are neutrophils essential for?

Answer 20

• phagocytic action

- pyogenic infxns

Question 21

What are eosinophils essential for?

Answer 21

• allergy
• drug rxn
• parasites

Question 22

What are basophils essential for?

Answer 22

• hypersensitivity rxn

- parasites

Question 23

What are lymphocytes essential for?

Answer 23

fight viral infxn

Question 24

What are monocytes essential for?

Answer 24

help neutrophils

Question 25

0-5,000 WBC

Answer 25

Leukopenia

Question 26

5-10,000 WBC

Answer 26

normal

Question 27

>10,000 WBC

Answer 27

leukocytosis

Question 28

High WBC count is indicative of what?

Answer 28

bacterial infxn

Question 29

Low WBC count is indicative of what?

Answer 29

viral infxn

Question 30

10-18,000 WBC

Answer 30

typical infxn/inflam

Question 31

18-20,000 WBC

Answer 31

"hot abdomen"

Question 32

20/30-50,000

Answer 32

leukamoid rxn | leukemia

Question 33

>50,000

Answer 33

leukemia

Question 34

What does a right shift indicate?

Answer 34

more mature cells

Question 35

What does a left shift indicate?

Answer 35

more immature cells

Question 36

What is the stem cell theory?

Answer 36

if one cell type increases, others decrease

Question 37

Neutrophilia is usually due to?

Answer 37

bacterial infxns

Question 38

Neutropenia is usually due to?

Answer 38

viral infxn

Question 39

Hypersegmented neutrophils are seen with what condition?

Answer 39

megaloblastic anemia

Question 40

What is the MC cause of lymphocytosis?

Answer 40

viral infxns

Question 41

What is the MC cause of lymphopenia?

Answer 41

bacterial infxns

Question 42

What do B-lymphocytes do?

Answer 42

tag foreign bodies and produce antibodies

Question 43

What do T-lymphocytes do?

Answer 43

kill foreign bodies

Question 44

What do B-lymphocytes ultimately turn into?

Answer 44

plasma cell

Question 45

What is the "inverted ratio"?

Answer 45

lymphocytes > neutrophils | -seen in viral infxns

Question 46

Neutrophilic leukocytosis with 16 WBC. What is the ML dx?

Answer 46

bacterial infxn

Question 47

Lymphocytic leukocytosis with 16 WBC. ML dx?

Answer 47

viral infxn

Question 48

Lymphocytosis with 3.8 WBC. ML dx?

Answer 48

viral infxn

Question 49

What type of cells does HIV kill?

Answer 49

CD4+ T cells

Question 50

When is an individual diagnosed with AIDS?

Answer 50

when the CD4 count drops below 200

Question 51

What does the CD4 count tell us?

Answer 51

how well the immune system is fxning

Question 52

What does the viral load test tell us?

Answer 52

how rapidly HiV is progressing

Question 53

The presence of what cells indicate acute leukemia?

Answer 53

blasts and pros

Question 54

What is the MC leukemia found in the first few months?

Answer 54

AML