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Visceral Disorders > Exam II > Flashcards

Exam II Flashcards

1
Q

What is the life span of a RBC?

A

120 days

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2
Q

Which 3 values tell you there may be an anemia?

A
  • RBC
  • Hgb
  • Hct
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3
Q

Which 3 values tell you what kind of anemia it is?

A
  • MVC
  • MCH
  • MCHC
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4
Q

What RBC information does MCV give?

A

size (volume)

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5
Q

What RBC information does MCH give?

A

weight (amount of Hgb)

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6
Q

What RBC information does MCHC give?

A

concentration

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7
Q

What levels are inc./dec. in microcytic hypochromic anemia?

A
  • decreased MCV

- decreased MCH/MCHC

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8
Q

What levels are inc./dec. in normocytic normochromic anemia?

A
  • normal MCV

- normal MCH/MCHC

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9
Q

What levels are inc./dec. in macrocytic normochromic anemia?

A
  • increased MCV

- normal MCH/MCHC

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10
Q

What levels are inc./dec. in macrocytic hyperochromic anemia?

A
  • increased MCV

- increased MCH/MCHC

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11
Q

What is anemia caused by?

A
  • decreased production
  • increased breakdown
  • blood loss
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12
Q

What are etiologies of microcytic hypochromic anemia?

A
  • iron deficiency anemia*
  • anemia of chronic dx
  • thalassemia
  • chronic blood loss
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13
Q

What are etiologies of macrocytic normochromic anemia?

A
  • vit B12 deficiency*
  • folic acid deficiency*
  • alcoholism
  • liver dx
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14
Q

What are etiologies of normocytic normochromic anemia?

A
  • anemia of chronic dx*
  • acute blood loss
  • hemolytic anemia (sickle cell)
  • aplastic anemia
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15
Q

What is the MC worldwide cause of anemia?

A

iron deficiency anemia

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16
Q

What is the MC etiology of iron deficiency anemia (in general)?

A

GI tract bleeding

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17
Q

What is the MC etiology of iron deficiency anemia in developed countries?

A

blood lost during menses

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18
Q

Leukopenia is typically seen with what type of infection?

A

viral

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19
Q

Leukocytosis is typically seen with what type of infection?

A

bacterial

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20
Q

What are neutrophils essential for?

A
  • phagocytic action

- pyogenic infxns

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21
Q

What are eosinophils essential for?

A
  • allergy
  • drug rxn
  • parasites
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22
Q

What are basophils essential for?

A
  • hypersensitivity rxn

- parasites

23
Q

What are lymphocytes essential for?

A

fight viral infxn

24
Q

What are monocytes essential for?

A

help neutrophils

25
Q

0-5,000 WBC

A

Leukopenia

26
Q

5-10,000 WBC

A

normal

27
Q

> 10,000 WBC

A

leukocytosis

28
Q

High WBC count is indicative of what?

A

bacterial infxn

29
Q

Low WBC count is indicative of what?

A

viral infxn

30
Q

10-18,000 WBC

A

typical infxn/inflam

31
Q

18-20,000 WBC

A

“hot abdomen”

32
Q

20/30-50,000

A

leukamoid rxn

leukemia

33
Q

> 50,000

A

leukemia

34
Q

What does a right shift indicate?

A

more mature cells

35
Q

What does a left shift indicate?

A

more immature cells

36
Q

What is the stem cell theory?

A

if one cell type increases, others decrease

37
Q

Neutrophilia is usually due to?

A

bacterial infxns

38
Q

Neutropenia is usually due to?

A

viral infxn

39
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils are seen with what condition?

A

megaloblastic anemia

40
Q

What is the MC cause of lymphocytosis?

A

viral infxns

41
Q

What is the MC cause of lymphopenia?

A

bacterial infxns

42
Q

What do B-lymphocytes do?

A

tag foreign bodies and produce antibodies

43
Q

What do T-lymphocytes do?

A

kill foreign bodies

44
Q

What do B-lymphocytes ultimately turn into?

A

plasma cell

45
Q

What is the “inverted ratio”?

A

lymphocytes > neutrophils

-seen in viral infxns

46
Q

Neutrophilic leukocytosis with 16 WBC. What is the ML dx?

A

bacterial infxn

47
Q

Lymphocytic leukocytosis with 16 WBC. ML dx?

A

viral infxn

48
Q

Lymphocytosis with 3.8 WBC. ML dx?

A

viral infxn

49
Q

What type of cells does HIV kill?

A

CD4+ T cells

50
Q

When is an individual diagnosed with AIDS?

A

when the CD4 count drops below 200

51
Q

What does the CD4 count tell us?

A

how well the immune system is fxning

52
Q

What does the viral load test tell us?

A

how rapidly HiV is progressing

53
Q

The presence of what cells indicate acute leukemia?

A

blasts and pros

54
Q

What is the MC leukemia found in the first few months?

A

AML

Visceral Disorders (3 decks)

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