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Phys Di Exam II > Exam II > Flashcards

Exam II Flashcards

1
Q

remittent fever

A

daily elevated temp

returns to baseline but not normal

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2
Q

intermittent fever

A

periodic fever

returns to both baseline and normal

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3
Q

factitious fever

A

self-induced fever

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4
Q

relapsing fever

A

multiple attacks lasting about 6 days separated by afebrile periods

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5
Q

charcot’s intermittent fever

A

fever accompanied by chills, jaundace

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6
Q

hectic fever

A

daily afternoon spike

usually seen in TB

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7
Q

continued or sustained fever

A

fever of some duration without remissions

usually seen with gram- or sepsis or CNS damage

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8
Q

ephemeral fever

A

febrile period lasting no more than one or two days

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9
Q

essential fever

A

fever of unknown origin

temp of 100.4 for 3 weeks or longer without identifiable cause

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10
Q

hyperpyrexia

A

temp greater than 105

CNS disorders of the thermoregulating centers

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11
Q

hypothermia

A

temp below 98.6

chronic renal failure and patients receiving antipyretics and NSAIDs

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12
Q

why is fever accompanied by increase in pulse?

A

increase amount of WBC

distribute heat

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13
Q

tachycardia

A

pulse above 100

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14
Q

bradycardia

A

pulse below 60

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15
Q

most accessible artery closest to the heart?

A

carotid

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16
Q

lower extremity pulse evaluates…?

A

arterial circulation

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17
Q

upper extremity pulse evaluates…?

A

heart activity

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18
Q

Which arteries are more susceptible to calcification?

A

carotid and femoral

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19
Q

what are the descriptors used to describe pulse

A

rate
rhythm (regular/irregular)
amplitude (0-4)
contour (pliable)

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20
Q

what are the descriptors used for respiration

A

rate
rhythm (regular/irregular)
depth (shallow/moderate/deep)

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21
Q

normal adult respiration?

A

12-20 breaths per minute

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22
Q

tachypnea is commonly seen in..?

A

patients with a PE

COPD patients

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23
Q

bradypnea commonly seen in…?

A

hypothyroidism (MC)

CNS lesions

24
Q

pursed-lip breathing is commonly seen in…?

A

COPD

emphysema

25
Q

hyperpnea

A

increase in rate and tidal volume

==>rapid and deep respiration

26
Q

Kussmaul breathing

A

type of hyperpnea seen in patients with metabolic acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis)

27
Q

mnemonic for Kussmaul

A 
MAKE up  List
methanol poisoning
aspirin intoxication
ketoacidosis
ethylene glycol ingestion
uremia
paraldehyde administration
lactic acidosis
28
Q

hypopnea

A

shallow respirations

29
Q

Pickwickin syndrome

A

hypoventilation seen in obese patients with excessive daytime sleepiness and elevated blood CO2

30
Q

apnea

A

absence of respiration for at least 20 seconds while awake or 30 while asleep

31
Q

where is apnea seen?

A

patients with neuromuscular dysfunction or airway obstruction interrupting REM sleep

32
Q

central apnea

A

neuromuscular dysfunction

33
Q

obstructive sleep apnea

A

airway obstruction

34
Q

orthopnea

A

upright respiration

MC seen in patients with CHF

35
Q

What is the “gold standard” for blood pressure?

A

direct measurement using a rigid wall catheter

36
Q

When does the needle bounce?

A

before sound

37
Q

phase 1

A

first appearance of faint, repetitive clear tapping sounds

systolic BP

38
Q

phase 2

A

sounds soften

39
Q

phase 3

A

return of sharper sounds

40
Q

phase 4

A

distinct muffling sounds

mid-diastolic

41
Q

phase 5

A

when all sounds finally disappear

diastolic pressure

42
Q

ascultatory gap

A

sounds may disappear altogether for a short time between phase 2 and 3

43
Q

the systolic number is a measurement of…?

A

cardiac output and how hard the heart is working to eject blood (SV)

44
Q

the diastolic number is a measurement of…?

A

peripheral vascular resistance (resting resistance)

45
Q

normal systolic ranges

A

100-140

46
Q

normal diastolic ranges

A

60-90

47
Q

what is considered HTN?

A

systolic greater than 140

diastolic greater than 90

48
Q

blood pressure is lowest during…?

A

sleep

49
Q

systolic HTN is the most prevalent risk factor for…?

A

heart failure, stroke and kidney failure

50
Q

what is considered hypotension?

A

BP under 90/60

51
Q

what is pulse pressure

A

difference between systolic and diastolic pressures

normal is 30-40

52
Q

high pulse pressure suggests…?

A

reduced large artery vascular compliance

53
Q

what is the best blood pressure marker for CV risk?

A

widened pulse pressure

54
Q

a difference between arm pulses may be a clue to what?

A

aortic coarctation

anatomical variants

55
Q

how much variation in BP should be allowed between both arms?

A

10 mmHg

Phys Di Exam II (2 decks)

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