Exam II Flashcards
remittent fever
daily elevated temp
returns to baseline but not normal
intermittent fever
periodic fever
returns to both baseline and normal
factitious fever
self-induced fever
relapsing fever
multiple attacks lasting about 6 days separated by afebrile periods
charcot’s intermittent fever
fever accompanied by chills, jaundace
hectic fever
daily afternoon spike
usually seen in TB
continued or sustained fever
fever of some duration without remissions
usually seen with gram- or sepsis or CNS damage
ephemeral fever
febrile period lasting no more than one or two days
essential fever
fever of unknown origin
temp of 100.4 for 3 weeks or longer without identifiable cause
hyperpyrexia
temp greater than 105
CNS disorders of the thermoregulating centers
hypothermia
temp below 98.6
chronic renal failure and patients receiving antipyretics and NSAIDs
why is fever accompanied by increase in pulse?
increase amount of WBC
distribute heat
tachycardia
pulse above 100
bradycardia
pulse below 60
most accessible artery closest to the heart?
carotid
lower extremity pulse evaluates…?
arterial circulation
upper extremity pulse evaluates…?
heart activity
Which arteries are more susceptible to calcification?
carotid and femoral
what are the descriptors used to describe pulse
rate
rhythm (regular/irregular)
amplitude (0-4)
contour (pliable)
what are the descriptors used for respiration
rate
rhythm (regular/irregular)
depth (shallow/moderate/deep)
normal adult respiration?
12-20 breaths per minute
tachypnea is commonly seen in..?
patients with a PE
COPD patients
bradypnea commonly seen in…?
hypothyroidism (MC)
CNS lesions
pursed-lip breathing is commonly seen in…?
COPD
emphysema
hyperpnea
increase in rate and tidal volume
==>rapid and deep respiration
Kussmaul breathing
type of hyperpnea seen in patients with metabolic acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis)
mnemonic for Kussmaul
MAKE up List methanol poisoning aspirin intoxication ketoacidosis ethylene glycol ingestion uremia paraldehyde administration lactic acidosis
hypopnea
shallow respirations
Pickwickin syndrome
hypoventilation seen in obese patients with excessive daytime sleepiness and elevated blood CO2
apnea
absence of respiration for at least 20 seconds while awake or 30 while asleep
where is apnea seen?
patients with neuromuscular dysfunction or airway obstruction interrupting REM sleep
central apnea
neuromuscular dysfunction
obstructive sleep apnea
airway obstruction
orthopnea
upright respiration
MC seen in patients with CHF
What is the “gold standard” for blood pressure?
direct measurement using a rigid wall catheter
When does the needle bounce?
before sound
phase 1
first appearance of faint, repetitive clear tapping sounds
systolic BP
phase 2
sounds soften
phase 3
return of sharper sounds
phase 4
distinct muffling sounds
mid-diastolic
phase 5
when all sounds finally disappear
diastolic pressure
ascultatory gap
sounds may disappear altogether for a short time between phase 2 and 3
the systolic number is a measurement of…?
cardiac output and how hard the heart is working to eject blood (SV)
the diastolic number is a measurement of…?
peripheral vascular resistance (resting resistance)
normal systolic ranges
100-140
normal diastolic ranges
60-90
what is considered HTN?
systolic greater than 140
diastolic greater than 90
blood pressure is lowest during…?
sleep
systolic HTN is the most prevalent risk factor for…?
heart failure, stroke and kidney failure
what is considered hypotension?
BP under 90/60
what is pulse pressure
difference between systolic and diastolic pressures
normal is 30-40
high pulse pressure suggests…?
reduced large artery vascular compliance
what is the best blood pressure marker for CV risk?
widened pulse pressure
a difference between arm pulses may be a clue to what?
aortic coarctation
anatomical variants
how much variation in BP should be allowed between both arms?
10 mmHg
