Exam II Flashcards
This type of jaundice typically appears after 24 hours of age and resolves without treatment. Bilirubin is gradually increased to 5 to 6 mg/dL by 72 to 96 hours of life and decrease to 2 to 3 mg/dL by day 5 of life.
Physiologic jaundice
Caused by increased levels of unconjugated bilirubin
When should maconium pass in your newborn
24-48 hours
This edematous area of the scalp appears at the suture lines of the occiput and disappears within 3-4 days. Typically seen with vacuum extraction delivery.
Caput Succedaneum
A collection of blood between the skull bone and the periosteum and does not cross suture lines. It shows prominently on the second or third day after birth and resolves in 3-6 weeks.
Cephalhematoma
Bleeding occurs in the subgaleal compartment due to torn vessels as a result of difficult vaginal birth, especially vacuum extraction. Can cause hypovolemic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and death.
Subgaleal hemorrhage
What is the head circumference for a term neonate
32-36.8 cm (12.6-14.5 in)
What is the head-to-heel length for term neonates
45-55 cm (17.7-21.7 in)
What is normal newborn temperature?
36.5-37.5 C (97.7-100 F)
What are normal respirations for newborn?
30-60 bpm
What is the weight for an average newborn?
2500-4000 g (5.5-8.8 lbs)
10% loss in first 3-5 days is acceptable
What is the normal apical pulse for a newborn?
80-100 bpm sleeping
120-160 bpm awake
How many breaths per minute are considered bradypnea in newborn and what are the causes?
How many breaths per minute are considered tachypnea in newborn and what are the causes?
> 60/min
Caused by RDS, transient tachypnea of the newborn, genital diaphragmatic hernia
What is the normal chest circumference for a newborn?
30-33 cm (11.8-13 in)
2-3 cm less than head circumference
What are normal findings for the breasts of a newborn?
Prominent nipples, well formed, symmetrically placed, nodule measures 3-10 mm in term infant
What is the normal voiding pattern for a newborn?
2-6 times per day for first 1-2 days,
6-10 times per day by day 4-5
What is the normal finding for the soles of the feet of a newborn?
The soul should be well aligned (or winkled) over two thirds of the foot in term infants
Few creases = preterm
Covered with creases = post mature
A baby born before completion of 37 weeks of gestation, regardless of birth weight is considered _______?
Preterm or premature
Baby born between 34 and 37 weeks gestation is considered ________?
Late preterm
A baby born between the beginning of week 37 and the end of week 42 of gestation is considered _____?
Term
A baby born after completion of 42 weeks gestation is considered _____?
Post term/Post date
A baby born after completion of 42 weeks gestation and showing the effects of progressive placental insufficiency is considered ____?
Post mature
How should vitamin K be administered to a newborn?
0.5-1 mg via IM injection soon after birth to prevent hemorrhagic disease
Vitamin K should never be administered via IV and should never be administered via rapid bolus as this can cause cardiac arrest
How often should a newborn be assessed for jaundice?
Every 8-12 hours
A TcB screening result >_____ requires a follow-up with a serum bilirubin test
12 mg/dL
What is the normal glucose level for a newborn?
40-45 mg/dL
During the first 1 to 2 hours after birth, glucose levels may be as low as 30 mg/dL
What is the normal hemoglobin level for a newborn?
14.5-22.5 g/dL
What is the normal hematocrit level for a newborn?
48-69%
Three times the hemoglobin level
Where is the normal red blood cell count for a newborn?
4.8 -7.1/mcL
What is the normal platelet count for a newborn?
150,000 to 300,000
What is the normal white blood cell count for a newborn?
9,000 to 30,000
What is normal bilirubin level for a newborn?
What is considered an elevated PKU result in a newborn?
> 20 mg/dL
An infant whose rate of interuterine growth was slowed and whose birth weight falls below the 10th percentile on the intrauterine growth curves is considered _____?
Small for gestational age (SGA)
An infant whose birth weight falls above the 90th percentile on the intrauterine growth chart is considered _____?
Large for gestational age (LGA)
What are the clinical manifestations of infants of diabetic mothers?
Large for gestational age Abundant vernix caseosa Listless and lethargic Hypotonia Plump and fullfaced
What are causes of respiratory distress syndrome in newborns?
Preterm birth, Sepsis, Cardiac defects, Exposure to cold, Airway obstruction, Hypoglycemia, Metabolic acidosis, Acute blood loss, Drugs
What are the nursing interventions for respiratory distress?
Monitor oxygenation by pulseox symmetry and provide supplemental oxygen
Newborn pulse ox should be placed on the _____ hand and _____. Rates should be from ____ to _____%.
Right hand & foot,
90-95%
Variance >3% should be rechecked in 1 hour
This type of jaundice occurs within 24 hours. The serum bilirubin level exceeds 15 mg/dL or increases by more than 6 mg/dL within 24 hours
Pathologic Jaundice
Also called hyperbilirubinemia
