EXAM II Flashcards
Which atom is the Central Atom when drawing a Lewis structure?
It’s the Least Electronegative (Hydrogen is never CA, Carbon is almost always CA)
How to calculate the Formal Charge of an atom?
VE-LE-B (Valence Electron - Lone Electrons - Number of Bonds)
What is electron-pair delocalization?
When a double bond is spread over an entire molecule
How to calculate bond order?
(No. of bonding electrons - no. of anti-bonding electrons)/2
Octet rule holds mostly with which period?
Period 2
Electron deficient molecules examples?
Be: 4e
B: 6e
How to know if a molecule has an odd electron?
Add up the Valence Electrons
Expanded valence electrons occur in which periods mostly?
In P3 or higher
What to do when there’s the Central Atom is from P3 or higher?
You must check the Formal Charge to know if it should expand valence shells in the Central Atom.
What are most commonly used atoms that have expanded valence shells?
Sulfur, S: 12e
Phosphorus, P: 10e
What is the name of EDG of AX2 and it’s angles?
Linear.
180
What is the name of EDG of AX3 and it’s angles?
Trigonal Planar
120
What is the name of EDG of AX4 and it’s angles?
Tetrahedral
109.5
What is the MG of AX2E?
Bent
The angles are less than 120
Polar
What is the MG of AX2E2?
Bent
Less the 109.5 angle
Polar
What is the MG of AX3E?
Trigonal pyramidal
Less than 109.5 angle
Polar
What is the MG of AX4E?
Seesaw
What is the MG of AX3E2
T-shaped
Polar
What us the MG of AX2E3?
Linear
What is the MG of AX5E?
Square pyramidal
Polar
What is the MG of AX4E2?
Square planar
What is the MG of AX3E3?
T-shaped
Polar
What is the MG of AX2E4?
Linear
What’s the Hybrid Orbitals for 1ED?
s
What’s the Hybrid Orbitals for 2ED?
sp
What’s the Hybrid Orbitals for 3ED?
sp^2
What’s the Hybrid Orbitals for 4ED?
sp^3
What’s the Hybrid Orbitals for 5ED?
sp^3d
What’s the Hybrid Orbitals for 6ED?
sp^3d^2
IMF of ION-ION?
Opposite Charged ions (Ionic compounds)
IMF of ION-DIPOLE?
Ion and a dipole molecule like water (aq)
IMF of Hydrogen Bond?
A type of dipole-dipole, it’s hydrogen to N O or F
IMF of Dipole-Dipole?
Polar with polar
ion induced-dipole
Ion and nonpolar
dipole induced-dipole
polar and nonpolar
London Dispersion
nonpolar and nonpolar
C-O-H
Alcohol
O=C-O-H
Carboxylic acid
C-O-C
Ether
O=C-O-C
Ester
C-N
Amine
O=C-N
Amide
O=C-H
Aldehyde
O
ll
C – C – C
Ketone
