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Parasitology > Exam II > Flashcards

Exam II Flashcards

0
Q

What is your treatment and control for the Musca spp. and Stomoxys calcitrans?

A

Sanitation and reducing breeding places are the best treatments.

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1
Q

Name two muscid flies that bite cattle.

A

Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly; biting housefly) and Haematobia irritans (horn fly)

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2
Q

Which muscid lives on its bovid host?

What are the implications of this for control?

A 
Haematobia irritans (horn fly).
It means control is easy as parasiticides can be applied directly to cattle.
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3
Q

What is a myiasis?

A

An infestation of living animals with the larvae of dipteran flies.

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4
Q

What is “blowfly strike”?

A

Refers to an animal being seriously affected by blowfly larvae. The laying of eggs by the fly being termed the “blow” and the development of the larvae (maggots) and the damage they cause the “strike”.

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5
Q

Where does the female New World Screwworm lay her eggs?

A

On fresh uninfected wounds on a host?

Eggs hatch to larvae and feed invasively on living tissue.

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6
Q

What is the treatment and prevention for Cochliomyia hominivorax?

A

Treating wounds of all infected animals.

The release of billions of sterile males succeeded in eradicating the screwworm from the US and other countries.

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7
Q 
A sika deer that is housed in a petting zoo in New York developers acute hepatosis and dies. Necropsy reveals that the liver has been severely damaged by migrating flukes that are several centimeters long. This fluke, which usually has the white-tailed deer as its final host, is:
A. Fasciola buskii
B. Fascioloides magna
C. Dicrocoelium dendriticum
D. Clonorchis sinensis
E. Alaria marcianae
A

B.

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8
Q

Outbreaks of clinical Fasciola hepatica infection may occur during periods of drought because:
A. Sheep are forced to eat unpalatable aquatic vegetation that may be covered with infected ants.
B. Sheep are forced to eat unpalatable aquatic vegetation that may contain encysted metacercariae.
C. Sheep are forced to graze near ant hills.
D. Sheep may enter bodies of water and be penetrated by cercariae
E. Fasciola hepatica causes disease only in malnourished sheep

A

B.

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9
Q

The larvae of Stomoxys calcitrans develope in:
A. Fresh cattle manure
B. Damp hay or similar decaying organic matter
C. Soil
D. Quiet bodies of water
E. Rapidly moving streams

A

B.

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10
Q 
Haematobia irritans lays its eggs on:
A. Rapidly running streams
B. Straw contaminated with urine or manure, or decaying organic matter on beaches
C. Slow-moving or still bodies of water
D. Soil
E. Fresh cattle manure
A

E.

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11
Q

What is common name for Musca domestica and Musca autumnalis?

A

The house fly and the face fly respectively.

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12
Q

What is the scientific name for the stable fly/biting housefly?

A

Stomoxys calcitrans

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13
Q

Haematobia irritans goes by the common name:

A

Horn fly

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14
Q

What is the common name for Hypoderma bovis and H. lineatum larvae?

A

The cattle grub.

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15
Q

What is the common name for Hypoderma bovis?

A

Warble fly

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16
Q

What is the common name for Hypoderma lineatum?

A

Warble fly, heel fly, ox warble

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17
Q

What would happen if the third stage larvae of Hypoderma lineatum were killed in the esophageal wall?

A

The death of the larvae may cause bloat through esophageal stricture and faulty regurgitation.

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18
Q

What would happen if the third stage larvae of Hypoderma bovis were killed in the spinal canal?

A

There would be a release of a highly toxic proteolysin, which the larvae contain, which would cause paraplegia.

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19
Q

What is the common name for Damalinia bovis?

A

Cattle biting louse.

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20
Q

What 3 factors are responsible for the favorable winter proliferation of Damalinia bovis?

A

1) Thick coats
2) Cattle are housed
3) Parthenogenesis allows numbers to add up very quickly

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21
Q

What 3 factors are responsible for decreased summer proliferation of Damalinia bovis?

A

1) thin pelage limits sheltered habitat
2) skin surface temperatures are high
3) sunlight is lethal

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22
Q

What is another name for lice infestation?

A

Pediculosis.

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23
Q

What are the clinical signs and pathogenesis of Damalinia bovis?

A

Chronic dermatitis
In large numbers, intense irritation and pruritus
May be a sign of malnutrition or chronic disease

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24
Q

What is the scientific name of the long nosed cattle louse?

A

Linognathus vituli

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25
Q

What type of lice would be found on the head, neck, and dewlap of cattle?

A

Linognathus vituli

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26
Q

Why is Linognathus vituli ( from the suborder Anoplura) more pathogenic on its host when compared with those lice from the suborder Ischnocera?

A

Because it is a blood sucker.

27
Q

What pathogenesis and clinical signs are attributed to heavy infestations of Linognathus vituli?

A

Pruritus, anemia, and weakness.

A Linognathus vituli infestations is often a sign of malnutrition or chronic disease.

28
Q

What are the names of 2 bloodsucking lice species of the bovine that we discussed?

A

Linognathus vituli and Haematopinus eurysternus.

29
Q

What is the common name for Haematopinus eurysternus?

A

Short nosed cattle louse.

30
Q

What is the scientific and common names of the largest louse genus of domestic animals?

A

Haematopinus eurysternus

Short nosed cattle louse

31
Q

What louse species prefers the head, ears, eyes, and nostrils as it site of infestation on its host?

A

Haematopinus eurysternus.

32
Q

Why would a pediculosis (louse infestation) be a sign do malnutrition and/or chronic disease?

A

Because debilitated animals do not groom themselves and leave themselves and their lice undisturbed.

33
Q

What are the clinical signs of a Haematopinus eurysternus infestation?

A

Serious anemia and weight loss.

34
Q

Name the 2 cattle warble flies?

A

Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum.

35
Q

Name a life cycle difference between the 2 cattle warble flies.

A

The larvae of Hypoderma bovis accumulate in the epidural fat of the spinal cord.
The larvae of Hypoderma lineatum accumulate in the submucosa of the esophagus.

36
Q

Name 2 damaging disease conditions that the warble flies cause.

A

Hypoderma bovis may cause paraplegia.

Hypoderma lineatum may cause fault regurgitation and bloat.

37
Q

What is different about the life cycle of the warble flies?

A

They pupate in the GROUND.

38
Q

What is the scientific name for the cattle biting louse?

A

Damalinia bovis.

39
Q

What is the largest louse on cattle?

A

Haematopinus eurysternus

40
Q

The larvae of Hypoderma lineatum overwinter within the loose CT of the submucosa of the caudal one third of the esophagus.the larvae of Hypoderma bovis overwinter in the:
A. Soil
B. Loose CT of the submucosa of the caudal one third of the esophagus
C. Oral cavity
D. Rodent intermediate host
E. Epidural adipose tissue between the dura mater and periosteum, near the first lumbar vertebra

A

E.

41
Q

What is called when there’s an infestation of living animals with the larvae of dipteran flies?

A

A myiasis

42
Q

The following description is of which species: Eggs are laid in rows, active beginning of the summer, larvae accumulate in submucosa of the esophagus.
Give the common name of this fly.

A

Hypoderma lineatum

Common cattle grub

43
Q

The following is a description of which fly species:
Eggs laid singly, active after H. lineatum, larvae accumulate in the epidural fat of the spinal cord.
What is the common name for this species?

A

Hypoderma bovis

Northern cattle grub

44
Q

The following is a description of which species collectively:
Treatment at the wrong time can lead to bloat or paraplegia (depending on location of the larvae)
Warbles = butchers jelly and damaged hides
The adults are called warble flies

A

The Hypoderma spp

45
Q

The following is a description of which louse species:
Prefers the top of the head, poll, forehead, neck, shoulders, back, rump, and tail switch.
Chronic dermatitis.
What is the common name of this species?

A

Damalinia bovis.

Cattle biting louse

46
Q

The following is a description of which louse species:
Prefers the top of the head, neck, and dewlap and likes to live in clusters.
Pruritus and anemia.
What is the common name of this species?

A

Linognathus vituli.

Long nosed cattle louse.

47
Q

The following is a description of which louse species:
Large louse
Prefers head and like to live in clusters
Anemia and weight loss
What is the common name of this species?

A

Haematopinus eurysternus.

Short nosed cattle louse.

48
Q

Which tick species have a single white spot on the female’s scutum?
What is the common name for this species?

A

Amblyomma americanum.

Lone star tick

49
Q

Do the Amblyomma spp require one host or three?

A

This species is a three host tick.

50
Q

What areas of the body do the Amblyomma species prefer?

A

Head, neck, and ears.

51
Q

Which tick species is most important when it come to the transmission of Hepatozoon americanum?
What is the common name?

A

Amblyomma maculatum.

Gulf Coast Tick

52
Q

What is the common name for Rhipicephalus annulatus?

A

Cattle fever tick

53
Q

What is the common name for Rhipicephalus microplus?

A

Tropical cattle tick

54
Q

Do the Rhipicephalus spp require one host or three?

A

This species is a one host tick.

55
Q

What is the preferred site of infestation for the immature and the adult Rhipicephalus spp?

A

For the immature tick: ears.

For the adults: ventral aspect of the body, from the neck and brisket to the genitalia.

56
Q

Bovine piroplasma (Babesia bigemina) and gallsickness (Anaplasma marginale) are caused by which two tick spp discussed?

A

Rhipicephalus microplus (Tropical cattle tick) and Rhipicephalus annulatus (Cattle fever tick).

57
Q

What are the preferred sites of the Otobius spp larvae and nymphs, and the adults?

A

The larvae and nymphs infest the ears.

The adults are not on the animal; they live in the barn and fields.

58
Q

What is the pathogenesis and clinical signs of an Otobius infection?

A

Severe inflammation and rupture of the ear drum may occur. Anemia and loss of condition in heavy infestations.

59
Q

Which mite species could potentially be the most severe mange in cattle?

A

Sarcoptes scabiei.

60
Q

What are the pathogenesis/clinical signs of a mild case of Sarcoptes scabiei? Of a severe case?

A

Mild: scaly skin with little hair loss
Severe: thickened skin, marked hair loss, pruritus
There can be a downgrading of hide due to scratching and rubbing as well as losses in milk and meat.

61
Q

The following describes which mite species:
Females lay 90 eggs during her 4-6 week lifetime.
Preferred sites of infestation are trailhead, udder, and legs.
Appears during late winter and is usually a mild condition.
Can cause damage to hide.
What is the common name?

A

Chorioptes bovis.

Chorioptic mange mite

62
Q

What is the scientific name for the bont tick?

A

Amblyomma hebraeum.

63
Q

What is the scientific name for the lone star tick?

A

Amblyomma americanum

64
Q

How many hosts does the lone star tick have?

A

They have three hosts.

65
Q 
You look in the ear of a steer and note what appear to be very large mites (~ one cm in diameter). You subsequently identify the parasites as a stage of the soft tick Otobius megnini. The stages present in the ear of this steer are:
A. Larvae, nymphs, and adults
B. Nymphs and adults
C. Nymphs and eggs
D. Eggs, larvae, and nymphs
E. Larvae and nymphs
A

E. Larvae and nymphs

66
Q

Rhipicephalus annulatus has been eradicated from the US by routine dipping of cattle in solutions of arsenicals. Dipping has been successful because R. annulatus is:
A. A one-host tick
B. A two-host tick
C. A three-host tick
D. A tick found originally on the American bison that became extinct throughout most of its range, along with its indigenous host.
E. Only found in the ear canal of cattle

A

A. A one-host tick

All stages prefer to feed on one host.

Parasitology (6 decks)

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