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intro to tech in animal behavior > exam II > Flashcards

exam II Flashcards

1
Q

pros of field work

A

natural behaviors, no husbandry costs, free? of ethical concerns

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2
Q

cons of field work

A

site selection, landowner permission, proximity vs data frequency, sample size concerns

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3
Q

pros of lab work

A

controls and experiments, often close/more detail, model species+huge knowledge base

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4
Q

cons of lab work

A

$$$ for husbandry, adaptation to captivity, ethics for wild species

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5
Q

observer effect

A

disrupting natural behaviors

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6
Q

3 ways to combat observer effect

A

habituation, hide, video

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7
Q

4 sampling rules

A

ad lib, focal, scan, behavior

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8
Q

3 recording rules

A

continuous + time sampling (instantaneous + one-zero)

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9
Q

ad lib sampling

A

no set rule, get as much info on as many individuals as you can

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10
Q

ad lib sampling pros

A

little prep required, preliminary observations

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11
Q

ad lib sampling cons

A

miss brief or inconspicuous behaviors

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12
Q

focal animal sampling

A

focus on a predetermined individual (or dyad or group), note OOV

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13
Q

focal sampling pros

A

best for group interactions, documenting variation, good in-depth behavioral info

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14
Q

focal sampling cons

A

difficult if OOV > in view, may misrepresent OOV behaviors

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15
Q

scan sampling

A

whole group scanned at intervals, proportions + times of behaviors

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16
Q

scan sampling pro

A

broad sweep of data for comparison between groups or across seasons

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17
Q

scan sampling cons

A

restricted to “simple” behaviors, may misrepresent rare behaviors

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18
Q

behavior sampling

A

group observed and instances of behaviors recorded along w participants, good for mating/aggression

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19
Q

behavior sampling pro

A

collect data on rare behaviors

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20
Q

behavior sampling con

A

biased towards conspicuous behaviors

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21
Q

continuous recording

A

recording all behaviors w time/duration, exact record of behavior

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22
Q

instantaneous recording (state v event?)

A

record behaviors “on the beep” (good for state behaviors)

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23
Q

one-zero recording (state v event?)

A

record whether behaviors occurred (1) or not (0) during a sample interval (works well for event behaviors)

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24
Q

bird identification methods

A

leg bands, neck bands, wing tags, radio-tracking, PIT tags

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25
Q

mammal identification methods

A

fur dye, ear tags, PIT tags, radio-transmitter

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26
Q

fish identification methods

A

fin clip/notch, floy tags, marine radio-transmitter, PIT tags w monitoring stations

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27
Q

reptile/amphibian identification methods

A

epoxied labels, shell notch/engrave, toe clipping, visible implant

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28
Q

4 study needs

A

permanence of mark, alteration of behavior/invasiveness, cost, distance of observation

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29
Q

5 marking methods

A

natural features, mutilations, dyes/inks, adornments, active/passive transmitters

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30
Q

“gambit of the group”

A

individuals repeatedly observed in same group have a social
affiliation

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31
Q

node vs edge

A

node = individual, edge = social connection

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32
Q

dominant vs subordinate

A

mostly wins vs loses aggressive interactions

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33
Q

reliability

A

PRECISION, sensitivity, consistency - how “good”

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34
Q

validity

A

ACCURACY, specificity, scientific validity - how “right”

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35
Q

within-observer reliability

A

consistency of observer

36
Q

between-observer reliability

A

consistency between observers

37
Q

2 methods of measuring reliability

A

index of concordance and correlation

38
Q

index of concordance equation

A

A / A + D

39
Q

4 factors affecting reliability

A

practice/experience, frequency of occurrence, observer fatigue, adequacy of definition

40
Q

observer drift

A

as you see behavior more, definition changes

41
Q

standardized behavior tests

A

more automation, behavioral scoring pre-determined

42
Q

5 common methods of data capture

A

video, acoustic, odor, physiological variables, biologgers

43
Q

AI-assisted methods

A

guided vs machine learning

44
Q

learning

A

change in behavior over time as a result of a new stimulus

45
Q

non-associative learning examples

A

habituation + sensitization

46
Q

associative learning examples

A

involves context!! classical + operant conditioning

47
Q

classical conditioning

A

association formed between 2 stimuli, results in a learned PHYSIOLOGICAL response

48
Q

operant conditioning

A

response associated with its consequence

49
Q

positive punishment

A

apply unfavorable event to lessen response

50
Q

negative punishment

A

remove favorable event after a behavior occurs

51
Q

positive reinforcement

A

favorable events presented after the behavior

52
Q

negative reinforcement

A

removal of an unfavorable
event after the display of a behavior

53
Q

punishment

A

decreases behavior

54
Q

reinforcement

A

increases behavior

55
Q

positive v negative

A

apply/remove stimuli

56
Q

two fields of science making roots of modern AB

A

ethology + comparative psychology

57
Q

ethology

A

scientific study of animal behavior

58
Q

3 “big three” pioneers

A

frisch, lorenz, tinbergen

59
Q

karl von frisch

A

decoded language of bees, animal language

60
Q

konrad lorenz

A

imprinting, fixed-action patterns esp in birds + observation

61
Q

tinbergen

A

“suprenormal” stimuli + intensity of behavior, stickleback courtship + reproductive behavior, experimental

62
Q

charles henry turner

A

studied insects and bees and their behavior, honeybee color-vision

63
Q

proximate

A

pertaining to the individual animal

64
Q

ultimate

A

pertaining to the population/species

65
Q

current

A

occurs now, time scale = animal’s lifetime

66
Q

historical

A

occurs in evolutionary time, generations

67
Q

proximate + current

A

how does it work? (causation)

68
Q

proximate + historical

A

how did it develop? (ontogeny)

69
Q

ultimate + current

A

what is it for? (survival value)

70
Q

ultimate + historical

A

how did it evolve? (evolution)

71
Q

causation question

A

what stimuli releases the behavior?

72
Q

ontogeny

A

what development in the animal’s life leads to the behavior?

73
Q

survival value

A

how does the behavior benefit the animal’s survival/reproduction?

74
Q

evolution

A

from what behavior does this evolve?

75
Q

3 R’s

A

replace, reduce, refine

76
Q

refinement

A

refine the experiments such that animal suffering is minimized or eliminated

77
Q

improve animal welfare as a professional

A

EXPERIENCE, living conditions, descriptions of procedures

78
Q

3 major ways to describe behavior

A

consequence, structure, spatial relation

79
Q

ethogram

A

catalog of all behaviors performed by a species

80
Q

ethogram factors to consider

A

independent yet inclusive!

81
Q

4 measurements in animal behavior

A

latency, frequency, duration, intensity

82
Q

frequency

A

count of behavior

83
Q

intensity

A

local rate/amplitude

84
Q

latency

A

time until a behavior

85
Q

duration

A

length of behavior

intro to tech in animal behavior (2 decks)

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