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Biology 367 General Entomology > Exam II > Flashcards

Exam II Flashcards

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1
Q

Food mixes with saliva to produce food bolus

A

buccal cavity

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2
Q

muscular shaft for swallowing

A

pharynx

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3
Q

salivary glands are made up of

A

enzymes, possibly acids (for pathogens), possibly anticoagulants(blood feeders), mucous

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4
Q

esophagus transports food bolus to

A

crop

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5
Q

Solid food storage organ

A

crop

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6
Q

Muscular and rigid, sclerotized grinding structures (for mantids can be toothlike)

A

proventriculus

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7
Q

Produce and circulate digestive enzymes

A

Gastric cacum

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8
Q

center of midgut (not muscular, contains two spaces)

A

ventriculus

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9
Q

very center of midgut

A

endoparatrophic space

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10
Q

Protects insects from large molecules, solids, pathogens, toxins, and parasites

A

peritrophic membrane

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11
Q

space between the peritrophic membrane and endothelium

A

ectoparatrophic space

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12
Q

Stomach lining

A

endothelium

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13
Q

the digestive system is made up of 3 sections/parts

A

pre-mid-hind guts

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14
Q

The main pathway for food is the

A

alimentary canal

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15
Q

most enzymatic digestion takes place in the

A

endotrophic space

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16
Q

Absorb and release water and salts into and from the alimentary canal (main excretory organs)

A

Malpighian tubules
(increase and decrease oas)

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17
Q

Ileum and colon
function;

A

water and vitamin and fatty acid absorption, bacterial digestion

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18
Q

Rectum

A

Compaction of feces, produces frass

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19
Q

efficient water conservation and dehydration of feces.

A

cryptonephretic system
distal ends of malphigian tubules connected to rectal pads

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20
Q

production of honeydew; efficient H2O and sugar elimination, anterior and posterior midgut attached to each other at junction of hindgut

A

filter chamber

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21
Q

sticky high protein content saliva traps flying insects

A

glowing malphigian tubules

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22
Q

lack of crop, and very long proventriculus

A

mosquitos and other fluid feeders

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23
Q

fat bodies are composed of

A

adipocytes

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24
Q

fat body functions

A

storage of gycogen, lipids, and proteins
synthesis of regular blood sugar and proteins
temporary storage of uric acid
and sequestration of allelochemicals for defence (and trehalose (antifreeze))

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25
Q

Musculoskeletal system categories

A
  1. visceral -(surrounds tubes and ducts)
  2. segmental -(telescoping of body segments, helps in molting)
  3. apendicular -(movements of legs and antennae)
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26
Q

Muscle attachment sites

A
  1. Apophyses - flexible joints and attachments sites, contain springy resilin
  2. Apodemes -rigidity (infoldings)
  3. Tentorium -in the head, reinforces and gives muscle attachment
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27
Q

egg path

A

germarium -> vitellarium -> pedicel -> lateral oviduct -> common oviduct -> bursa copulatrix -> vulva

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28
Q

sperm production pathway (and into female)

A

teste -> vas deferens, -> seminal vesical -> ejaculatory duct -> aedeagus -> gonopore ->… spermatheca

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29
Q

oviposition into:

A

substrate, plants (on/in), water, on themselves, in a host

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30
Q

sex determination

A

XX female XO male

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31
Q

haplo-diploidy

A

some generations haploid, some diploid.

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32
Q

haplo-diploidy in bees

A

females diploid, males haploid

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33
Q

parthenogenesis

A

no males? (no bitches face)

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34
Q

Hermaphroditism

A

multiple genitals or passed down sperm packet (very rare and debatable)

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35
Q

Polyembryony

A

eggs that split into multiple eggs and therefore individuals

36
Q

Only true flies can do this

A

Adenotrophic viviparity: nourish larvae with milk glands before giving birth. (then they immediately pupate)

37
Q

Intrasexual communication

A

same sex (fighting in leks)

38
Q

Intersexual communication

A

b/w sexes (mating)

39
Q

interspecific communication

A

b/w spp (plant releasing chemicals)

40
Q

mole crickets make what for mating

A

a horn! (sound chamber)

41
Q

Kairomones

A

harm host (attracts predators)

42
Q

Synomones

A

benefit host and organism picking it up (plant chemical to attract predators predators)

43
Q

Allomones:

A

only benefit producer (repel insects)

44
Q

which chemical induces molting process

A

ecdysone

45
Q

3 stimuli that all are taken into account regarding molting

A
  1. External. 2. Insect growth 3. hormones that have been released by the neurosecretory system
46
Q

Juvenile hormone does what;

A

tells body which life stage to molt to; high (another life stage,) low: (adult stage)

47
Q

epidermis separates from cuticle at zone of formation at this stage in molting

A

Apolysis

48
Q

the zone of formation that fills with molting fluid

A

The apolysial space

49
Q

steps 3-5 in molting

A

New outer cuticle layer formed

Molting epidermis begins producing enzymes that dissolve the endocuticle of the old cuticle

New cuticle layers continue to be deposited

50
Q

endysis

A

old cuticle splits along endysial line

51
Q

eclosion

A

teneral adult emerges, the old exoskeleton is call the exuvium, once the adult is sclerotized it is called the imago

52
Q

which insects can form a pupae

A

holometabolous insects

53
Q

ootheca

A

egg sack

54
Q

Subimago

A

pre-adult phase in ephemeroptera

55
Q

stadium term meaning

A

time in-between moltings

56
Q

3 instars for what?

A

larvae and nymphs

57
Q

difference between larvae and nymph

A

larvae exhibit holometabolous while nymphs exhibit hemimetabolous or ametabolous development

58
Q

ametabolous

A

juvenile looks very much like adult

59
Q

Hemimetabolous

A

nymph to adult, nymph looks similar

60
Q

larval types

A

apod (no legs,) polypod (front and back legs,) oligopod (hind legs)

61
Q

exarate pupae

A

loose on body

62
Q

obtect pupae

A

pupae fits firm to body

63
Q

decticious vs adecticious pupae

A

mandible cut thru cocoon vs sheds cuticle first then munch out

64
Q

protocerebrum processes

A

optic lobe information, circadium rythm, spatial learning, memory

65
Q

deuterocerebrum

A

antennae, mouth, body wall

66
Q

tritocerebrum

A

crop, pharynx, foregut, some mouthparts

67
Q

subesophagal ganglia

A

mouthpart info and peripheral nerves, feeding behaviors, mouth

68
Q

visceral nervous system is located

A

ventrally

69
Q

thoracic and abdominal ganglia

A

innervates much of the thorax and abdomen

70
Q

what is a hormone?

A

chemical released from the endocrine gland or NCS (Neurosecretory cells)

71
Q

Neurosecretory cells are…

A

neurons that produce hormones (most hormones are produced form these,) are throughout the nervous system

72
Q

Corpus Cardiacum

A

stores and releases PTTH, or prothoracicotropic hormone, which stimulated thoracic glands

73
Q

Prothoracic gland, which works in tandem with the Corpus Cardiacum,

A

produces ecdysone, which is the molting hormone

74
Q

Corpus allatum

A

juvenile hormone (tells which stage to molt into)

75
Q

stemma/ lateral ocelli are what types of eyes

A

simple eyes

76
Q

what are simple eyes good and bad at

A

very light sensitive, but lack resolving pwr

77
Q

parts of simple eyes

A

corneal lense, rhabdom made of retinula cells, pigment cells

78
Q

trichoid sensillum can detect

A

vibrations

79
Q

Hair rows and hair plates

A

tells insects what position their bodies are in

80
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Campaniform sensillum, dome setae that can tell if being touched

81
Q

Gustatory receptors

A

function in taste (hollow setae w open pore)

82
Q

Olfactory receptors

A

function in smell

83
Q

Aposition compound eye

A

high rez, very low light sensitivity

84
Q

Ommatidia

A

individual facets of eye, (ommatidium s.) allows for 360* view

85
Q

retinacula cell

A

8 per ommatidium, each contain a rhabdomere

86
Q

MODIFIED OSE

A

(optical superposition eye) can move pigment within pigment cells to change how light enter the eye to adapt with light levels.

87
Q

optical superposition eye

A

some pigment cells lack pigment, allowing for groups of ommatidium to process the same light, ups light sensitivity but lowers image quality

Biology 367 General Entomology (8 decks)

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